Delegations will find attached document EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4.

Council of the European Union Brussels, 28 April 2017 (OR. en) 8601/17 CSDP/PSDC 216 EUMC 50 COVER NOTE From: European External Action Service (EEAS) To: European Union Military Committee (EUMC) Subject: EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2016 Delegations will find attached document EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4. Encl.: EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 8601/17 LL/as DGC 2B

EUROPEAN EXTERNAL ACTION SERVICE European Union Military Staff Working document of the European External Action Service of 27/04/2017 EEAS Reference EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 Classification From To European Union Military Committee (EUMC) European Union Military Committee (EUMC) CSDP/PSDC; EUMC Title / Subject EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2016 Ref. prev. doc. - Delegations will find attached the EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2016, which was agreed by the European Union Military Committee (EUMC) on 25 April 2017. EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 1/35

EU MILITARY TRAINING AND EDUCATION ANNUAL REPORT 2016 TABLE OF CONTTS References A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...4 B. BACKGROUND...6 C. AIM.7 D. SCOPE 7 E. EU MILITARY TRAINING GROUP AND DISCIPLINES 8 F. PERMANT ACTIONS 11 G. SHORT TERM ACTIONS...14 H. MEDIUM AND LONG TERM ACTONS.. 15 I. POOLING & SHARING TRAINING & EDUCATION...19 J. PROPOSED WAY AHEAD.21 K. RECOMMDATIONS..23 Annexes: A. EU Military Training s B. Pooling & Sharing Training & Education Topics EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 2/35

References: A. Pooling and Sharing in the area of Training and Education Report, doc. EEAS 01671/12, dated 28 September 2012. B. Military Training and Education in the EU - EUMS Study, doc. EEAS 00978/4/13 REV 4, dated 24 September 2013. C. Military Training and Education in the EU - Final Draft Action Plan for the short term proposals, doc. EEAS 02648/2/13 REV2, dated 04 February 2014. D. Terms of Reference of EU Military Training Group, doc. 9357/14, dated 30 April 2014. E. Framework Process for Managing CSDP Military Training Requirements, doc. 17087/14, dated 19 December 2014. F. Military Training and Education in the EU - Progress Report on the implementation of the Action Plan for short term proposals, doc. 9410/15, dated 29 May 2015. G. Guidelines for EU Military Training Leader, doc. 11192/15, dated 23 July 2015. H. Outcome of Proceedings EUMCWG/HTF Meeting Week 50 (08-12-2015), doc. 14748/15, dated 12 December 2015. I. Single Progress Report (SPR) on the Development of EU Military Capabilities in the period from November 2015 to October 2016, doc.13719/16, dated 07 November 2016. J. Final Report Final Training Requirements Analysis - Operations Planning for CSDP, doc. 6546/16, dated 26 February 2016. K. EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2015, doc. 11066/16, dated 08 July 2016. L. EUMC Strategic Guidance on CSDP Military Training 2016, doc. 12566/16, dated 23 September 2016. M. Training Requirements Analysis Report - Military Contribution to EU Disaster Response, Humanitarian Assistance and Civil Protection, doc. 14792/16, dated 23 November 2016. N. Council Conclusions on the Implementation of the Joint Declaration by the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission and the Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, doc. 15283/16, dated 06 December 2016. O. EU Policy on Training for CSDP, doc. 7838/17, dated 03 April 2017. EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 3/35

A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Military training and education (T&E) has been one of the Member States' (MS) preferred areas for defence cooperation over the recent years. 2. In short term, the focus was on the EU Military Training Group (EUMTG) as the recognized body for the military training requirements in CSDP. Although its main role is that of defining EU military training requirements, it should become more involved in proposing priorities for EU military T&E and preparing appropriate EUMC's strategic guidance for this domain. This ambition requires a stronger participation of the MS at the EUMTG meetings, at the level of training experts, on a regular basis. 3. The organization of military training by disciplines has been an outcome of MS' efforts and interests. The value of the discipline-based approach and importance of discipline leaders can be valued from multiple perspectives. They facilitate on the one hand sharing common training requirements, solutions and global training architecture and pooling training resources, on the other hand. 4. EUMS and NATO training authorities (International Military Staff - IMS and Allied Command Transformation - ACT) have increased their dialogue, with regular exchange of information through meetings or other relevant forms of communication. This method of cooperation has been used to propose topics for discussions of mutual interest aiming at avoiding duplication and developing common terminology and processes in the area of training and exercises. Nonetheless, NATO could not share classified and unclassified information so as to allow access to NATO training courses to EEAS and all EU MS. 5. Determined by the requirement to involve CSDP relevant training community in defining requirements and proposing solutions, EUMS co-organised the annual EU training conference over the last two years. The conclusions of all seminars have been fed and exploited in subsequent work conducted by discipline leaders during their Training Requirements Analyses (TRA) processes or to promote other medium and long term proposals. 6. EUMCWG/HTF and EUMS closely supported the development of the new EU Policy on training for CSDP. The drafting process of the Policy and associated Guidelines in the adhoc working group (composed of CMPD, CPCC and EUMS) followed the suggestions and EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 4/35

