GERMANY GENERAL Area 2... 2 4 7 0, 6 2 8 s q. k m. Population (1925).... 63,318,753 Density per sq. km.... I34-I Length of land frontiers 5,944 km. Seaboard... 1,733 km. Length of railway system (xii. 1929) 58,382 km. I. Army. A. SUPREME MILITARY AUTHORITY AND ITS ORGANS The President of the Reich is the supreme head of all the land and sea forces. Under his orders the Minister of National Defence of the Reich exercises actual command over all the armed forces. The Ministry of National Defence comprises two subdivisions : the commands of the army and the navy. The army command is under the orders of a general and the navy under those of an admiral. These general officers act as military advisers to the Minister. I. MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENCE. There is at the immediate disposal of the Minister a secretariat consisting of the following five sections : (i) The Minister's adjutantur. (2) General Military and Naval Service. (3) Section of Preservation.. (4) Section of Legal Questions (including ecclesiastical affairs) and of disputed claims. (5) Budget Section. II. ARMY COMMAND (Heeresleitung). The Army Command includes the following five branches I. - Personnel Branch. Personnel services; questions concerning army officers. 1 See Military, Naval and Air Clauses of the Treaty of Versailles (Annex I). 2 Including the Saar Basin (area : 1,91o sq. km.; population : 770,000).
GERMANY 473 This Bureau is divided into 3 Departments: (i) Personnel Department No. I, dealing with officers ; a Quarters Section is attached to this Department. (2) Personnel Department No. 2, dealing with questions of discipline, complaints, etc. (3) Personnel Department dealing with officers of the Ministry of National Defence, and with military schools. II. - Troops Branch, for the study of military questions. This office is composed of 4 Sections : (i) Army Section. (2) Military Organisation Section. (3) Military Statistics Section. (4) Military Training Section. III. - General Army Service Office. (i) General Service. (2) Service of Pensions and of Special Training Schools for soldiers wishing to take up a civilian occupation. (3) Army Inspection of Infantry. (4) Army Inspection of Cavalry. (5) Army Inspection of Artillery. (6) Army Inspection of Engineers and Fortresses. (7) Army Inspection of Communications Troops. (8) Army Inspection of Signal Troops. (9) Army Inspection of Medical Service. (io) Army Inspection of Veterinary Service. IV. - Military Administration Office. The Military Administration consists of 5 Sections (i) Military Officials. (2) Barracks and Training Grounds. (3) Accountancy and Pay. (4) Supplies and Clothing. (5) Works. V. - Armaments Office. Supply of arms and military material. This Office consists of 3 Sections: (i) Purchases Section. (2) Experimental Section. (3) Administrative Section. The Inspection of Army Schools is under the direct orders of the Army Command. B. TERRITORIAL MILITARY AREAS (Wehrkreise), FORTIFICATIONS AND DEMILITARISED ZONES. (i) Territorial Military Divisions. The territory is divided into 7 military areas, corresponding to the 7 infantry divisions: K6nigsberg, Stettin, Berlin, Dresden, Stuttgart, Miinster and Munich. (2) Fortifications. The fortifications on the western frontier, of the Helgoland and the western part of the Baltic Sea have been dismantled.
