547 JAPAN Area: Japan proper... 382,000 sq. km. Saghalien... 36,100 sq. km. Korea... 220,700 sq. km. Kwantung... 3,700 sq. km. Formosa... 35,800 sq. km. 678,300 sq. km. Population Japan proper (IX. I937)... -... 71,253,000 Saghalien (X. 1935)... 332,000 Korea (X. I935) '... ' '. 22,899,000 Kwantung (X. 1935).. '-.. 1,657,00ooo0 Formosa (X. I935)......5,213,00o o101,354,00o Density per sq. km... I49.4 Japan proper... 86.5 Length of railway system (III. I93I ) Japan proper...... 20,200 km. Saghalien....... 297 km. Korea... 3,865 km. Formosa... 3,087 km. I. Army. ORGANS OF MILITARY COMMAND AND ADMINISTRATION. The Emperor, who is supreme commander of the army and the navy, is assisted in his command by the Chief of the Army General Staff and the Chief of the Naval General Staff. He has also under his orders two advisory bodies : Board of Marshals and Fleet Admirals : The supreme advisory body for military and naval questions. Supreme War Council : The advisory body for important matters concerning war; it consists of the Marshals, the Ministers of War and Marine, the Chiefs of the Army and Naval General Staffs, and Generals and Admirals specially nominated by the Emperor.
548 JAPAN MINISTRY OF WAR. The Ministry of War contains eight departments The Minister's secretariat. The Bureau of Personal Affairs. The Bureau of Military Affairs. The Replenishment Bureau. The Arms and Ordnance Bureau. The Intendance Bureau. The Medical Bureau. The Judicial Bureau. The Minister of War also supervises the following organisations situated in various parts of the country : The Military Aviation Bureau. The Technical Investigation Bureau. The Military Technical Board. The Military Arsenal. The Remount Bureau. The Military Arms Depot. The Military Clothing Depot. The Military Hygiene Supplies Depot. The Military Depot of Provisions and Forage. The Fortifications Bureau. The Military Transport Bureau, which is situated at Ujina and looks after all matters concerning the transportation of troops. GENERAL STAFF. The General Staff supervises matters concerning national defence and military tactics. The Chief of the General Staff is appointed directly by the Emperor and is under his direct orders. INSPECTOR-GENERAL OF TRAINING. The Inspector-General is immediately under the Emperor and is in supreme charge of the training of the army, including the Military Academy and the training-schools of the various arms, except the flying-schools. The inspectors of cavalry, artillery, engineers and train are responsible for the instruction of their respective arms. ORGANISATION AND COMPOSITION OF THE ARMY. 1 The armed forces of Japan include the land army and the navy, and are directly under the Emperor. 1 1937.
JAPAN 549 Japan has no separately organised air forces; there are air forces forming an integral part of the army and of the navy. i. Higher Units. 17 divisions (including i Imperial body-guard division). 4 brigades of cavalry. 4 brigades of heavy artillery. A division generally consists of 2 infantry brigades, i cavalry regiment, i engineer battalion and i commissariat battalion. To some larger divisions a tank corps, a mountain artillery regiment or a heavy field artillery regiment is attached, while a few others include a full cavalry brigade, a regiment of transport or an antiaircraft regiment. 2. Arms and Services. Infantry. 70 regiments. 2 tank -corps. An infantry regiment consists of 3 battalions and a machine-gun corps, and an infantry battalion of 3 companies of 150 men each and a machine-gun section. A company is subdivided into three sections. Cavalry. 25 regiments (of 2 or 3 squadrons each). Eight of these regiments are organised into four independent cavalry brigades, while the remaining seventeen are attached one to each of the divisions. Artillery. Field artillery : 15 regiments. Heavy field artillery : 8 regiments. Heavy coastal artillery : 3 regiments and 8 groups. Mountain artillery : 4 regiments and i group. Anti-aircraft artillery : i regiment and I corps. Horse artillery : 4 groups. On peace strength, a field artillery regiment consists of 6 batteries each equipped with four guns. Engineers. 17 battalions of pioneers. 2 railway regiments. 2 telegraph regiments.
