Terms of Reference for Conducting a Household Care Survey in Nairobi Informal Settlements Project Title: Promoting livelihoods and Inclusion of vulnerable women domestic workers and women small scale traders November 2017 1
Background Oxfam is a global movement for empowering people to realize and advocate for their rights, and making key stakeholders responsive and accountable towards their needs. We work with the poorest and vulnerable communities across the globe on issues of women, water, work and inequality. Oxfam has been operating in Kenya since 1963 to empower local communities to improve their livelihoods and build their resilience. Oxfam Kenya s Urban Programme was established in 2009 with an aim of ensuring that people in urban areas are empowered and have choices and opportunities to live safe, secure and productive lives. In 2015, Oxfam in partnership with the National Organization of Peer Educators (NOPE), Youth Alive Kenya and SITE Enterprise Promotion received financial support from the European Union to strengthen socio-economic empowerment of poor and vulnerable women domestic workers and small scale traders who live in Nairobi City s urban settlements mainly Mukuru, Kibera, Mathare, Korogocho and Kawangware through a four years project. Titled wezesha Jamii, this project contributes to achieving secure and productive lives of vulnerable women dependent on the informal economy by strengthening their collective groups and federations, building their business and vocational skills, building their equity and resilience, educating them on their rights and responsibilities, building strategic linkages and strengthening advocacy actions to increase their participation in decision making processes etc. The interventions in this project seek to address systemic challenges that affect the target groups, their dependents and neighboring communities which include: low and unreliable incomes, poor negotiation skills, lack of favorable policy environment, harassments, extortion, arbitrary arrests and sexual violation, limited knowledge of their rights, limited access to markets and credits, inadequate business skills etc. The project is directly benefitting over 30,000 women (20,000 women small scale traders and 10,000 women domestic workers from the 5 informal settlements within Nairobi City. Why Care work? One of the project s key deliverables is to address barriers that hinder women from active participation in social, economic and political participation. Unpaid care work has been identified as a key barrier which is highly entrenched in community social norms and traditional gender roles. Oxfam globally advocates for recognition, reduction, redistribution of unpaid care work, as well as representation of care givers in decision making spaces. Care work --also sometimes called reproductive work or domestic work-- refers to the provision of services for family and community members outside of the market. It includes direct care of person, such as child care or care of dependent adults, as well as domestic work, such as cooking, cleaning or fetching water or firewood. Care work is essential for maintaining society and is primarily done by women. Unequal and heavy unpaid care work has implications on women s health, well-being, mobility, time for 2
training and employment and it perpetuates their unequal status in society. It can also decrease women s level of participation and representation in development initiatives. Care work should be recognized, reduced and redistributed at the household, community, market and state level. Care work is not just a women s issue but it should be considered and carried out by other household members, as well as by market actors, civil society organizations and Government duty bearers. With this vision in mind, Oxfam employs two tools to establish the impact of unpaid care work to the lives of women and men. These are: - 1. The Rapid Care Analysis (RCA)- a focus group discussion with community members that aims to understand patterns of care work and to develop context-specific strategies that will subsequently be implemented to reduce and redistribute care work. 2. The Household Care Survey (H CS) builds on the findings from the RCA and it aims to explore what happens in households, in communities where a range of care change strategies are being implemented and to build an understanding about pathways of positive change for more equitable care provision in households and communities. What is the Household Care Survey and its purpose? The ambition of Oxfam is that heavy and unequal care responsibilities should be recognized, reduced and redistributed within the household and between poor families and the state. The household survey aims to collect quantitative data that will demonstrate how care work is shared among the different genders within the household and community who bears the much of the care work burden and importantly generate useful recommendations that can help advocate for a positive change. The survey will measure patterns in unpaid care and look at enabling factors for positive change in patterns of unpaid care work. Some of these factors are household wealth, women s income and employment, education, women s involvement in community groups and external support including variables that will also measure mainstreaming factors like disability. The survey will also look the factors that shape norms and perceptions about gender roles and care work as well as the factors that trigger investment in time and labor saving equipment, products and services. Results from the already completed RCAs will be used to adjust the household care survey questionnaire based on the key care tasks identified by the target communities. Oxfam and its partner will undertake this survey and there will be subsequent assessments towards recognition, reduction and redistribution of unpaid care work. This HCS will act as a baseline providing data that will shape future work on unpaid care work. Oxfam will engage an external consultant/firm/institution to undertake the survey, as such the consultancy firm will be required to use sound methodology for gathering, analyzing and triangulating data that conform to accepted 3