474 GERMANY The system of fortified works on the eastern and southern frontiers must be maintained in the state in which they were at the time of the coming into force of the Treaty of Versailles. There are, under the Army, 9 Commands of fortresses, 8 of which are dismantled. Number of Number of Place Military Area Place Military Area Breslau.... III. K6nigsberg (Pr.). I. Ktistrin... III. L6tzen.... I. Glatz... III. Marienburg... I. Glogau... III. Ulm... V. Ingolstadt.... VII. Of these fortresses, one only, K6nigsberg, is authorised to have artillery (38 guns, including i6 anti-aircraft guns, with a limited number of rounds). (3) Army Training Grounds. The following army training grounds are in use: Altengrabow, Arys, Doeberitz, Grafenwoehr, Hammerstein, Jiiterborg (for artillery), Koenigsbrueck, Muensingen, Munster, Neuhammer, Ohrdruf, Senne, Kummersdorf, Klausdorf (for engineers). (4) Demilitarised Zones. The territory lying west of the Rhine and a zone 50 km. vwide east of the Rhine have been demilitarised. Germany is not allowed to have fortifications in that zone, or to keep or assemble armed forces there, whether permanently or temporarily, or to carry out military manoeuvres or maintain material facilities for mobilisation there. In order to ensure perfect freedom of access to the Baltic for all States within the zone between latitudes 550 27' North and 540 oo' North and longitude 90 oo' and 16 o oo' East of Greenwich, Germany may not construct any fortifications or set up artillery commanding the maritime routes between the North Sea and the Baltic. The Kiel Canal and the means of access thereto will remain free and open, on a footing of perfect equality, to warships and merchantmen of all States at peace with Germany. C. HIGHER UNITS The German army is divided into 2 Group Commands (Gruppenkommando). The first Group Command contains 4 divisions and 2 cavalry divisions; the second, 3 divisions and i cavalry division. In all there are therefore 7 divisions and 3 cavalry divisions. Each division consists of 3 regiments of infantry, i regiment of artillery, i pioneer battalion ; i signal section, i motor transport section, i horse transport section and i medical section. Each cavalry division is composed of 6 regiments and i group of horse artillery (3 batteries). There are no army troops.
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476 GERMANY The maintenance or formation of forces differently grouped or of other organisations for the command of troops or for preparation for war is forbidden. All measures of mobilisation or appertaining to mobilisation are forbidden. Formations, administrative services or staffs must not include supplementary cadres. There is no general staff. D. ARMS AND SERVICES Infantry. The infantry consists of 21 regiments of 4 battalions each, one of which is an instructional battalion. Regiments consist of i6 companies, including one trench-mortar company, 3 machine guns and 3 instructional companies. The infantry armament does not include artillery, nor are there any tanks or special machine-gun or cyclist formations. Cavalry. The cavalry consists of i8 regiments of 4 squadrons each. There are also i8 depot squadrons and 7 squadrons acting as divisional cavalry. Artillery. The artillery consists of 7 regiments of 3 groups of 3 batteries each. There are also 7 instructional batteries and 3 groups of horse artillery. The artillery is armed with 77 mm. guns and Io5 mm. howitzers, but there is no other medium or heavy artillery or rail or anti-aircraft artillery. Engineers. The engineers are composed of 7 battalions of pioneers. Each battalion consists of 2 companies, a searchlight section and a pontoon company. There are no railway engineer units. Air Force. Under the terms of the Treaty of Peace, Germany is not allowed any military, land or naval air force. Train. Consists of 14 groups: 7 horse-drawn and 7 motor-drawn. Medical Service: 7 groups. Communications Troops: 7 groups. I Veterinary Experimental Station, Berlin. 3 Military Lehrschmieden (Berlin, Hanover and Munich). I Engineering Workshop (Sch6neberg). Arsenals and Munition Factories. There are 3 arsenals. Military munitions are manufactured only by certain civil factories specified under the Treaty of Versailles. Their output is restricted. Material. The quantity of arms and munitions allowed is prescribed by the Treaty of Versailles. It is forbidden to establish any other stocks, depots or reserves of munitions.
GERMANY 477 E. SUMMARY TABLE OF COMMANDS AND UNITS. W ^ Battalions Squadrons Companies Batteries o Infantry... 7 63 21 273 63 Cavalry... 3 I8 I8 - - 79 -. - - Artillery...- 7- -.- 241 72 Engineers 7... _- - 7 - - 4 - - - Train... I4 2 Medical Service.... - - 7 Communications Troops... 7 Total.... o 46 70 21 79 8 287 63 5272 7 a Including 3 groups of horse artillery. 2 Horse-drawn and motor-drawn. 91 97 350 79 F. RECRUITING SYSTEM Universal compulsory military service was abolished by the Treaty ot Versailles. The German army may only be constituted and recruited by means of voluntary enlistment. All persons wishing to adopt a military career must enlist for a period of 12 consecutive years in the army or navy of the Reich. Non-commissioned officers and privates must, in principle, be discharged at the expiration of their term of service of 12 years. Not later than three months before the day of their discharge they must be informed of the intention to discharge them; otherwise the contract will be regarded as prolonged for one year unless the soldier claims his discharge. Should the exigencies of the service demand that they should not be immediately discharged at the end of their twelfth year, soldiers may be kept under the colours beyond their term of enlistment by a decision of the Ministry of National Defence of the Reich. During their term of service of I2 years, non-commissioned officers and privates may, if particularly serious reasons exist, apply through their superiors for the cancellation of their contract before its expiration. The Government has the right of cancelling contracts under certain conditions. Under Versailles the Treaty the proportion of of non-commissioned officers and men leaving the service before the expiration of their term of enlistment may not in any one year exceed 5 per cent of the maximum effectives of non-commissioned officers and men. Officers. - Any member of the land and sea forces may be appointed to the highest ranks according to his capacities and services. Before being granted a commission, the candidate must undertake in writing to serve as an officer for at least 25 consecutive years. If the candidate, on the date of being granted his commission, has served more than 4 years, this period of service shall be counted in his new period of enlistment.