550.I APAN Air Force. 9 regiments (ii reconnaissance squadrons, ii fighting squadrons, 4 bombing squadrons and one balloon group). AIR MATERIAL (1935). Fixed number of aeroplanes supplied... 25 Besides the foregoing, an increase of approximately 300 aeroplanes for military service is contemplated. The above figures do not include school machines. The Army has seventeen fortresses at places of strategic importance in different parts of Japan proper and its dependencies. At each of these fortresses, a heavy artillery regiment or battalion is stationed, and in some cases an air force detachment. POLICE FORCES. i. Metropolitan Area. State Police. The State police is in each department under the orders of a prefect (inspector-general of police for the department of Tokio). The central Government is responsible for the general administration and inspection of the police. The approximate strength of the State police (October 1932) is 66,ooo-viz., 300 inspectors, 1,700 commissioners, 3,200 deputy commissioners and 60,8o00 constables. The State police are armed with sabres. Revolvers are not included in the regulation equipment, but instruction is given in their use. The police are recruited by voluntary engagement for a period of five years. They receive training for individual service and in the use of individual arms (sabres and revolvers). This training is given by the physical training and other instructors chosen from among the police N.C.O.s. Military Gendarmerie. The military gendarmerie comes under the administrative jurisdiction of the Ministry of War; it is placed under the direction of the Minister of the Interior and the Minister of Justice for the purposes of service relating to the maintenance of order and judicial police requirements. The approximate strength of the military gendarmerie is 2,200 (in I936). The gendarmes are armed with revolvers and sabres. They possess no collective arms. The gendarmes are recruited by the voluntary engagement of N.C.O.s and men from the army. The nature and duration of contracts and obligations for N.C.O.s are similar to those applicable to officers and N.C.O.s of the army. The term of contract for gendarmes is four years (including service performed in the army). Gendarmes attend courses in military, administrative and judicial police duties, and are trained in the use of individual arms (revolver and sabre). The training of recruits is given by the N.C.O.s of the gendarmerie and by civilian teachers. 2. Oversea Territories. (May 9th, 1933.) i. Korea Police Force. The Korea police force is under the jurisdiction of the civil Governor. Its approximate strength is I8,ooo. The police are armed with revolvers. There are also io machine-guns in store.
JAPAN 551 2. Formosa Police Force. The Formosa police force is under the jurisdiction of the civil Governor. Its approximate strength is 7,500. The Formosa police are armed with sabres. The material in store consists of a few machine-guns and 6,500 carbines. 3. Police Force of the Kwantung Leased Territory. This police force, which is under the jurisdiction of the civil Governor, has an approximate strength of 3,500, armed with revolvers and, when necessary, rifles. The material in store consists of a few machine-guns. 4. Saghalien Police Force. The Saghalien police force, which is under the jurisdiction of the civil Governor, has an approximate strength of 500, armed with sabres. 5. Police Force of the Equatorial Islands under Mandate. The police force of the equatorial islands under mandate, which is under the jurisdiction of the civil Governor, has an approximate strength of 500, armed with rifles or revolvers. 6. Gendarmerie. The gendarmerie has one headquarters in Korea, a second in Formosa and a third in Ihe Kwantung territory ; the approximate strength is I,5oo, armed with 'revolvers and sabres (with carbines or rifles, if required). The oversea police forces receive training for individual service and in the use of individual arms. The police are recruited by voluntary engagement for periods of three to five years (four years for the gendarmerie), including service performed in the army. RECRUITING SYSTEM AND PERIOD OF SERVICE. Military service is compulsory from the age of 17 to the age of 40. The service is divided as follows : standing army, consisting of active service forces and the first reserve; second reserve ; replacement service and territorial service. PERIOD OF SERVICE. Category of service Duration Age ctive service Army.. 2 from 20 to 21 Standing ) Na vy. o20 to 22 Standing Farmy irst reserve Army.. /3 2 to 26 FNavy. 4 23 to 26 Second reserve... 27 Navy v ji 27 t to 3I 3 Replacement service... 71... 20 to 3 Territorial service.. 24 I 7 to 40 Those who are fit for active service are enrolled by lottery, at each conscription district, for active service or first or second replenishment reserve. (Volunteer enrolments for active service are accepted.) Those having finished the period of active service are placed on the first reserve list for terms as stated above. At the end