standards and ethics that assure collection of representative, valid, reliable and quality data that Oxfam and its partners can use it to draw generalization on the bigger population. Based on the above scope, the consultancy firm is expected to draw a reasonable and scientifically representative sample. This should be included in the call for proposal in addition to a broken down workplan and budget. The Research Objectives of the study will be: To establish how care work is distributed between genders and age groups and to understand what motivates the distribution of care work in households To explore the perceptions and attitudes of women and men towards care work. To generate credible evidence/data that quantifies the value of unpaid care work. To analyze household and individual characteristics and arrangements that facilitate or hinder the unequal sharing of care work at household and community level. To develop practical and realistic recommendations for Oxfam s future programming on the integration of unpaid care issues. Aims of the Household Care Survey Produce a baseline on quantifiable data on how care work is divided by gender and age Generate evidence that demonstrates who bears the most burden of care work To understand the consequences on women (and men) of heavy and unequal unpaid care work. Quantify in monetary terms the value of care work and thereafter determine the value foregone by either gender in participating in unpaid and unrecognized care work. This will generate data that can be used for influencing positive changes at the household and community level. A household survey will provide a baseline of existing arrangements of providing care in households. To understand the differences among the different genders and age, in each household the consultancy firm will be expected to interview adult male and female members as well as children between the age of 8-18 years. How we intend to use the research findings to: Influence changes in the budgetary allocations to ministries supporting relevant interventions that seek to directly contribute to the reduction of heavy care responsibility. This involves designing strategic agenda to influence local and county government. Influence media debate on care work; enhance recognition of the unpaid care work and ultimately contributing to reduction and redistribution of unequal and heavy Care responsibilities. 4
Inform and influence design and delivery of Wezesha Jamii Project by the local partners we are working with as well as the county government Oxfam has already developed a questionnaire as well as guidance documents to support the implementation of the household survey. These will be contextualized to fit the local situation. Roles and Responsibilities The survey will be conducted in the 5 informal settlements of Nairobi where the Wezesha Jamii project is implemented. The consultant will plan and carry out the Household Care Survey using Oxfam s questionnaire (to be adapted to local context) and the household survey guidance documents. Oxfam programme staff will: Provide the questionnaire instrument and work with the consultant on the necessary adaptations to the local context. Provide guidance and documentation for training enumerators and piloting the survey, including guidelines on ethical research Oversee the overall survey implementation strategy and action plan. Provide oversight and feedback on processes for data collection, analysis and report writing Sign and manage the contract with the consultant Make the payment to the consultant upon satisfactory completion of the assignment and approval of the report. Prepare and coordinate dissemination strategy along with the consultant and partner organization The partner organization Youth Alive Kenya will: Organize for a venue for training of enumerators. Facilitate access to a community not to be included in the survey, to pilot/practice the survey during the training workshop. Provide access to lists of project sites, lists of beneficiaries, or whatever other information exists to enable the team to select respondents to survey. Participate in review and adaptation of research toolkits and subsequent data analysis The consultant will: Develop action plan and timeframe for the survey, which should include clear definitions on areas to be surveyed, detailed timelines, sampling and data analysis strategy. Prepare for and participate in the orientation workshop (and briefings). Contribute to the process of designing the survey. 5
Design a feasible sampling strategy in collaboration with Oxfam and project partners (determine sampling frame). Organize the translation of the household questionnaire into the local language where necessary Recruit and train enumerators and data entry staff. Facilitate logistics for the enumerator training, field work (printing out sufficient number of questionnaires, rent cars, arrange accommodation, etc.) and data entry (provision of a space to work and computers if necessary). Manage employment contracts for the enumerators and data entry staff. Contracts should be flexible enough to allow for the period of work to be extended by a few days if necessary. Manage the piloting of the survey. Manage the survey work in the field, ensuring that the enumerators interview the correct respondents, surveys are carried out to a high standard, and targets for numbers of respondents to be interviewed are met. Review the completed questionnaires in detail at the end of each day of work, provide details feedback to the enumerators, and send them back to the respondents to make corrections if necessary. Manage the data-entry process, ensuring that quality checks on the data entry are carried out as specified in the procedure document. Ensure that all data is clean and correcting any inconsistencies before uploading and transmitting to Oxfam. Provide a comprehensive report derived from analysis of the data Write a brief report on the conduct of the field work, including details any problems which were encountered and how they were resolved, and any feedback which may be useful for future surveys. Provide presentation of initial and final findings to Oxfam Finalize report for submission to Oxfam Time commitment The assignment is expected to take approximately 30 working days to complete. Application Process: Interested and qualified consultants should send their applications before or by 20 th December 2017 at 5.00 P.M and indicate APPLICATION FOR HOUSE HOLD CARE SURVEY in the subject line 6