478 GERMANY At the expiration of the period for which he has enlisted, an officer may ask to be placed finally on the retired list, and this request must be granted unless the exigencies of the service are against his immediate release, In certain cases the contract of an officer may be terminated before the expiration of his period of enlistment (if the officer no longer possesses the physical or intellectual aptitude or the necessary qualifications for the exercise of his profession, or if the private circumstances of the officer have materially changed). In the army of the Reich the proportion of officers and military officials having the rank of officers who leave the service before the expiration of their term of enlistment must not, under the Treaty of Versailles, exceed in any one year 5 per cent of the maximum effectives of officers and military officials. ARMY SCHOOLS. There are 4 Army Schools (under the direction of the Ministry of National Defence - Inspection of Army Schools): Infantry School at Dresden; Cavalry School at Hanover; Artillery School at Jitterbog; Engineering School at Munich. Under the Treaty of Versailles all other schools - military academies for the training of staff officers or schools for non-commissioned officers or student officers - are forbidden. Under the Treaty of Versailles the preparatory military training of youths is forbidden, and there must be no collaboration between the military authorities and universities, schools, etc. Educational establishments, the universities, societies of discharged soldiers, shooting or touring clubs and, generally speaking, associations of every description, whatever be the age of their members, must not concern themselves with any military matters. In particular, they are forbidden to instruct or exercise their members or to allow them to be instructed or exercised in the profession or use of arms. G. BUDGETARY EFFECTIVES (I930) i. Off0//icers. Groups r l Total o.q V Infantry.....- 21 112 497 882 1,512 Cavalry.... 8 36 I33 408 595 Artillery.-... - 7 31 148 403 589 Engineers......... - 7 28 42 77 Communications Troops...- - - - 7 2I 49 77 Train... I--4 1 56 91 I6I Medical Corps... 7 I4 42 63 Special... 3 I4 25 59 356 225 42 724 Medical and Veterinary Officers. - i 3 14 133 214 I28 493 Total Officers... 3 15 28 119 703 1,336 2,087 4,291
GERMANY 479 2. Non-Commissioned Officers and Men. Non- Commissioned Privates Total Officers Infantry.. 10,542 40,635 5I,I77 Cavalry... 2,932 I2,464 I5,396 Artillery... 2,23 8,007 10,238 Pioneers... 70oo 2,093 2,793 Communications Troops... 532 1,54-7 2,079 Train... 1,260 4,312 5,572 Medical Corps.. 866 1,927 2,793 Special Corps... 1,817 3,035 4,852 Total... 20,880 74,020 94,900 3. Total of Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and Men. Officers.... 4,29 Non-Commissioned Officers 20,880 Privates... 74,020 Total... 99,19I. Number of Animals in the Army.... 41,225 BUDGETARY EFFECTIVES FOR 1931. Officers.... 3,798 Non-Commissioned Officers and Men. 94,900 Total... 98,698 Number of Animals... 40,446 SECURITY POLICE (Schutzpolizei). The Security Police (Schutzpolizei) is not under the Reich but under the various: States. It has no connection with the military organs and does not receive military training. Employees and officials such as Customs officers, forest guards and coastguards may not be assembled for military training. II. Navy. A. NAVAL COMMAND, PERSONNEL, etc. The Naval Command is divided as follows : i. Staff of the Naval Command. 2. Naval Command Office, including: (a) Naval Defence Section; (b) Fleet Section; (c) Training Section.