552 JAPAN of such terms they are removed to the second reserve, and then finally to the national service. Those who have gone through the period of replenishment reserve service are also transferred to the national service. By virtue of a revision of the conscription law in I927, the active service of conscripts who have finished the course of a Seinen Kunrenjo (Young Men's Training Institute) is reduced by six months, while that of the graduates from normal schools by nineteen months. The term of active service for graduates of middle schools and highergrade schools who have received full military training while at school has been reduced to I2 months for the former and Io months for the latter. Volunteers. The number of volunteers who are from 17 to 20 years of age was 25,891 in 1935, 13,926 of whom were allowed to enter the active service. Examination for Conscription. Total number examined I928... 568,796 1929... 585,819 1930......... 595,505 I931..... 619,146 1932... 621,844 1933...... 63I,099 i934......... 641,969 '935..... 633,886 1936....630,802 RECRUITMENT OF OFFICERS AND N.C.O.s. Officers of all arms are selected either from cadet-officers leaving the single Military Academy or from N.C.O.s who have been admitted to and have passed through the same school. Non-commissioned officers of all arms are recruited from men who have passed through the non-commissioned officers' schools. ARMY EDUCATION. Schools providing instruction in military affairs are of three categories, as follows: i. Those under the authority of the Department of Military Education : Artillery and Engineering School. Infantry School. Cavalry School. Field Artillery School. Heavy Field Artillery School. Engineers' School. Signallers' School. Mechanical Transport School. Toyama School. Military Academy. Military Preparatory School. 4 Non-Commissioned Officers' Schools.
JAPAN 553 2. The Staff College (Tokio City) under the direct control of the General Staff. 3. Those under the control of various bureaux of the Ministry of War: Tokorozawa Flying School. Akeno Flying School. Shimoshizu Flying School. Engineering School. Intendance School. Army Medical School. Army Veterinary School. Gendarmerie Training School. The Flying School at Tokorozawa is to give necessary training to military fliers as to how to handle and repair an aeroplane and its engine, besides a knowledge of the materials of which aeroplanes and engines are constructed. This school is opened to civilian students. The Flying School at Shimoshizu is to teach aerial photography, aerial communications and reconnoitring. The Akeno Flying School gives courses to army pilots on aerial warfare, handling of machine-guns on an aeroplane and also on the construction of aerial weapons. EFFECTIVES. In 1936, there were about 250,000 officers, N.C.O.s and men. MILITARY STATUTE OF THE ISLANDS UNDER JAPANESE MANDATE. Area.2,i49 Population (X. I936).. I07,000 sq. km. The Islands under Japanese mandate belong to category " C " of the mandated territories, which are administered under the laws of the Mandatory as integral portions of its territory. According to Article 4 of the mandate, the military training of the natives, otherwise than for purposes of internal police and the local defence of the territory, is prohibited. Furthermore, no military or naval bases can be established or fortifications erected in the territory. The maintenance of peace and order in the territory is placed exclusively in the hands of the police. The strength of the police force at the end of June 1933 was 229 units, including police inspectors, police sergeants, European and native policemen. By virtue of the " Rules for the Control of Guns and Gunpowder ", promulgated in 1922, no natives are permitted to possess or use guns or gunpowder for any purpose whatever.