comments provided by the MS in various fora. The military dimension of the CSDP is well reflected and aligned with the current developments in the area of EU military T&E. 7. A web-based portal for crisis management training is no longer a luxury, but a basic need for a timely access of the right information at a fair cost. EUMS has been in close contact with EEAS IT service and EDA to define the technical requirements. This portal will represent a single public web gate towards the sites of military and civilian training providers in the spectrum of EU crisis management, to their programmes and opportunities, a password protected working platform for the EUMTG, and host a public platform for managing EU crisis management training events (e.g. the organisation of the EU annual military training seminar). Nonetheless the progress in this area is limited by the resources available to the EEAS IT service (budget and manpower). 8. In the medium and long term, efforts continue to be invested in consolidating the EU military T&E system. Critical pillars are a CSDP reference curriculum for officers and a quality assurance system. 9. The CSDP Reference Curriculum for Officers and its implementation in the national training programmes will complement European Security and Defence College's (ESDC) efforts at the EU level and create conditions to assure, in the long run, the quality required by the international educational standards, European Qualification Framework (EQF) and subordinated military Sectorial Qualification Framework (SQF). 10. The training quality assurance is a shared responsibility between the structures coordinating CSDP training and training providers themselves. In the long term, EUMTG should be empowered to define the quality assurance standards and oversee their implementation in the CSDP T&E in accordance with international educational standards and the EQF. 11. Within the framework of P&S T&E, some MS have sought a better rationalisation of training by signing multilateral letters of intent or memoranda of understanding, committing themselves to meet regularly and investigate common solutions on specific topics. It is proposed not to follow anymore these tasks. 12. Overall, in 2016 the initiatives launched in the area EU military T&E have progressed at a steady pace. In the initial phase, the main effort was on creating conditions to present EUMC with clear EU military training requirements. In this respect, over the last two years, EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 5/35

EUMCWG/HTF, EUMTG and EUMS proposed and EUMC agreed or noted 7 conceptual, framework documents designed to frame the EU military training and education initiatives. In parallel, several MS, EU bodies or multinational organisations pioneered the management of training requirements by discipline - a structured, long term process. MS need to put more effort to the CSDP Military Training and education initiatives. 13. Although training at the national level is a national responsibility, the EU becomes accountable as a whole and MS share responsibility when MS' armed forces operate under EU flag. As stated in the new EU Training Policy (the approval process is ongoing), training for CSDP is a shared responsibility between EU s Member States, its institutions and dedicated bodies. Therefore, more common efforts are needed to define the full spectrum of military training requirements for all identified disciplines and subsequently to volunteer in the implementation of the suggested solutions. B. BACKGROUND 14. On 28 September 2012, the European Union Military Committee Working Group/ Headline Goal Task Force (EUMCWG/HTF) proposed and the European Union Military Committee (EUMC) agreed that "EUMS establish a broad picture of military T&E activities conducted by the EU entities, in cooperation with relevant stakeholders, with a view to make proposals to optimize the use of existing means" (Ref. A). 15. On 7 October 2013, EU Military Staff (EUMS) presented to the EUMC a study on the Military Training and Education in the EU and recommended EUMC to agree several short term proposals, and to note a series of medium and long term proposals to be further developed by the EUMCWG/HTF, supported by the EUMS (Ref. B). 16. On 26 February 2014, EUMC agreed the "Military Training and Education in the EU Action Plan for short term proposals" and tasked EUMCWG/HTF, supported by the EUMS, to implement in short term six proposals and report back on their progress (Ref. C). 17. On 30 April 2014, EUMC took note of the completion of one of the short term proposals and agreed the terms of reference (ToR) of the EU Military Training Group (EUMTG) as the recognized body for the military training requirements in CSDP (Ref. D). 18. On 17 December 2014, EUMC noted the "Framework Process for Managing CSDP Military EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 6/35

Training Requirements", which established a structured way of defining the training necessary to achieve and sustain the desired level of performance for CSDP military missions and operations (Ref E). 19. On 27 May 2015, EUMC took note of the implementation progress of the short term proposals and agreed that EUMCWG/HTF supported by the EUMS continue the consolidation of the EU military T&E system (Ref. F). 20. On 22 July 2015, EUMC agreed the "Guidelines for EU Military Training Leader" which defines the discipline leader, its role, responsibilities and relationship with EU relevant stakeholders (Ref. G). 21. On 10 December 2015, EUMTG, noting the parallel development of several strands in the area, invited EUMS to draft an EU Military Training and Education Annual Report, to be discussed by EUMTG and subsequently presented to the EUMC for agreement (Ref. H). 22. EUMC agreed in July 2016 on the EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2015 (Ref. K), the first document of this kind to be presented for agreement. 23. On 28 August 2016, EUMC agreed the "EUMC Strategic Guidance on CSDP Military Training 2016", a document aimed to provide strategic level guidance, priorities and requirements for CSDP Military Training in order to facilitate the definition of CSDP military training requirements by the EUMTG, with direct level support from EU DLs. C. AIM 24. The aim of this report is to inform Members States (MS) on the progress achieved in the area of EU military T&E in 2016, and to propose a way ahead. D. SCOPE 25. This report not only presents the state of play of several ongoing strands in the area of EU military T&E but it also proposes, where relevant, refocusing some initiatives or cancelling the inactive/dormant ones. The report is structured on five chapters, as following: a. EUMTG and EU military training disciplines. This strand exposes the EUMTG activities and shows progress on military training disciplines (Ref E and G). b. Permanent actions. This strand includes several lines of action, which EUMC EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 7/35

