Standards US History 26-30
Causes of World War I MAIIN Militarism Alliance System Imperialism Industrialism Nationalism
Militarism Increasing emphasis on a country s military Arms Race Countries begin to compete to see who can build the most powerful military
Militarism. New technologies and industrialization leads to mass production of new weapons Poison Gas Machine Guns Tanks Also begin to plan for what to do in the case of war
Alliance System Central Powers Defensive Alliance Countries involved would come to each other s defense should one be attacked Linked Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy Russia Originally on the Triple Alliance s side but drifts to the Triple Entente
Alliance System. Allied Powers Britain, France, and Russia Was not a defensive alliance Informal Alliance
Growth of Nationalism An INTENSE form of Patriotism Nationalists saw their own countries as superior and looked toward other countries with hostility Governments willing to go to the brink of war to protect their national honor Citizens ready to die for their country
The Assassination Archduke Francis Ferdinand killed by Gavrilo Princip Heir to the throne of Austria- Hungary goes to inspect troops in Sarajevo Sarajevo was a city in Bosnia, part of the Austro- Hungarian empire Contained a large population of Serbians
Central vs. Allies Allies possessed greater manpower, industrial strength, and access to resources Central powers needed a quick war not a long drawn out war if they were to have a chance to win
Bloody Deadlock Short war illusion starts to fade Both sides dig in Create an opposing system of trenches Began to try and break through each others lines by using direct assaults New and improved weapons made this a suicide mission
Trench Warfare Both sides dug in to avoid machine gun fire Resulted in trench warfare No Man s Land Unoccupied land between opposing trenches that no one controlled Barbed Wire Mud Commonly used to defend positions Constantly a problem because of the wet climate
US Enters the War President Woodrow Wilson tried to keep America out of the War Factors leading America to war 1. Zimmerman Note 2. Sinking of the Lusitania (128 Americans killed) 3. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Zimmerman Note Arthur Zimmerman German Foreign Secretary Sends note to German ambassador in Mexico Proposed an alliance with Mexico if the US abandons neutrality Promised to return land the US had taken to Mexico Britain may have made up the Zimmerman telegram to help influence the US to join in on WWI
US During the War. Sedition Act of 1918 Became a crime to speak out, write, or engage in any activity contradictory to the government s war efforts Pacifist and Socialists spoke out against the war and were jailed Eugene Debs
Schenk vs. United States 1991 Charles Schenk was convicted of violating Espionage Act of 1917 he was distributing pamphlets urging men to resist the military draft Schenk thought the First Amendment protected him However Supreme Court held up his conviction saying that Free speech has its limits Clear and Present Danger to well being.can t run into a theater and yell Fire
US During the War.. Participation in war effort seen as patriotic Victory Gardens Price Controls Rationing Liberty Bonds Herbert Hoover
US During the war Herbert Hoover- Future US President became head of the Food Administration Set prices high for wheat and other foodstuffs to encourage farmers to increase production
Creel Committee George Creel appointed to director of Committee of Public Information(CPI) Job was to sell Americans on going to War and keep public opinion positive examples of this to portray Germans and as wicked and cruel in Political Cartoons
John J. Pershing and the American Expeditionary Force Pershing was commander of the American forces in Europe his skill in doing so help the Allied powers win the war Doughboys- American Soldier nickname during WWI they were called this because of the style of their uniform Alvin York- One of America s greatest war heroes from Tennessee was decorated with the Congressional Medal of honor for his heroics
End of the War Germans Surrender November 11, 1918 at 11 AM Eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month The war cost 8 million lives 20 million people were wounded Treaty of Versailles ends the Great War
Treaty of Versailles The Big Four David Lloyd George Britain Clemenceau France Woodrow Wilson America Orlando Italy Met to decide the fate of Germany at Versailles
Treaty of Versailles. Wilson s 14 Points Wilson s view on how the world should be set up 14 th point provided for the creation of the League of Nations Meeting place where all nations could come to discuss problems
Treaty of Versailles.. War Guilt Clause Germany had to admit that it was totally responsible for the war Also made to make REPARATION PAYMENTS Used to pay for the damage the war had caused
Treaty of Versailles America never joins the League of Nations Reparation payments were too high and led to Germany becoming insanely poor Wheelbarrows of money needed to buy bread Terms of the Treaty of Versailles leads directly to World War II