554 JAPAN In the mandated territory, no one has so far been granted permission to manufacture guns or explosives. The guns existing in the territory are very few in number, nearly all of which are used for hunting purposes, and only a few are possessed for self-protection, and explosives are chiefly used either in engineering work or in hunting. Whenever needed, they are imported from Japan by official permission.' II. Navy. NAVAL AUTHORITIES, PERSONNEL, ETC. The naval authorities consist of: The Minister (admiral). One Parliamentary and one Permanent Vice-Minister (vice-adm.) and the following Bureaux: Combatant Services ; Personnel ; Supplies; Construction ; Education ; Engineering ; Medical; Finance ; Law. There is also an Admirals' Council consisting of five members, and a Naval Staff Board consisting of one admiral and one vice-admiral. Schools : Naval Staff College; Cadets' School; engineering, medical, navigation, gunnery, torpedo, submarine, surgery and paymaster schools. Naval Ports. The coast of Japan is divided into three naval districts, each having its naval port-i.e., Yokosuka, Sasebo and Kure. At each of these ports there is a naval command, with an arsenal, a marine corps and other provisions necessary for a naval base. Besides, there are strategic ports at Maizuru, Ominado and Chinhai (Chosen). NAVAL ARSENALS AND SHIPBUILDING. Each naval command has an arsenal provided with a shipbuilding yard and possesses a dry dock for accommodating large warships. The Yokosuka and Kure arsenals each have two slips, one capable of taking in super-dreadnoughts of over 40,000 tons, but the Sasebo and Maizuru arsenals are provided only with one slip for building cruisers and lesser ships. Besides the above there are private establishments approved by the navy. They are the Mitsubishi Shipyard at Nagasaki, Kawasaki Shipyard at Kobe and six others. The first two have capacity for building super-dreadnoughts. i These data are taken from the report of the Japanese Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the administration of the Islands in 1933.
JAPAN 555 SUPPLY OF BUILDING MATERIALS AT HOME. Japan is almost self-supporting as regards navy materials. Armour plates, rails, etc., are now turned out to the extent of about 190o,ooo tons a year at the Imperial Iron Works at Yawata, Kiushiu, the plates being also produced at the naval yard belonging to the Kure naval command. A steel works established in I903 at Muroran, Hokkaido, as a joint undertaking of the Hokkaido Colliery and Steamship Co. and Armstrong and Vickers, with the countenance of the navy, is devoted to manufacturing guns as well as commercial products. Siamese teak and Oregon pine are used for decks, while foreign oak and maple are used for decorative parts. Japanese " Zelkowa " oak also serves for the latter purpose. ACTIVE SERVICE PERSONNEL. Officers.-Besides the executive officers there are in the civil branch engineers, surgeons, pharmacists, hydrographers, and construction, mechanical and ordnance officers. The executive officers, engineers and paymasters are trained respectively at the Naval Academy, Engineering Academy and Paymasters' School. The other noncombatant officers are appointed from among the candidates who should be graduates of universities or other schools of similar grade. Petty and Warrant Officers-The former are appointed by selection from among the Ist-class seamen, and are of three classes,.while for the latter Ist-class petty officers are eligible. Warrant officers with not less than 5 years' meritorious active service may be commissioned and subsequently promoted as special service officers to the rank of Lieut.-Commander or even higher. THE NAVAL AIR FORCE. The Naval Air Force of Japan consists of (i) 71- aeroplane corps and i airship corps at Kasumigaura, 5 aeroplane corps at Yokosuka, 51 aeroplane corps at Tateyama, I~aeroplane corps at Sasebo, 2½ corps at Omura, ii corps at Kure, I½ corps at Saheki and I½ corps at Ominato; and (2) The aircraft-carriers proper, Kiaga, Akagi, Hosyo, Noloro, Ryuzyo, Kamnai and several other ships. The battle planes in use in the Naval Air Force are of type 3 and of another newer type recently adopted. The bombers and torpedo planes in use are of type I3.
