Masao KIKUCHI, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Public Policy and Management Department of Public Management S h l off B School Business i Ad i i Administration i Meiji University, Tokyo, JAPAN Paper presented for the EROPA Seminar 2010, Kathmandu 1
Presentation Outline 1. Introduction: Disasters without Boarders 2. Critical initial 72 hours after Disease 3. Public Private Partnership in Crisis Management 4. Concluding Remarks 2
1 Introduction: Disasters without Boarders Nature of Natural Disasters: Natural disasters may occur more in its periphery areas of the national/local government than central areas, as the natural landscapes such as high h mountains, rivers, and oceans often case make boundaries of the jurisdictions. Coordination Issues: As most damaged area would be in boarder area of the jurisdiction, we cannot immediately decide which government is primary responsible to response. 3
1 Introduction: Disasters without Boarders Financial Retrenchment: Public Investment in Preventing Natural Disasters in less populated area can be a target for budget cut. Government Limits: There are certain limits for government to response immediately to natural disasters. Most periphery area is the most neglected area, and thus most vulnerable area to the disasters. 4
2. Critical initial 72 hours Golden 72 hours (3days): Initial 72 hours after the disease is critical ii in: it takes 72 hours for government to identify the extent of damage and to deploy the rescue team; and most of survivor in need of help can only survive 3 days without foods or waters under stressful situation. In 1995 Kobe Earthquake case, 85% of survivor in need of help were rescued by the citizens, and 5% of them were rescued by the Volunteer Firefighters. 5
2. Critical initial 72 hours Problems of initial 72 hours among Government Officials (Multiple Answers) Insufficient Information Provision Information 52.5% Misunderstanding of Proper Procedure for Initial Reaction among Officials 51.5% Delayed in Information Collection 44.6% Delayed in Information Dissemination to the Citizens 40.6% Insufficient Information Collection 36.6% Insufficient Evacuation Area Location and Stockpiled Goods 26.7% Lack of Expertise among Officials for Initial Response 25.7% Lack of Decision Making in Timely Manner 17.8% Delayed in Disaster Management Headquarter Formation 16.8% Information was not Disseminated in Organization in Timely Manner 14.9% Insufficient i Media Relations 11.9% *Meiji University Research Center for Crisis and Contingency Management (2005) Questionnaire Survey for 995 municipalities. Response Rate 48.9% 6
3. PublicPrivate Private Partnership in Crisis Management Self Help, Co Help and Public Assistance: Citizens i and community itself must prepare for the possible diseases to response to initial 72 hours. Self Help Prepare Survival and Stockpiled goods, Check Evacuation Area, Participate in Emergency Drill, Renovation for Earthquake Resistant House, etc Co Help Public Assistance Form a Self Help Organization in the community, Identify the vulnerable people such as elderly person living alone, Identify the vulnerable area in the community, Prepare Business Continuity Plan Fire brigade, Police Force, Army Force Public Assistance to Self Help and Co Help 7
3. PublicPrivate Private Partnership in Crisis Management Citizens and Community Empowerment and Government Role: Support Community Leadership and ownership to prepare for initial 72 hours Preparedness Mitigation Initial 72 hours Response Response (after 72 hours) Recovery Self Help Co Help Public Assistance 8
3. Public Private Partnership in Crisis Management Cases of Natural Disasters and Self Help and Co Help Niigata Prefecture Chuetsu Earthquake 2004 9
3. Public Private Partnership in Crisis Management Cases of Natural Disasters and Self Help and Co Help Niigata Prefecture Chuetsu Earthquake 2004 10
3. Public Private Partnership in Crisis Management Cases of Natural Disasters and Self Help and Co Help Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake in 2008 11
3. PublicPrivate Private Partnership in Crisis Management Cases of Natural Disasters and Self Help and Co Help Making Hazard Map with Citizens Participation 12
3. PublicPrivate Private Partnership in Crisis Management Cases of Natural Disasters and Self Help and Co Help Forming Self-Help Organization and Drill 13
3. PublicPrivate Private Partnership in Crisis Management Cases of Natural Disasters and Self Help and Co Help Forming Fire Volunteer Fighters and Drill 14
4. Concluding Remarks Most periphery area is the most neglected area, and thus most vulnerable area to the disasters. Japanese Experiences tell us: Only when Citizens, Community and Government can divide the roles and collaborate each other in effective manner, we can secure our lives properties from the disasters PPP in Crisis Management: Public Private Partnership, and Power of People s Participation! Old Maxim tells us: Disaster strikes when you least expect it 15
Thank you for Listening! E mail: kms@kisc.meiji.ac.jp 16