480 GERMANY 3. General Naval Office, including (a) Arsenals Section; (b) Armament Section; (c) Navigation Section; (d) Ports Service Section. 4. Administration Office. 5. Health Service Section. 6. Naval Construction Section. 7. Section for questions relating to naval officers. 2. The following are under the authority of the Naval Command: i. The Fleet Command, including (a) The North Sea naval forces; (b) The Baltic naval forces. 2. The North Sea Naval Station. 3. The Baltic Sea Naval Station. 4. The Naval Training Inspectorate. 5. The Torpedo and Mines Inspectorate. 6. The Naval Artillery Inspectorate.. 7. The Naval Depots Inspectorate. 8. The Arsenals. The following are under the authority of the North Sea Naval Station: (a) The Coast Defence Commands of Wilhelmshaven, Borkum and Cuxhaven. (b) The 2nd, 4 th and 6th Naval Artillery Sections. (c) The North Sea Nucleus Crews Division. The following are under the authority of the Baltic Sea Naval Station: (a) The Coast Defence Commands of Pillau and Swinemiinde. (b) The Ist, 3rd and 5th Naval Artillery Sections. (c) The Baltic Sea Nucleus Crews Division. The total personnel of the Navy, including the manning of the fleet and the various land services must not, according to the Treaty of Versailles, exceed i5,ooo, including officers and warrant officers, the total strength of whom must not exceed I,5oo. Their recruitment and period of service is the same as in the Army. According to the Treaty of Versailles, the German warships intended for replacement purposes may not exceed the following displacement : Armoured ships... Io,ooo tons. Light cruisers... 6,000 o Destroyers... 800 oo Torpedo boats... 200 The construction or acquisition of any submarine, even for commercial purposes, or of any naval air forces, is forbidden in Germany.
GERMANY 481 B. BUDGETARY EFFECTIVES OF THE NAVY (1930). Officers Officers Admiof the of Ranks and duties Officers Medical ships' the Warrant Officers Seamen nistrate Pay- Total Service company Officers Naval officers......698 698 Naval engineer officers. I72 - - - I - I72 Officers of the Medical Service.... 98 Officers of the ships' company, warrant officers, seamen...- 200 3,815 9,933-13,948 Naval paymasters.... 8i 8i Administrative officers. - - - - - 3 3 Total... 870 98 200 3,815 9,933 3 8i I5,ooo C. LIST OF UNITS (1930). NOTE. - The first date in brackets gives the date of the launching of the ship; the second that of its completion. The dash - signifies that the construction has not yet been completed or that the date of completion is not known. Battleships x: Ersatz Preussen (Building). Laid down: September 1928. Standard displacement: io,ooo tons. Guns: 6 i i-inch; 8 6-inch; 6 3.4-inch; 6 torpedo-tubes (19.7-inch) above water. i. Hannover (i905-07) Displacement : 13,200 tons. Length 413 feet. 2. Schleswig-Holstein Beam 724/5 feet. Mean draught 251/4 feet. H.P. (1906-08) I7,000 = i8 kts. Guns : 4 ii-inch; 14 5.9-inch; 3. Schlesien (1906-08) (Hannover, 6.7-inch); 20 3.4-inch; 2 3-inch; 2 2. 4 -inch; 2 light depth-charge throwers; 5 torpedo-tubes (i9.7-inch). 