agreed to be monitored as routine activities (Ref. F). c. Short term actions. This strand presents the progress of proposals in the area of EU military T&E that should be completed soon (Ref. B, C and F). d. Medium and long term actions. This strand encompasses proposals in the area of EU military T&E, which are assessed to be launched and implemented in medium or long term. (Ref. B). e. P&S T&E. This strand covers the progress made and the proposals on several topics under the P&S T&E. E. EU MILITARY TRAINING GROUP AND DISCIPLINES EU Military Training Group 26. The aim of this line of action has been to establish a standardized approach to identify the EU military training requirements, conducted by a dedicated, recognized body (EUMTG), on specific military disciplines for which EU may decide to have a distinct role or on those with a particular relevance for CSDP. 27. Progress. As agreed by the EUMC (Ref. D), EUMTG 1 has become the recognized body for the management of military training requirements in CSDP. In this capacity, EUMTG meets regularly (no more often than quarterly), to discuss EU military T&E issues and validate the training requirements for their subsequent approval by the EUMC. 28. In 2016 EUMTG convened in four meetings (March 2, June, October and December) to analyse and present for subsequent approval by EUMC the EU Military Training and Education Annual Report 2015 (Ref. K), the EUMC Strategic Guidance on CSDP Military Training 2016 (Ref. M), or to validate Training Requirements Analyses reports (or their intermediate steps) presented by the disciplines leaders (Ref. J and M). 29. Assessment. Although EUMTG's main role is that of defining EU military training requirements, it should become more involved in proposing priorities for EU military T&E 1 EUMTG is a configuration of the EUMCWG/HTF in training expert format, which convenes within the framework of EU military training and education. It is composed of national delegates participating to the EUMCWG/HTF that could be reinforced by functional training areas experts from MS, as required. 2 The formal meeting on 22 March 2016 was cancelled but a virtual, asynchronuous session was established on 1 April 2016, with the Chair HTF distributed an annotated agenda, PPTs, supporting papers and inviting MS comments. EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 8/35

and preparing EUMC relevant strategic guidance. All documents in the area of military training and education are to be finalised by the EUMCWG/HTF before being submitted to EUMC for notation/agreement. Furthermore, in the future, within the context of the new CSDP training policy, EUMTG should oversee the military section of the CSDP training programme and propose courses that meet the agreed discipline common course curricula to be included in this programme. This ambition requires a stronger participation of the MS at the EUMTG meetings, at the level of training experts, on a regular basis. 30. In order to align the EUMTG s responsibilities with the new Training Policy (still to be agreed by the Council), it is proposed that EUMCWG/HTF to be tasked to update the EUMTG's TORs for EUMC agreement, as soon as the CSDP Training Policy and the respective Implementing Guidelines will be formally agreed. EU Military Training s 31. The aim of this line of action was to identify expert entities, willing and capable of leading distinct training functional areas disciplines. Imagined as a medium/long term proposal in the area of EU Military T&E (Ref. B, para.25), the nomination of discipline leaders for CSDP relevant military disciplines has received a higher priority given the limited capacity of the EUMTG and due to the scarcity of training experts at the EU level working in this field. 32. Progress. With effect from 17 December 2014 (Ref. E), the CSDP military training has been organized by disciplines under the oversight of the EUMTG. Out of the 24 disciplines: for 2 disciplines the TRA was finalised and agreed by EUMC, 6 disciplines are active (one or more MS or multinational organisations/ formations have volunteered to become a leader and a TRA was launched / is to be launched), for 5 disciplines EUMS has identified a potential leader but no commitment was made and for 11 disciplines no leader could be identified yet (Annex A). A proposal is made to update the list and to close 3 inactive disciplines. 33. Operations Planning for CSDP. EUMS and Multinational Joint Headquarters (MN JHQ) Ulm, Germany, as the discipline co-leaders, conducted a TRA from March to September 2015, which was agreed by EUMC on 24 February 2016 (Ref. J). 34. Military Contribution to EU Disaster Response, Humanitarian Assistance and Civil Protection. Bulgaria-based Crisis Management/ Disaster Response Centre of Excellence (CMDR COE), as the discipline leader, launched the TRA in 2015, which was validated in EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 9/35