556 JAPAN AIR MATERIAL (1931). (i) Aeroplanes attached to Coastal Flying Corps (exclusive of those for training and experimental purposes) Number... 472 Total horse-power... 350,370 The above figures include machines to be attached to the coastal flying corps now in course of organisation under the authorised expenditure. (2) Aeroplanes carried by aircraft-carriers and other warships: Number... 329 Total horse-power... 169,120 The above figures include machines which are being added till the fixed numbers are reached which are to be carried by aircraft-carriers and other warships. EFFECTIVES OF THE NAVAL FORCES. The personnel of the naval service, including the air force, for the three years ending I932 was as follows : Active service Reserve (ist and 2nd) Total 1930... 82,288 51,592 133,880 193I - I932..... 81,299 86,849 53,355 52,839 134,654 I39,688 NAVAL PROGRAMME. Ships to be built under Fleet Replenishment Law, I93I-I938. 4 cruisers of 8,500 tons. 12 destroyers of 1,400 tons. i submarine of 1,97o tons. 6 submarines of 1,300 tons. 2 submarines of 900 tons. I minelayer of 5,000 tons. 3 minelayers of 600 tons. 6 minesweepers of 600 tons.
JAPAN 557 Second Replenishment Law, I933. A further sum of 670,000,000 yen ( 67,000,000) has been asked for to be spread over a period of four years to cover the cost of building the following vessels in addition to those listed above: 2 cruisers of 8,500 tons. 6 submarines. 2 carriers of io,00o tons. 4 chasers. i minelayer. i submarine parent-ship. I4 destroyers. i repair ship. 4 torpedo boats. i tanker. In addition, a sum of 7,500,000 is asked for to cover the reconstruction of the Nagato, Mutu, Akagi and Kaga, and two cruisers, which will bring the total for the naval budget up to I24,000,000. The Second Replenishment Law also includes the strengthening of the Air Force (naval) by a further 8 squadrons between 1934-I938, giving a total of 31 squadrons in I938. io capital ships (battleships) : LIST OF UNITS. (I937.) Date (i) of Standard Dimensions Names the ships of launching; displace- (feet) H.P. Speed Armament 2 (number, (2) of entry ment Length (kts.) and calibre in inches) into service (tons) Beam Draught i o Nagato ii VIII 16, XX 5.5, VIII i. Nagato.. I919-20 32,720 95 23 5(A.A.), 5 VI vi tubes 2. Mutu 3.. 1920-21 30 (21). 683 XII I4, XVIII 5.5, 4. HIse g. I9I6-I8 29 990 942 450023 VIII 5 (A.A.), IV 4. KHyoga.. 1917-138 728 tubes (2i). 5. Hus6.. I9.. 94-I5 290 673 XII 14, XVI 6, VIII 5 6. Yamasr Yamasir~o Igx5-I7 29,330 94 40,000. I9I5-I7 (A.A.), II tubes (21). 7. Kong6 5.. I912-I3 ) 704 VIIII4, XVI 6, VIII 8. Harua.. 913-I5 29,330 92 64,000 26 5 (A.A.), IV tubes 9. Kirisima.. I9I3-15 27V (21). 6 o. Iiei 92 64,000 26 (A.A.), IV 3 (A.A.). 271.. I 9I2-I4 9,500 704 )(VI I4, XVI 6, IV 5 Four new battleships (of 35,000 tons) are projected, two of which were expected to be begun in 1937-2 Guns and torpedo-tubes. a Reconstructed 1934-36. 4 Haruna,Kirisima: 95 feet. " Completely rebuilt, 1935-36. Listed for training ship (de-militarised), is now being re-armed.