4. Braunschweig (1902-04) Displacement: 13,200 tons. Length 413 feet. 5. Elsass (1903-04) Beam 72 4/ feet. Mean draught 25 1/ feet. 6. Lothringen (1904-05) H.P. i6,ooo = i8 kts. Guns: 4 II-inch; 14 7. Hessen (1903-05) 6.7-inch; x8 3.4-inch; 2 3-inch; 2 2.4-inch; 2 light depth-charge throwers; 5 torpedo-tubes (19.7-inch). Cruisers 1 : Leipzig (Building). Standard displacement : 6,000 tons. Length 544 feet. Beam 52.6 feet. Draught 15.5 feet. H.P. 72,000 = 32 kts. i. Koln (1928-29) Standard displacement: 6,ooo tons. Length 555 2. Konigsberg (1927-29) feet. Beam 50 feet. Mean draught i7. 7 feet. H.P. 3. Karlsruhe (1927-29) 65,000 = 32 kts. Guns: 9 5.9-inch ; 4 3.5-inch; i 3-inch; I 2 3 / 8 -inch; 2 light depth-charge throwers; 12 torpedo-tubes (19.7-inch). For the material in reserve, see on the next page the summary table of naval units. In the case of battleships, some of the lighter armament has not been embarked, as a provisional arrangement, to allow more room for the accommodation of the crew. 31
482 GERMANY 4. Ermden (1925-25) Standard displacement: 6,o000o metric tons. Length 483.8 feet. - Beam 473/4 feet Draught (mean) 17 1/4 feet. H.P. 46,500 = 29 kts. Guns : 8 5.9-inch; 4 3.5-inch; I 3-inch; I 2.6-inch; 2 light depth-charge throwers; 8 torpedo-tubes (5o-cm.) 5. Hamburg (1903-04) Displacement: 3,650 tons. Dimensions: 362.6 X 6. Berlin (1903-05) 43.3 x I6.4 feet (maximum draught). H.P. Io,ooo = 22 kts. Guns : Io 4.I-inch; I 3-inch; I 2.4-inch; 2 light depth-charge throwers. Can carry io8 mines. Torpedo-tubes: 2 50o-cm. 7. Nymphe (I899-1900oo) ) Displacement: 2,800 tons. Dimensions: 342.5 X 8. Amazone (1900-01) 40.4 X 16.4 feet (maximum draught). H.P. 8,000 = 21 kts. Guns: Io 4.I-inch; I 3-inch; I 2.4-inch; 2 light depth-charge throwers. Torpedo-tubes: 2 50o-cm. 29 destroyers and torpedo-boats 1: Total Class Begun Completed me- Nominal H.P. T. Coal, O Bg Cmlt ment tubes 6 Mowe 1I924-25 1926-28 800 23,000 6 300 6 Wolf 1927 I928-29 oo800 23,000 6 300 3 S 18-23 1912 1913 640 I6,ooo 4 146 /55 4 G 7,8, Io, II I9II 1913 670 i6,000 4 I60/60 2 T 190o, 96 1 910 1911 800 I8,ooo 4 I90/55 I T 185 i909 1910 8o0 I8,ooo 4 170 /45 tons tons 7 T 15I-I58 I907 1908 675 10,900 3 I80 /83 IFor the material in reserve, see the summary table of naval units. Miscellaneous: 59 different units (mine-sweepers, etc.). SUMMARY TABLE OF NAVAL UNITS Number Tonnage Depreciated tonnage Battleships.... 6 +I 2 79,200 + 13,200 2 Light cruisers... 6+ 22 31,300 I9,764 Destroyers and torpedo-boats...... 24-5 2 + 5,8002 I8,oIo 7,I42 + 3,275 2 Total.... 128,510 26,906 + 22,275 2 1 Depreciated tonnage (on January Ist, I931) is calculated as follows: (i) For battleships, battle-cruisers, coast-defence ships, monitors, aircraft-carriers and miscellaneous craft, a reduction in original tonnage at the rate of /i,0 per annum from date of completion. (2) For cruisers and light cruisers, a reduction of 1/17 per annum from date of completion. (3) For torpedo craft and submarines, a reduction of 1/I2 per annum from date of completion. 2 Material in reserve, which Germany has undertaken not to commission, except in replacement of vessels already in commission.
