THE CIVIL WAR
ISSUES DIVIDE THE COUNTRY 1861- Texas joined 10 other states to form the Confederate States of America Disagreed on: tariffs, distribution of public lands, and states rights States rights is the position that the federal government should not interfere with the states exercise of their constitutional powers
REPUBLICAN PARTY OPPOSES SLAVERY Abolitionist wanted to end slavery Many were prejudice against African Americans Northerners against slavery joined the Republican Party
Many believed the Southern Democrats, who supported slavery, were responsible for the economic depression, so a high tariff was needed Southerners thought this would only benefit the North so they wanted the Republican party to win the next election
Life in the South https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jwmpvv-ajm Nap Time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4546ukgw Sw War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s72ni4ex_e0
Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 election and Southern leaders carried out threat 6 states, South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana withdrew from the Union
CONVENTION VOTES Sam Houston opposed secession Texas interests would be better protected with the Union Didn t believe South would win the war Refused to call a convention to vote on secession Others called a meeting anyways Citizens should decide
Let me tell you what is coming. After the sacrifice of countless millions of treasure and hundreds of thousands of lives you may win Southern independence, but I doubt it. The North is determined to preserve this Union. They are not a fiery, impulsive people as you are, for they live in colder climates. But when they begin to move in a given direction, they move with the steady momentum and perseverance of a mighty avalanche.
Called for Ordinance of Secession Said: U.S. government had abused its power Texas becomes 7 th state to leave Union 4 more states leave after them
CONFEDERACY IS FORMED Confederate States of America formed New constitution was formed Like the United States constitution States given more power and federal government given less Guaranteed the protection of slavery
Jefferson Davis is elected president Texas Secession Convention orders all state officials to take oath of allegiance Governor Houston refused to take oath Removed from Governor position Edward Clark, replaces him
Would you be willing to deluge the capital of Texas with the blood of Texans, merely to keep one poor old man in a position for a few days longer, in a position that belongs to the people? No! Go tell my deluded friends that I am proud of their friendship, of their love and loyalty but to go to their homes and to conceal from the world that they would have been guilty of such an act
April 12, 1861, U.S troops refuse to evacuate Fort Sumter in S.C., Confederate troops open fire Marked beginning of Civil War
http://www.cornel1801.com/1/g/gone_with _THE_WIND/2_online_pictures_quotes.html
TEXANS GO TO WAR 1,000 s of Texans enlisted in the war but many more were needed Conscription Act passed (required enrollment of people into military service) All men between the ages of 18 and 35 to serve in the armed forces Some German American settlers objected to fighting against the Union
MOST TEXANS SUPPORT THE SOUTH James W. Throckmorton of Collin County had voted against secession, but eventually took an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy Later was elected governor of Texas
Nearly 1/3 of the Texas forces fought east of the Mississippi River, others served along the coast and on Texas s borders Slaveholders brought along their slaves to serve and help build fortifications
Many distinguished Civil War officers came from Texas Albert Sidney Johnston commanded the army of the Republic of Texas 2 nd highest ranking general in the Confederate army and commanded troops in Tennessee Killed at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862 Severe blow to Texas and the Confederate Army
SOME TEXANS AID THE UNION Just over 2000 Texans were Unionists and joined the army Approximately 50 were African American soldiers Milton Holland won the medal of honor, which is the highest American award for valor in the action against an enemy force
Some didn t want to fight on one side or another so they tried to leave Texas Some managed to escape early in the war August 1862, a group of German settlers tried to flee to Mexico but were killed by Confederate cavalry near Nueces River Vigilantes killed hanged about 40 suspected Unionists in Gainsville
TEXANS ON THE ATTACK Began taking forts in Texas for the Confederacy Texas was a vital link in the Confederate chain of supplies The union navy used its ships to blockade all Texas ports to prevent goods and supplies from entering or leaving
Cotton was still being sold over land to Mexico, and from there it was sent to Europe for manufactured goods and war materials Union forces easily captured Galveston General John B. Magruder made plans to take the port city back
Two river steamers, the Bayou City and Neptune were refitted as gunboats Moved down from Houston and attacked the Union vessels in Galveston Harbor and soldiers on foot attacked from the other side
Galveston was one of the few open ports still available to the Confederacy These ships were known as blockade runners Denbigh was one of the most successful of the blockade runners of the war
TEXANS DEFEND SABINE PASS 1863 Union forces tried to invade Texas, this time by sailing up the Sabine River Sailed up from New Orleans to captured Beaumont and Houston Fort Griffin had 47 soldiers called the Davis Guards Able to stop the Union army A major campaign to invade Texas was dashed Davis guards were awarded medals by the President
BROWNSVILLE Unionists wanted to capture supply train in Brownsville November 1863 Union force took the city and moved up Rio Grande Moved up to Laredo were it was stopped by Colonel Santos Benavides Brownsville was recaptured in July 1864
RED RIVER AND BEYOND Hood s Texas Brigade and Terry s Texas Rangers were among the better known Texas units serving east of the Mississippi Both were known for their bravery and courage General Robert E. Lee said Hood s men were the finest soldiers Terry s Texas Rangers fought in more battles than did any other cavalry regiment in the Civil War
Home Front Hardships
TEXAS CONFEDERATES TAKE CHARGE Francis R. Lubbock governor of Texas in august 1861, would later enter the Confederate army in 1863
WOMEN S ROLES 4 out of 5 men were gone to war Women had to work on the smaller farms Rosanna Osterman turned her luxurious Galveston home into a hospital
ECONOMY Farmers encouraged to produce more corn and wheat for the war effort Cotton production declined in the South Texas opened small factories in Austin and Tyler to manufacture cannons and ammunition Women also made uniforms and other clothing for soldiers
SHORTAGES The Union blockade stopped many goods from reaching the South Clothes, coffee, tea, salt, baking soda, and paper
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsevyzkm lyu https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnezrv_w T44