EUMTG and agreed by EUMC in 2016 (Ref. M). 35. (Military role) in Cyber Defence. Portugal and France, as the discipline co-leaders, have launched the TRA with the ambition to conclude it in 2017. In the initial stage, the main effort will be to conduct a task analysis and define an organisational framework. This work will consider the existing efforts conducted by the EDA (RAND Training Needs Analysis), existing training organised by the ESDC, fully aligned with the EUMS revision of the Military concept for Cyber Defence and EEAS action plan for the implementation of the Cyber Defence Policy Framework. Additionally, on-going parallel efforts conducted at NATO level (e.g. ACT s TRA and MNCDE&T Smart Defence Project), will be considered. 36. WMD/CBRN. The Czech Republic, as the discipline leader, started the WMD/CBRN discipline planning process, with support from the Joint CBRN Defence COE in November 2015. The overall goal is to complete CBRN training opportunity survey and to conduct a TRA workshop by mid-2017, taking into account EU CBRN Countermeasures concept. 37. For two other EU Military disciplines, Gender and Integrated Border Management, the Programme of work is to be presented and validated by EUMTG by the committed discipline leaders (respectively ES and EL). 38. (Military contribution) to Maritime Security. Although an offer for commitment was made by one Member State (EL), other Member States are interested in (commonly) taking the lead for this discipline (ES and DE). A solution is expected in the near future. 39. Assessment. The organization of military training by disciplines has been an outcome of MS' efforts and interests under P&S T&E. The value of the discipline/tra approach and importance of discipline leaders can be thus assessed from multiple perspectives: a. Sharing common training requirements. A discipline focused TRA provides MS/EUMC with a clear picture of the EU military training requirements on a number of selected CSDP specific functional areas. Then, by developing common core curricula for all these disciplines, MS are offered a pre-defined, yet optional, training profile, as a set of learning outcomes that the national training audience should reach if they are to become interoperable in CSDP military operations. b. Sharing common training solutions. Defining clear common training requirements in the format of common core curricula, MS are exposed potential areas of cooperation in co-organizing common courses or avoid duplicating similar courses, EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 10/35

using recognised hubs of expertise (e.g. ESDC courses, proposed Annual EU OHQ Planning Course; Centres of Excellence courses). c. Pooling training experts. For the identified common training solutions, MS not only provide experts to the Mobile Training Teams (e.g. Operations Planning Training) but offer facilities (e.g. training, accommodation and messing) free of cost on a reciprocal basis. d. Sharing a global training architecture. By focusing with priority on disciplines with a dual-use character, synergies with civilian CSDP and non-csdp stakeholders are facilitated. Then, by targeting Centres of Excellence as potential Leaders, NATO and EU cooperation is better focused on achieving complementarities and making use of existing work and opportunities. 40. As anticipated in Ref. E, only conducting TRA for part of the training disciplines might pose a risk of incoherence among the overall construct of military training and education. There were informal attempts to offer the leadership for several disciplines and EUMS has supported potential candidates to understand the EU framework process. An increased tempo of TRA is required, assuming that EUMTG can manage 3-4 disciplines a year. 41. For some disciplines from the list, a lack of interest was noticed from potential Leaders; some other disciplines on the list might be too generic (e.g. languages, cultural, environment); and last but not least, for some disciplines no Leader could be identified. Therefore there is a risk of keeping a long list of EU Military s, with inactive disciplines inside. A revision of the list of disciplines is required, with the possibility to be regularly updated. 42. It is proposed that the following three disciplines to be deleted from the list: Languages, Cultural and Impact of the Military Actions on the Environment. MS are encouraged to take the lead for 13 disciplines out of the remaining 21 presented in Annex A and conduct TRA in accordance with the capacity and programme of work of the EUMTG. F. PERMANT ACTIONS EU - NATO informal cooperation on training and education 43. The aim of this line of action has been to improve synergies and ensure that common training areas of interest are identified and addressed properly by both organizations. EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 11/35

44. Progress. EUMS and NATO training authorities at the strategic level (International Military Staff, -IMS, Allied Command Operations - ACO and Allied Command Transformation - ACT) and NATO accredited Centres of Excellence (CoEs 3 ) have developed a good cooperation framework, with regular exchange of information through meetings or other forms of communication (VTCs, e-mail). These informal methods of cooperation have been used to propose topics for discussions of mutual interest aiming at avoiding duplication and developing common terminology and processes in the area of training and exercises. 45. In 2016 the EU-NATO staff-to-staff contacts, to the extent possible, aimed to avoid the unnecessary duplication. 46. One of the discussed topics has been the identification of common military training requirements. In this respect, in order to keep track of each organization's priorities, EUMS and ACT have developed a common list of "EU and NATO Training s", which is periodically updated. 47. In December 2015, following extensive discussions at the level of directors, North Atlantic Council agreed EUMS request to attend selected courses at NATO School (NS) Oberammergau and at NATO Communication & Information School (NCISS) Latina. Following these discussions, in 2016, 9 participants from EUMS could attend various courses at NS and 14 participants from EUMS could attend various courses at NCISS. Building on this framework the process is to be continued in the following years. 48. Assessment. In 2016 the dialogue between EUMS and NATO training authorities has increased in intensity and results. However, the need to avoid duplication in training conflicts with the accessibility of NATO training activities to all EU MS. The principle of inclusiveness is set as a prerequisite by EUMC in case of the cooperation in the domain of military training. 49. Despite increased informal dialogue between EUMS and NATO training authorities, the fact that NATO training opportunities are not open to EEAS and all EU MS does not prevent unnecessary duplication of efforts. As the principle of inclusiveness is set as a prerequisite by EUMC in case of cooperation in the domain of military training, NATO training opportunities cannot be considered as EU training opportunities. Consequently, the widely expressed desire 3 A definition of Centers of Excellence (COEs) is presented in ref. K, page 12. EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 12/35