GERMANY 483 NAVY DISTRIBUTION (IN %) OF TONNAGE OF THE NqAVY AMONG THE DIFFERENT CLASSES ===923.3 OF VESSELS in I913, I919 and' I930 NOTE. - Only units completely bsfzn 5 ~~~finished on the dates in question have been included. NUMBER AND TONNAGE.?- t~(in thbusands of tons) 19I3 1919 1930 *.0 s.0 f 19)9 H! H H 21.2t- Battleships. 4.71 67,o 272 409,1 7 92,4 ~XX.~3~ 't~llll~ 'Cruisers... 503 25I,o 3I4 I36,9 8 37, Destroyers and pedo boats I945 96,6 2676 92,7 29 21,4 Submarines. Miscellaneous 7 24 9 8, 6,2 i6-87,8 1-3 dreadnoughts, 4 battle-cruisers and 30 battleships including 8 old coast-defence battleships. 29 dreadnoughts (not including 2 units launched in 1916-i7 but not completed) and i8 old battleships, 14 of which have been partially disarmed. 39 armoured cruisers, 24 cruisers and 8 protected cruisers. 4 Including 4 disarmed cruisers; not including 8 cruisers launched but not yet completed and 3 not yet launched. 5I49 destroyers and 45 torpedo-boats. 133 destroyers and I34 torpedo-boats of which 60 are 930 old vessels, mostly of little value. 7Gun-boats and river gun-boats. 24,6 Not including 6 units, the tonnage of which is not known. * Including material in reserve (22,275 6' tons), which Germany has undertaken not to commission, except in replacement of Vessels already in commission. Battleships Cruisers Destroyers Submarines Miscellaneous and torpedo boats
484 GERMANY NAVY NUMBER OF UNITS AND TONNAGE in 1913, I9I 9 and 1930 400 300 200 1_I i i,,0 IO~) 100.00O 200.000 300.000 500.000 0 1 600.000 700.000 Battleships Cruisers Destroyers Submarines Miscellaneous and torpedo boats
GERMANY 485 1.200.000 1.000.000 NAVY TOTAL, TONNAGE 800.000 Tons 600.000 (ooo's omitted) I913.. I,o33.7 400.000-19.9 646.5 1929.. 152.8z 200.000 1930. I50o91 0 1913 1919 1929 1930 III. Budget Expenditure on National Defence. A. NOTES ON BUDGET PROCEDURE. (i) The financial year covers the period April Ist to March 3ist. The estimates for the coming financial year must be submitted to the Reichstag before November ist and to the Reichsrat before January 5th. If the budget is not voted in time, provision for the intermediate period is made by means of special laws which are modelled on the draft estimates submitted by the Government with any modifications already introduced by the Reichstag itself or its Budget Commission. The budget estimates for the financial year I927-28 were voted in April 1927, for 1928-29 in March I928 and for I929-30 in June 1929. Those for I930-31 were voted in December 1930, and the intermediate period was provided for by special laws of March 29th, 1930, and June 29th, 1930, and a Presidential Decree of July 26th, 1930. Additional grants or other modifications of the budget originally voted are embodied in supplementary budgets. (2) The estimates were, until March 1928, divided into two separate budgets: (a) General administration of the State; (b) War Charges. In 1928 (a) and (b) were combined in a single budget in which War Charges form Section XX. The sections of the budgets are subdivided into ordinary and extraordinary expenditure and the ordinary expenditure into permanent and one-time expenditure. Defence expenditure is charged to the Defence Department Section, with the exception of a minor item on account of disarmament and dismantling (chiefly adaptation of arms' and ammunition factories). That item appeared under (b) above, Budget of War Charges, until I928-29 when it was entered in the newly-formed War Charges Section of the General Budget. One-time extraordinary and certain ordinary credits not utilised at the end of the year may be transferred to succeeding years. (3) The German budget is, with some exceptions, a gross budget, and receipts collected by the various departments in the course of their activities Including the material in reserve.
486 GERMANY are, consequently, not set off against expenditure but accounted for on the revenue side of the budget. (4) In accordance with the Constitution of 1919, all military and naval functions are under the direct control of the Central Government. (5) Closed accounts for the financial year 1927-28 were published in October I928, those for 1928-29 in September 1929 and those for 1929-30 in September I930. B. BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON NATIONAL DEFENCE. I. Summary of Defence Expenditure. 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 1930-3I Closed Accounts Estimates Reichsmarks (ooo's) A. Defence Department: Ordinary expenditure: Permanent.... 583,596 625,686 598,575 621,709 One-time....... 61,975 I32,152 84,673 88,492 Extraordinary expenditure..., 60,419 3 - Total A... 705,990 757,841 683,248 7o10,201 B. War charges, disarmament and dismantling of fortresses...... 7,211 II,272 7,749 6,I45 Index numbers of: Grand total... 713,201 769,113 690,997 716,346 Wholesale prices (I913 = Ioo)... 1. 38 140 135 122 2 Retail prices : cost of living (July I914 = ioo) 149 I53 I53 146 2 1 This amount is to be diminished by I5 million Rmks. by savings during the year. 2 Average, April I930 to January i93i. NOTES. - (i) These figures do not include pensions or interest on debt. (2) Until March 1928 that portion of capital expenditure to be covered by loans was separately recorded as extraordinary expenditure. Beginning with the budget for I928-29 all capital expenditure on national defence is regarded as ordinary one-time expenditure, to be covered, therefore, by current revenue. (3) The amounts shown in the table are appropriated for: I927-28 11928-29 1929-30 I930-31 Closed Accounts Estimates A. Defence Department: Reichsmarks (ooo's) The Minister... 1,045 i;o6i 1,059 1,o059 The Army... 499,909 545,185 Army services distinct from the fighting 490,105 513,245 forces... 4. 4 71 1 The Navy.... 204,565 211,595 192,084 195,897 Total... 705,990 757,84I 683,248 710,201 B. War charges, disarmament and dismantling of fortresses.... 7,211 II,272 7,749 6,I45 Grand total... 713,201 769, I3 690,997 716,346 Included under the expenditure on the Army as from 1928-29.