558 JAPAN 5 (+- I building') aircraft-carriers : Date (i) of Standard Dimensions Names of the ships launching; displace- (feet) H.P. Speed Armament 2 (number, (2) of entry ment Length H.P. (kts.) and calibre in inches) into service (tons) Beam Draught Hiryu. 937-10,050 68-60,000 30 XII (A.A.). (building) 61 I Soryu.... 1935-37 10,050 688½ 68 60,000ooo 30 XII 5 (A.A.). 16i 2. Ryfzy6 I931-33 7,100 548 60o 40,000 25 XII 5 (A.A.). 763 3. Akagi.. 1925-27 26,900 92 13I1200 28.5 X 8, XII 4.7 (A.A.). 7I5 211 5Io 5. Hosy6.. 1921-22 7,470 62 30,000 20o 25 IV 5.5, II 3 (A.A.). 40 (+ 2 building) cruisers: ist-class Cruisers. i. Atago.. 1930-32 I 2. Takao.. i o 32 65o X 8, IV 4.7 (A.A.), 3. Ty6kai.. 193132 9,850 62 I00,000 33 VIII tubes (2). 4. Maya.. 1930-32 I65 5. Nati.... 927-28 I 6. My6k6.. 1927-29 64 X 8, VIII 4.7 (A.A.), 7. Asigara.. 1928-29 0,0 2 00,000 33 VIII tubes (2). 8. Haguro.. 1928-29 i6i 9. Kinugasa.. 1926-27 595 VI 8, IV 4.7 (AA.), io. Aoba.... 1926-27 7,I00 5o 95,000 33 XII tubes (2I). I I41 ii. Kako... 1925-26 595VI, IV 4.7 (A.A.), 12. Hurutaka.. 1925-26 7,100 50 95,000 33 XII tubes (21). 357 (I io, II 8, IV 6, IV 13. Kasuga.. I902-04 7,080 61, 13,500 20ubes 099 o- li u40,5000 21 I 3, 3 (A.A.), IV tubes 452 IV 8, VIII 6, IV 3, I5. Yakumo.. 1899-9,010 641 15,5oo 20 II t (I II tubes (i8) i6. Idwae..89 - o o 68 I434,ooo 1900-01 9,180 681 i6,ooo IV8,VIII6,13 (A.A.), i27. Idu:m i qooaia 9^0V 20.75 3, IV tubes. Not including one unit (Koryu) reported to be projected for laying down in 1938. 2 Guns and torpedo-tubes. 3 Refitted 1935-36.
JAPAN 559 Date (i) of Standard Dimensions launching; displace- (feet) Length H. P. Speed Armament ' (number, and (2) of entry ment Beam (kts.) calibre in inches) into service (tons) Draught 2ind-Class Cruisers. Tone.. I937-8,500 6141 I Tikuma.... 8,450 63 90,000 33 XV6.I, VIII 5 (A.A.). (building) I4241 XII tubes (2I). i. Kumano.. 1936-37 6 V 2. Mikssmcea.. 3 6~XVS6.i, Viii5 (A.A.). 32. Mogm I934-35 8,500oo 591 90,000 33 XI tubes (21). 3. Mogarni tu ( 4. Suzuya.. 1934-37 6. Zint.. 1I923-25 5,195 461 90,000 33 VIIIt '. 7. Sendai 1923-24 i5 ft. Io in. 8. A bukuma.. 923-25 9. Kinu... I922-22.. io. ii. Yre Natori.. I922-23 5,I70 5465 461 90,000 33 VII 5-5, IT 3 (A.A.),. II5. Natori.. 5-22 9oooo 33 VIII tubes (2I). 12. Nagara.. I921-22 13. Isuzu.. 1921-23.. I4. Kiso.... 920-21 I5. Kitakami.. 1920-21 535 VII 5 I 3, VIII i6. Ooi.... 1920-21 5,1o00 461 90,000 33 tubs2) 17. Tama.. 1920-21 I51 ' 19. Ydbari'.. 1923-24 2,890 391 57Qob 435VI 33 5.5, I 3 (A.A.), IV 57,000 33 tubes (2I). 