to avoid duplication of efforts in training between EU and NATO, conflicts with the nonaccessibility to NATO training opportunities by EEAS and all EU MS. 50. It is proposed that, in accordance with the informal engagement plans, EUMS focus its efforts in the dialogue with IMS/ ACT to identify NATO Education and Training Facilities and NATO accredited CoEs with potential for supporting the common training of both organizations, define practical ways of engaging them in a coherent manner and investigate practical ways of opening selected NATO existing training opportunities to EEAS and all EU MS. In addition, ESDC and NATO Defence College (NDC) could develop joint training modules on areas of common interest, opened to all EU and NATO MS. EUMS will report back to EUMC, in due time, on the progress achieved so as EUMC to be able to provide the adequate strategic guidance to EUMTG and to the Leaders for the way ahead. Progresses in this direction as well as stronger support from the NATO side are vital for the implementation of the Council Conclusions on the implementation of the Joint Declaration (Ref. N) in the area of training and education. EU Annual Military Training and Education Conference 51. The aim of this proposal has been to actively involve the CSDP relevant training community in reviewing EU military training requirements and finding ways to optimize the current military T&E means. 52. Progress. In 2013, EUMS organised the first seminar on the "EU Common Military Training and Education - Time for Improvement and Synergies". In 2014, the seminar focused on "Developing individual and collective competencies for planning CSDP missions and operations". These seminars have been conducted back-to-back with the CMPD's Annual Meetings on Training of CSDP Missions and Operations Personnel. On 27-28 October 2015, for the first time, the "EU Annual Military Training and Education Seminar" and the "Annual Meeting on Training of CSDP Mission & Operation personnel" met in a common session. 53. In 2016, for the second time, a common event was organised. The overall theme of this conference was The nexus between internal and external security. The two panels of discussion were Irregular migration and Terrorism. Input from the field Operation EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 13/35

EUNAVFOR MED Operation SOPHIA, EUTM MALI or EUTM SOMALIA was presented. The conclusions and proposals of all seminars have been fed and exploited in subsequent work conducted by discipline leaders during their TRA processes or to promote other medium and long-term proposals in the area of training and education. 54. Assessment. The feedback on the last seminar showed that the format (joint meeting/seminar), the thematic issues of the agenda and the composition of the panels were well appreciated and the participation of training experts from different EU and UN agencies was considered as enrichment for the discussions and for future cooperation in the field. 55. It is proposed that EUMS co-organise in November 2017, jointly with CMPD, CPCC and ESDC the "EU CSDP Annual Training and Education Conference" on topics of common interests. G. SHORT TERM ACTIONS Military Aspects of the New CSDP Training Policy 56. The aim of this action has been that military component of CSDP contribute to the review of the EU Training Policy in ESDP (doc. 14176/2/03 dated 7 November 2003) and EU Training Concept in ESDP (doc. 11970/04 dated 30 August 2004). 57. Progress. From February 2014 to February 2015, Crisis Management and Planning Directorate (CMPD), Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) and EUMS have met regularly and drafted the new "EU Training Policy on Training for CSDP" (Ref. O) as a basis for further debate and consideration by the MS. EUMCWG/HTF, supported by the EUMS, consolidated and submitted to CMPD a list of informal comments and suggestions to improve the draft document. 58. On 2 July 2015, CMPD, in cooperation with ESDC and EU ISS, organised an Expert Seminar: "Learning and Training for EU CSDP" to help informing the work on the new learning and training policy. Following the seminar, which broadened the scope of the policy by introducing the learning dimension, CMPD has produced a new draft policy and associated guidelines that are subjects of informal co-operation among CMPD, CPCC and EUMS. 59. Currently, the EU Training Policy on Training for CSDP was agreed by the high hierarchy of EEAS and the approval process by the PSC and the Council is ongoing. EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 14/35

60. Assessment. The drafting process of the Policy and associated Guidelines in the ad-hoc working group (composed of CMPD, CPCC and EUMS) followed the suggestions and comments provided by the MS in various fora (to include informal comment of the EUMCWG/HTF). Therefore, the military dimension of the CSDP is well reflected and aligned with the current development in the area of EU military training and education. 61. It is proposed that EUMS focus on the implementation of the EU Policy on Training for CSDP, in cooperation with CMPD, CPCC and ESDC. EU Crisis Management T&E Web Portal 62. The aim of this line of action has been to secure an effective, transparent and easy access to relevant information on EU crisis management T&E. This would contribute to the rationalization and coordination of the offers on T&E for crisis management to avoid duplication of effort, increase efficiency, support better division of labour, pooling of resources and achieving economies of scale. 63. Progress. EUMS presented the idea to the EUMCWG/HTF and contacted the EEAS IT department with the aim to define the portal structure and technical specifications and investigate possible development options. EEAS ICT governance agreed the inclusion of the project in their portfolio but could not provide an estimated time for delivery. According to the EEAS IT management, the main obstacles are the allocated manpower and the budget. 64. Assessment A web-based training portal for crisis management training is no longer a luxury, but a basic need for a timely access of the right information at a fair cost. It would be a single public web gate towards the websites of training providers in the area of EU crisis management (military and civilians), to their programmes and opportunities. This portal should also have the capacity to offer a password protected working platform for the EUMTG. However, the implementation timeline depends strongly on EEAS IT support. 65. It is proposed that EUMS further assess the most suitable option for the EU Crisis Management T&E Web Portal, in co-operation with EEAS IT and EDA, encouraging other stakeholders (e.g. ESDC, CMPD, CPCC, EEAS HQ, EU HQ community) to contribute. EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 15/35