GERMANY 487 II. Analysis of Defence Expenditure. (i) The following table shows details of the appropriations for the Army: I927-28 1 I928-29 I1929-30 1930-3I Closed Accounts Estimates Ordinary permanent expenditure: Reichsmarks (ooo's) Army commands and administration... 9,363 9,952 9,543 9,769 Pay to commands and troops... I62,23I I99,177 210o,547 214,252 Schools... 0Io,527 12,366 11,89o Io,672 Arms, ammunition and implements... 67,5IO 84,186 65,072 48,469 Arsenals... 1I2,567 12,934 I2,556 I3,078 Engineering and fortifications... II,85o 12,347 1I,407 II,58I Transport (1927-28, motor vehicles)... I3,754 14,407 I4,142 15,055 Intelligence Department.. 8,830 8,777 8,760 8,900 Supply Service administration... 5,129 5,536 16,254 22,862 Religion... 372 410 190 237 Military courts... 398 423 9 14 Medical service... 6,326 6,588 5,066 5,501 Veterinary service... 2,412 2,355 2,345 2,272 Remount service........... I0,307 9,084 7,810o 8,600 Food and forage... 55,479 40,943 20,254 22,872 Clothing and equipment... 27,133 28,106 28,939 28,355 Barracks, etc.... 35,642 36,525 32,826 35,184 Building administration... 1,304 1,418 779 27 Travelling and removal expenses..... 5,960 5,209 5,136 5,307 Miscellaneous expenses... 1,482 1,637 2,271 1,662 Total permanent expenditure. 448,576 492,380 465,796 484,669 Ordinary one-time expenditure: Stationery..78-43 6o Schools.... 2,737 I,I43 489 145 Arms and ammunition.... 3,179 27,403 8,258 11,396 Arsenals... 1,693 848 I,II6 1,171 Engineering and fortifications... 1,996 3,579 1,388 3,500 Transport (1927-28, motor vehicles)... 1,272 2,420 248 500 Intelligence service.... 2,860 2,281 242 400 Medical service... 870 468 I91 329 Veterinary service... 2 oo 0 o 0 o0 io o00 Remount service... 1,399 298 43 Food......... 6io 250 191 195 Clothing....... 8oi 30 I03 Buildings, grounds, etc.... 10o,345 I3,30I II,399 10,102 Building administration... 15 40 19 Travelling and removal expenses.. 4 240 162 405 Services distinct from the fighting forces.. 283 242 272 Miscellaneous expenses.... 366 II 8 74 Total... 48,425 52,802 24,309 28,575 Extraordinary expenditure: Buildings... 2,908 3. - Total one-time and extraordinary expenditure... 51,333 52,805 24,309 28,575 Grand total, Army expenditure. 499,909 545,185 490,Io 5 513,244
488 GERMANY (2) Services distinct from the fighting forces included, for 1927-28, expenditure on the offices entrusted with the execution of the military claims of the Peace Treaty, amounting to 47I,ooo Reichsmarks. As from 1928-29 the remainder of the expenditure on these services has been included in the ordinary one-time expenditure of the army. (3) The following table shows details of the appropriations for the Navy: 1927-28 I928-29 1929-30 1930-31 Closed Accounts Estimates Ordinary permanent expenditure Reichsmarks (ooo's) Central administration.. 3,935 4,090 4,28 Subordinate 4,366 administrative offices. 9,975 Observatory... 36 36 36 5 Paymasters and accountancy.752 793. 790 -. Naval courts... 92 207 97 71 Religion.... 82 85 Commands 90 23! and troops, pay.. 24,488 26,820 27,113 26,506 Maintenance... 23,260 23,817 22,192 23,465 Supplies on shore....... 2,886 2,968 2,797 2,473 Clothing...... 3,697 4,097 4,105 4,1491 Barracking, etc....... 3,969 4,048 4,188 2,9841 Building administration..225 271 295 I01 Horses and motors.349 305 3.3 382' Medical services.... 