18. Kuma.. 1919-20: ' 468 20. Tatuta.. 1918-9 3,230 IV5.5, I 3 (A.A.), VI 21. Tery.. 1918-i9 3 51,000 tubes (21). 22. Yahagi. 1911-2 475 VIII 6, II 3, 113 (A.A.), Ha9 hg23.. OII-12 4,4000 23. Hirado.. 1911-12 4,400 7 III tubes (i8). 178 Guns and torpedo-tubes. i25 (+ 8 building) destroyers and torpedo-boats: Standard S Type Date of displace- Draught Speed Armament' (number, Type launching ment (feet) ' (kts.) and calibre in inches) ^z; (tons) ist-class Destroyers. o Asasio.... 936-37 I,5oo 9 39,000 34 VI 5, VIII tubes (21). io Sigure.... 935-37 I,368 91 38,000 34 V 5, VIII tubes (2I). 6 Hatuharu.. 932-34 1,368 81 37,000 34 V 5, VI tubes (21). 23 Hubuki... 1927-32 1,700 91 40,000 34 VI 5.1, IX tubes (21). 12 Mutueki.... 925-27 1,315 91-38,500 34 IV 4.7, VI tubes (2i). 9 Kamikaze.. 1922-25 1,270 9 i 38,500 34 IV 4.7, VI tubes (21). 13 Minekaze.. 2920-22 1,225 9i 38,500 34 IV 4.7, VI tubes (21). Guns and torpedo-tubes.
560 JAPAN Standard s Type Date of displace- Draught Speed Armament' number, launching ment (feet) H.P. (kts.) and calibre in inches) (tons) z4 2nd-Class Destroyers. 7 Wakatake.. 1922-23 820 81 17,500 31.5 III 4.7, IV tubes (21). 19 Kaya... 1919-22 770 8 17,500-31.5 III 4.7, IV tubes (21). 21,500 4 Momo.... 1916-17 755 71 16,ooo- 31.5 III 4.7, VI tubes (i8). 17,500 Torpedo-boats. 8... building 595 61 9,000 28 III 4.7, III tubes (21). 8 Otori.... 935-37 595 61 9,000 28 III 4.7, III tubes (21). 4 Tidori.... 1933 527 6 7,000 26 III 4.7, II tubes (21). 1 Guns and torpedo-tubes. 62 submarines: Standard p Tynp Date of displace- Draught Speed Armament I launching x ment (feet) H.P. (kts.) (number, and ~~3 (tons) ^on) ^ -' calibre in inches) z ist-class Submarines. 1,950 6,ooo 17 2 I 7-1 8.... 1935-36 2,600 i -- II 5.5, VI tubes (21). 1,900 6,oo0 17 i 6.... I934 15-15, VI tubes (21). 2,500 9 1,400 6,o00 20 5 I 71-1 75 I. I934-37 - 13 - I 4.7, VI tubes (21). 9 1,400 6,000 20 3 I 68-1 70.. 1933-34 13 - I 4, VI tubes (21). 9 1,955 6,000 17 I 15..3.. 1931 51o 15, VI tubes (21). 2,500 1,8oo 9 1,638 6,ooo 19 3 1 65, 66, 67.. 1931 i16-14, VI tubes (21). 2,100 O 1,955 6,000 17 4I - - 924-28 2,480 1 i,8oo 9 II 5.5, VI tubes (21). 1,635 6,ooo 19 12 I 53-64.... 1925-29 16 - I 4.7, VIII tubes (21). 2,00 1 i,8oo 9 1,390 6,000 I9 1152... 11922 17 I8 14.7, VIII tubes (21). 1,390 5,200 17 I I 51.. 1921 2,000 5 I - I 4.7, VIII tubes (21). 1,142 2,400 14 4 I 21-24... 1926-27 I4o ioo I 5.5, IV tubes (21). 1,470 1,200 9.5 I For 2nd class: date of completion. * Guns and torpedo-tubes. 3 Three units have only VI tubes.