H. MEDIUM AND LONG TERM ACTIONS Reference Curriculum for EU Training-type Missions 66. The original aim of this proposal has been to institutionalise the memory developed by EUTM Somalia and Mali in a form of a training curriculum to facilitate the preparation of future possible such missions. Subsequently, the scope of this proposal has expanded to capture other aspects of the EUTM or EUMAM missions (e.g. organizational, recruitment, equipment) which are common to these types of missions. 67. The proposed Reference Curriculum for EU Training-type Missions has been foreseen to be taken over by a broader conceptual document for EU training-type missions that captures experience from the military non-executive missions (EUTM/EUMAM) - 'EU Guidance for a Generic EUTM/ EUMAM' 4. 68. On 3rd May 2016 the EUMC agreed to accept the offer of Spain (ES) to lead the first phase of the development of an EU Guidance for a Generic EUTM/EUMAM with the participation of Germany (DE) and support from the EUMS. Later, France (FR) offered also to participate in this phase. The Spanish Military Authorities have nominated BG Alfonso GARCÍA- VAQUERO PRADAL to lead the ad-hoc working group. 69. A kick-off meeting was held on 28th June 2016 in order to establish the ad-hoc working group, configure the team, to designate the corresponding POC and National Experts, to agree on timelines and document structure. 70. The first working phase is ongoing, a 1st Workshop to discuss chapters 1 to 3 was held on 25 October 2016 and a 2nd Workshop to work chapters 4 to 6 was held on 25 January 2017. After the distribution of all chapters and annexes for comments, a 3rd Workshop will be held in Granada (Spain) on 29 March in order to finalize the document and subsequently proceed with the handover to EUMS (2nd phase). 71. Due the possible implementation of a Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) 5 structure, it is likely that the MPCC will be responsible for operational planning and conduct 4 Food for Thought - Developing a 'EU Guidance for a Generic EUTM/ EUMAM', doc. EEAS (2016) 489, dated 7 April 2016. 5 Concept Note: Operational Planning and Conduct Capabilities for CSDP Missions and Operations, approved by the Council at its 3525th meeting held on 6 March 2017, page 8, doc. 6881/17, dated 06 March 2017. EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 16/35

at the strategic level of the non-executive military missions. For this reason, it might be necessary to adopt the "EU GUIDANCE FOR A GERIC EUTM/EUMAM" appropriately taking into account the MPCC future role and responsibilities. 72. The work produced so far is part of phase 1 (under Spanish Working Group lead and responsibility). The next phase will start after the handover of the 1st Draft of the Guidance to EUMS POC (CONCAP), planned on April 2017, and will finish with the approval of the "EU Guidance for a Generic EUTM/EUMAM" by the EUMC expected on June/July 2017. 73. Assessment. As far as training aspects are concerned, the document should incorporate generic advising programmes and training curricula for specific audiences, specifically train the trainers. The success of producing this document largely depends on the willingness, availability and effective involvement of those MS which actively contributed to the planning, conduct and termination of EUTM/EUMAM. This contribution could be translated through the provision of lessons at the operational and tactical levels captured by the national military authorities and participation with experts in workshops/ meetings dedicated to drafting the document. 74. It is proposed that EUMS support MS in the development of an EU Guidance for a Generic EUTM/EUMAM. CSDP Reference Curriculum for Officers 75. The aim of this proposal (Ref. B, para. 22) has been to develop a standard curriculum composed of programmes/ modules that would need to be implemented in the national military training and education systems. The overall goal of the curriculum would be to support the achievement of a higher degree of interoperability among the national military training and education systems of the MS by integrating common agreed requirements in their programmes. Its subordinate objective would seek a better promotion across the MS of the EU security culture at all levels of military career (not only at cadet level currently addressed by the ESDC-led military ERASMUS initiative). 76. The curriculum could be developed by an ad-hoc working group composed of representatives of ESDC Executive Academic Board, volunteer MS's representatives in the EUMTG and EUMS. The group could be divided in subgroups (for each category of officers), meeting quarterly for coordination and working at distance on individual assignments. The project EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 17/35