6 1,470 1,52 Travelling and 989' removal expenses and postal, telegraph and telephone charges... 2,O 2,128 1,936 2,031 Schools...,917 2,202 2,I58 1,5481 Dockyards...... 36,104 30,226 30,719 Artillery 31,488 and fortifications... 6,271 15,991 16,540 14,7381 Torpedoes...... 4,575 4,716 4,8oi01 4,2511 Mines... 2,748 2,622 2,368 1,99 I 1 Coastal services and survey... 1,526,551 1,687 958 Miscellaneous expenses... 3,445 3,802 3,656 3,642 Total permanent expenditure. 1I33,976 132,245 131,720 135,981 Ordinary one-time and extraordinary expenditure: New ships and armament... 51,996 58,934 46,871 40,820 Dockyards... 3,298 3,445 1,673 3,670 Artillery and fortifications.4,062 6,095 4,817 5,825 Torpedoes... 1.. 1,270 1,838 2,081 2,504 Mines... 2,620 2,212 1,028 1,781 Barracks.1.... I,287 Miscellaneous 1,377 870 1,037 expenses.6,056 5,449 3,024 4,279 Total one-time and extraordinary expenditure... 70,589 79,350 60,364 59,916 Grand total, Navy expenditure 204,565 2II,595 i92,084 x95,897 Excluding expenditure on officials, which since April I930 has been included in the new item, Subordinate administrative offices. NOTES. - (i) Gross expenditure of dockyards and other naval factories is included in the naval estimates. (2) Of the ordinary one-time and extraordinary expenditure shown above for i927-28, 57,039,000 Reichsmarks were regarded as extraordinary expenditure, and I3,549,827 Reichsmarks as ordinary one-time expenditure.
GERMANY 489 As from 1928-29 the whole expenditure has been regarded as ordinary onetime expenditure, to be covered, therefore, by current revenue. Defence appropriations in the budget of War Charges include 1927-28 I 928-29 1 1929-30 1930-3I Closed Accounts Estimates Ordinary expenditure Reichsmarks (ooo's) Appropriations common to the Army and the Navy: one-time contribution for the adaptation of arms and ammunition factories which have been permitted by the Allied Powers, and for compensation to owners of patents, etc... 7,2II 11,272 7,749 6,145 III. Receipts by the Defence Department. Receipts collected by the Defence Department in the course o_ its activities amounted to or are estimated at: 927-28 Ii928-29 1929-30 1930-31 Closed Accounts Estimates Ordinary budget : Reichsmarks (ooo's) Navy... 2,653 2,790 4,737 2,97. Extraordinary budget...-..... ~_ 70 Total... 3,8oo0 8,105 19,751 I5,355 NOTE. - The receipts consist of rents, proceeds of sale of disused material and of real estate, fees, reimbursements, etc. IV. Pensions Service. Military and naval pensions are accounted for in a special section of the budget dealing with pensions and, for certain expenditure, under the Ministries of Labour and Finance. The actual or estimated expenditure on pensions is as follows: 1927-28 I928-29 1929-30 I930-3 I Closed Accounts Estimates Pensions to officers and men of the new army Reichsmarks (0,ooo0oos) 7. and navy... 72.8 Pensions to officers and men of the old army 763.0 906.5 865.4 and navy... I1,565.o Pensions to dependents of officers and men of the new army and navy... 7o6. i Pensions to dependents of officers and men 706.1 72775 of the old army and navy...... Assistance in special cases... 64.9 87.9 79.3 Total pensions... 1,534.0 1,745.8 1,672.5 1,637.8 Pension charges included in the Ministries of Labour and Finance... 35.3 17.6 19.2 20.8 Grand total... 1,569.3 1,763.4 1,691.4 1,658.6 Included in the above figures.