JAPAN 56i Standard Type Date of displace- Draught Speed launching' ment Armament (feet) H... (numer, and -^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (tons) ~calibre in inches) 2nd-Class Submarines. 700 2,600 i6 2 Ro. 33-34 - 1I934-35' I 2 - I3,(A.A.),IVtubes(2i). 988 2,400 i6 9 R. 6o-68 1923-27 I.. I,3o o 0o 13 1,8o - 13, VI tubes (21). 889-893 2,400 17 8 Ro. 51, 53-59.. 1920-23 1,o82 3 200 I3(A.A),VI tubes(8).4 1,2-oo 9 3(A'A.)Vltubes(i8' 746 2,600 16 3 Ro. 26-28.. 1922-24 1,000 i I2 1 7 I 3 3(A.A.),IVtubes(21). (2 ). 1,200 9 655 1,200 13 3 Ro. 30-32.. 1924-27 162 1I47,- I 3-pdr., IV tubes 1,000 1,200 10 (21). I For 2nd class : date of completion. 2 Guns and torpedo-tubes. ' Date of launching. 4 For four units; the remaining four have IV tubes (21). SUMMARY TABLE OF NAVAL UNITS. Number Tonnage Artillery ' Vessels Vessels Guns Torpedo-tubes ~Type ~Numher In ' sinr To- In iser- [ Build- ]tal service Total ing s ie er To- (battle vice - tal v Capital ships (battleships) Io Io 29,570 291,5710 i6 61-6 36-36 78-7814 96-96 6 76-76 5.5 76-76 5 Aircraft- 3 carriers 5 i 6 78,420 10,050 88,470 20 208 4 4 5.5 24 12 36 5 28-28 4.7 Cruisers.. 40 2 42 275,145 i6,950 292,095 2 23 I I Io 312 24 336 122-122 8 60 30 90 6. 52-52 6 112-112 5.5 32 16 48 5 64-64 4-7 Not including guns under 3-inch. 65-65 3
562 JAPAN Number Tonnage Artillery Type Vessels Vessels Guns Torpedo-tubes ~~~~~~~~a)- In Number b~ In In To- In Build- In t- a stotal I;S 1 Tovevice ~ tal service ing sero Total vice ;j vice B service vice Destroyers and torpedoboats.. 25 8 133 49,251 4,760 154,011 138-138 5.1 767 24 791 I40-140 5 262 24 286 4.7 Submarines 62 -- 62 80,284-80,284 i6-16 5.5 362-362 2 2 5 22 22 4.7 6-6 4 22 22 3 Total.. 242 II 253 874,670 31,760 906,4301,540 82 1,622 1,477 48 1,525 Not including guns under 3 inch. III. Budget Expenditure on National Defence. The financial year covers the period from April ist to March 3Ist. 1933-34 1934-35 1935-36 1936-37 1937-38 1938-39 Closed accounts Estimates Army Yen (ooo,ooo's).ordinary...... 166.5 i68.8 179.9 217.8 Extraordinary.... 296.2 289.7 316.7 510.2 Navy Total army..... 462.7 458.5 496.6 510.7 728.0 566.5 Ordinary..... 179.0 99.4 216.5 274.0 Extraordinary... 230.9 283.9 319.9. 409.2 Total navy..... 409.9 483.3 536.4 567.5 683.2 680.3 Grand total: Army and navy.. 872.6 941.8 1,033.0 1,078.2 1,411.2 1,246.8 Index numbers of: WVholesale prices.(i929/30=ioo).. 84 84 88 98 114 116' Retail prices : Cost of living (i929/30= oo )... 83 84 87 92 ioi 1122 1 April, 1938. 2 Average, April-May 1938.
JAPAN 563 NOTES.-i. The figures given above refer to the defence expenditure in the general account only. No details regarding the special accounts are available. 2. The figures above do not include the special extraordinary credits occasioned by the North China events, amounting for 1937-38 to 2,559.9 million yen and for 1938-39 to 4,850 million yen, which are to be covered partly by the yield of supplementary taxes and partly by the proceeds of loans. 3. Military pensions are not included in the above figures.