would be composed of 3 strands: a. Strand 1 finalisation of the Military Profession Sectorial Qualification Framework (SQF) for all levels of military career (level 7 junior officers, Capt./Maj and level 8 senior officers Maj/LtCol) 6 ; b. Strand 2 development of the discipline common core curricula for all training disciplines, as per Ref. G. c. Strand 3 - consolidation of discipline common core curricula in a CSDP Reference Curriculum for Officers (grouped by 3 categories: cadet, junior, senior officer). 77. Progress. ESDC has already developed a SQF for cadets and basic officers (Level 6) and proposed that a full SQF at all levels be developed. Currently ESDC is considering finalising a similar SQF for senior officers. Further internal evaluation of this development and identification of the way ahead are ongoing. 78. At a later stage, as a potential part of the SQF further implementation could be also considered the Advanced Military Training - AMT. The AMT is a course under development, specially designed for senior officers (OF-3 to OF-4) in order to be able to perform their duties in the military CSDP area. EUMC agreed on 20 December 2016 to invite EUMS to draft a paper on the required steps to implement a non-mandatory AMT. EUMS recommendations to implement AMT have been agreed by EUMC on 15 February 2017. 79. Assessment. The proposed curriculum would consolidate the discipline common core curricula developed by the discipline leaders. It would also create conditions to assure, in the long run, the quality required by the international educational standards, European Qualification Framework 7 (EQF) and subordinated military SQF and open a platform for cooperation with NATO and third states to share common standards and experience and enhance the interoperability 8. 80. It is proposed that EUMS further contributes to ESDC's finalisation of the SQF for all levels of military career (level 7 junior officers, Capt./Maj and level 8 senior officers 6 The ESDC Implementation Group (IG) proposed that a complete military qualification framework should cover all levels of the EQF. The development of the other levels is outside the mandate of the IG, but the IG strongly recommends to the EUMC that a military sectorial qualification framework covering these levels would be developed. 7 The European Qualification Framework (EQF) is a cascading system, starting from very generic competence levels to more and more specific descriptors in national qualification frameworks, national sectorial qualification frameworks. 8 NATO has already developed such curricula for officers http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_123844.htm and NCOs http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_123842.htm. EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 18/35

Maj/LtCol). MS are encouraged to contribute to the ESDC endeavour. Quality Assurance for EU Military Training 81. The aim of this long term proposal has been to ensure the quality of and create conditions for the CSDP military training to be aligned to the international educational standards, EQF and SQF, which would contribute to meeting the training requirements and operational needs of the MS. 82. Progress. Steps have already been taken with the establishment of agreed military training requirements in the discipline common core course curricula (Ref. G), which could be regarded as a benchmark against which courses could be certified and controlled for quality. The educational standards, in terms of learning outcomes (competencies) should be reflected in these common core curricula of each training discipline. Moreover, the development and subsequent endorsement by the MS of the "CSDP Reference Curriculum for Officers " would greatly support the establishment of a quality assurance for EU military training. ESDC has developed a mechanism of developing standard curricula for courses organised under its umbrella, which could be viewed as an internal quality assurance construct. A similar approach could also be explored at EUMTG level, in close coordination with the different training discipline leaders. 83. Assessment. In the long term, EUMTG and discipline leaders should play an important role in this context. EUMTG should be prepared to define the quality assurance standards and oversee their implementation in the EU military T&E in accordance with international educational standards, EQF and SQF. Based on the agreed common core curricula, discipline leader should propose EUMTG courses that meet CSDP military training requirements to be included in the CSDP Training Programme. 84. It is proposed that EUMS, in cooperation with relevant stakeholders, continue the analysis of implications of a Quality Assurance for EU Military Training, in compliance with the new CSDP Training Policy. I. POOLING & SHARING TRAINING & EDUCATION 85. The overall aim of this initiative was to optimize the network of existing T&E possibilities and opportunities of the MS. EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 19/35

86. Progress. Within this framework of P&S T&E, although "optimization" was not defined, MS have signed multilateral letters of intent or memoranda of understanding committing themselves to meet regularly and discuss or think common solutions on specific topics. They have also offered seats to participating MS to certain courses. Overall, MS did not have express any further interest, so far. (Ref. H). 87. Sharing Training Facilities Catalogue (STFC) has been one of the first practical tools in the context of P&S T&E that MS used to share information on courses and facilities offered for cooperation. As agreed by the EUMC (Ref. C), EUMS continued discussions with CMPD in order to integrate the STFC into SCHOOLMASTER 9, and converting it into a searchable database, but technical limitations put the project on hold for several months. In February 2016, the project was reactivated and EUMS works closely with CMPD and EEAS IT department to finalise the technical requirements for the interface between the national training providers accredited to upload information on training opportunities and facilities and the database itself. As soon as this phase will be completed, MS will be requested to nominate a central point of contact at the national level who will provide training authorities with access to the database. 88. Assessment. Overall, in 2016 there was limited progress in the area of P&S T&E. These initiatives were aimed at gaining savings in long term (which are difficult to be quantified), yet they implied collateral running costs (e.g. training equipment operating costs, mission costs), which most of the MS are not willing to invest as a matter of priority. On the other hand, there has been a gap between the general political declarations of the MS to P&S T&E, and the real conditions for developing concrete projects. One of these conditions could be considered the lack of agreed, binding common training requirements. In these circumstances, the forms of cooperation were limited to mentioned memoranda of understanding or training offers which could not find an appropriate audience, without being demanded or required. 89. It is proposed: a. That EUMS continue to support CMPD and EEAS IT department in order to 9 SCHOOLMASTER is a database with CSDP training opportunities, which is a component of a broader family of applications for CSDP missions, called GOALKEEPER. EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 20/35

further integrate the STFC into SCHOOLMASTER platform. b. To close and cease monitoring the topics: Training Courses for Airborne Operations - Loading Operators Training, Courses and Training for Military Police - for Security Force Assistance (SFA) Activity, Courses and Training in Multinational Logistics, Training Courses in the CBRN Area for Personnel Deployed on the Ground, Crisis Management Courses for Disaster Relief, Training Courses for JTAC/FAC/Close Combat Attack, Live Firing Areas for Artillery, Training Courses for Airborne Operations - Parachuting Troops Training, Training Courses for Operations in Mountain, Fighting: Training for Urban Operations, and Staff-High Military Education Courses Operational Planning Courses. J. PROPOSED WAY AHEAD 90. In order to align the EUMTG s responsibilities with the new Training Policy (still to be agreed by the Council), it is proposed that EUMCWG/HTF to be tasked to update the EUMTG's TORs for EUMC agreement, as soon as the CSDP Training Policy and the respective Implementing Guidelines will be formally agreed. 91. It is proposed that the following three disciplines to be deleted from the list: Languages, Cultural and Impact of the Military Actions on the Environment. MS are encouraged to take the lead for 13 disciplines out of the remaining 21 presented in Annex A and conduct TRA in accordance with the capacity and programme of work of the EUMTG. 92. Permanent actions: a. It is proposed that, in accordance with the informal engagement plans, EUMS focus its efforts in the dialogue with IMS/ ACT to identify NATO Education and Training Facilities and NATO accredited CoEs with potential for supporting the common training of both organizations, define practical ways of engaging them in a coherent manner and investigate practical ways of opening selected NATO existing training opportunities to EEAS and all EU MS. In addition, ESDC and NATO Defence College (NDC) could develop joint training modules on areas of common interest, opened to all EU and NATO MS. EUMS will report back to EUMC, in due time, on the progress EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 21/35

achieved so as EUMC to be able to provide the adequate strategic guidance to EUMTG and to the Leaders for the way ahead. Progresses in this direction as well as a stronger support from the NATO side are vital for the implementation of the Council Conclusions on the implementation of the Joint Declaration (Ref. N) in the area of training and education. b. It is proposed that EUMS co-organise in November 2017, jointly with CMPD, CPCC and ESDC the "EU CSDP Annual Training and Education Conference" on topics of common interests. 93. Short term actions: a. It is proposed that EUMS focus on the implementation of the EU Policy on Training for CSDP, in cooperation with CMPD, CPCC and ESDC. b. It is proposed that EUMS further assess the most suitable option for the EU Crisis Management T&E Web Portal, in co-operation with EEAS IT and EDA, encouraging other stakeholders (e.g. ESDC, CMPD, CPCC, EEAS HQ, EU HQ community) to contribute. 94. Medium and Long term actions: a. It is proposed that EUMS support MS in the development of an EU Guidance for a Generic EUTM/EUMAM. b. It is proposed that EUMS further contributes to ESDC's finalisation of the SQF for all levels of military career (level 7 junior officers, Capt./Maj and level 8 senior officers Maj/LtCol). MS are encouraged to contribute to the ESDC endeavour. c. It is proposed that EUMS, in cooperation with relevant stakeholders, continue the analysis of implications of a Quality Assurance for EU Military Training, in compliance with the new CSDP Training Policy. 95. P&S T&E: It is proposed: a. That EUMS continue to support CMPD and EEAS IT department in order to further integrate the STFC into SCHOOLMASTER platform. b. To close and cease monitoring the topics: Training Courses for Airborne Operations - Loading Operators Training, Courses and Training for Military Police - for EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 22/35

Security Force Assistance (SFA) Activity, Courses and Training in Multinational Logistics, Training Courses in the CBRN Area for Personnel Deployed on the Ground, Crisis Management Courses for Disaster Relief, Training Courses for JTAC/FAC/Close Combat Attack, Live Firing Areas for Artillery, Training Courses for Airborne Operations - Parachuting Troops Training, Training Courses for Operations in Mountain, Fighting: Training for Urban Operations, and Staff-High Military Education Courses Operational Planning Courses. K. RECOMMDATIONS 96. The EUMCWG/HTF recommends that EUMC agree the report and proposed way ahead. EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 23/35

ANNEX A EU Military Training s Ser 1. Comprehensive Approach to Crisis Management in CSDP Preliminary Thematics Leader (to be confirmed through TRA) Potential 10 - CFSP/ CSDP framework, institutions, ESDC 11 principles and objectives European Security Strategy objectives, values/interests, threats and challenges EU relationship with IOs, NGOs and Third States Comprehensive Approach in action and operational engagement Civil military coordination/ Civilmilitary instruments in support of CSDP The role of the Commission's instruments for crisis management and conflict prevention Political issues specific to CSDP, political objectives/ dimension of a CSDP Comprehensive, corporate culture for EU crisis management State of Play Not initiated yet. Main source of training requirements Civil-Military Co-ordination: Framework paper of possible solutions for the management of EU Crisis Management Operations, 8926/06 (L) Civil- Military Co-ordination (CMCO): Possible solutions for the management of EU Crisis Management Operations - Improving information sharing in support of EU Crisis Management Operations, doc. 13218/5/06 (L) Civil Military Co-ordination (CMO), 10828/1/07 (L) 10 Potential discipline leaders have been identified by EUMS and informal contact may have been established. 11 ESDC cannot legally report to the EUMTG. However, ESDC operates as a de facto discipline leader through its decision making body (Steering Committee) for almost all disciplines with an obvious civilian-military character. EEAS(2017) 337 REV 4 European Union Military Staff SB/is 24/34 Annex A