Contents. Preface Acknowledgments About the Guidelines Major Additions and Revisions Glossary List of Acronyms. Part 1 General 1.

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Contents Preface Acknowledgments About the Guidelines Major Additions and Revisions Glossary List of Acronyms xi xiii xxi xxv xxix xxxv Part 1 General 1 1.1 Introduction 3 1.1-1 General 3 1.1-1.1 Application 1.1-1.2 Minimum Standards for New Facilities and Major Revisions 1.1-2 New Construction 3 1.1-3 Renovation 3 1.3-3.1 General 1.3-3.2 Facilities Subject to Compliance with the Guidelines 1.3-3.3 Undiminished Safety 1.3-3.4 Long-Range Improvement 1.1-4 Government Regulations 5 1.1-4.1 Design Standards for Accessibility 1.1-4.2 Regulations for Earthquake-Resistant Design for New Buildings 1.1-4.3 Flood Projection 1.1-4.4 National Standards for the Protection of Patient Health Information 1.1-4.5 Environmental Regulations 1.1-5 Building Codes and Standards 6 1.1-5.1 Safe Environment 1.1-5.2 Code Compliance 1.1-6 Equivalency Concepts 6 1.1-7 English/Metric Measurements 7 1.1-8 Codes, Standards, and Other Documents Referenced in the Guidelines 7 1.2 Planning, Design, Construction, and Commissioning 13 1.2-1 General 13 1.2-1.1 Application 1.2-1.2 Multidisciplinary Project Team 1.2-1.3 Environment of Care and Facility Function Considerations 1.2-2 Functional Program 14 1.2-2.1 General 1.2-2.2 Functional Program Content 1.2-3 Space Program 15 1.2-4 Safety Risk Assessment 16 1.2-4.1 General 1.2-4.2 Infection Control Risk Assessment 1.2-4.3 Patient Handling and Movement Assessment 1.2-4.4 Fall Prevention Assessment 1.2-4.5 Medication Safety Assessment 1.2-4.6 Behavioral and Mental Health Risk Assessment 1.2-4.7 Patient Immobility Assessment 1.2-4.8 Security Risk Assessment 1.2-5 Environment of Care Requirements 27 1.2-5.1 Delivery of Care Model Concepts 1.2-5.2 Patient, Visitors, Physicians, and Staff Accommodation and Flow 1.2-5.3 Building Infrastructure and Systems Design 1.2-5.4 Physical Environment Elements 1.2-6 Planning and Design Considerations and Requirements 30 1.2-6.1 Acoustic Design 1.2-6.2 Sustainable Design 1.2-6.3 Wayfinding 1.2-6.4 Design Considerations for Accommodation of Patients of Size 1.2-6.5 Emergency Preparedness and Management 1.2-7 Renovation 41 1.2-7.1 Phasing 1.2-7.2 Isolation 1.2-7.3 Maintenance of Air Quality and Utilities 1.2-7.4 Existing Conditions 1.2-8 Commissioning 42 1.2-8.1 Commissioning Requirements 1.2-8.2 Commissioning Activities 1.2-8.3 Commissioning Agent vii

1.2-9 Record Drawings and Manuals 45 1.2-9.1 Drawings 1.2-9.2 Equipment Manuals 1.2-9.3 Design Data 1.3 Site 57 1.3-1 General 57 1.3-1.1 Application 1.3-2 Location 57 1.3-2.1 Availability of Transportation 1.3-2.2 Security 1.3-2.3 Availability of Utilities 1.3-3 Site Features 57 1.3-3.1 Signage 1.3-3.2 Lighting 1.3-3.3 Roads and Walkways 1.3-3.4 Parking 1.3-3.5 Emergency Access 1.3-3.6 Landscape Design Features 1.3-3.7 Transfer Support Features 1.3-4 Environmental Pollution Control 59 1.4 Equipment 61 1.4-1 General 61 1.4-1.1 Application 1.4-1.2 Equipment List 1.4-1.3 Documentation Requirements 1.4-2 Equipment Classification 62 1.4-3 Equipment Requirements 62 1.4-3.1 Major Technical Equipment 1.4-3.2 Electronic Equipment 1.4-4 Space Requirements for Equipment 63 1.4-4.1 Fixed and Building Service Equipment 1.4-4.2 Movable Equipment Part 2 Hospital Facility Types 65 2.1 Common Elements for Hospitals 67 2.1-1 General 67 2.1-1.1 Application 2.1-1.2 Functional Program 2.1-1.3 Site 2.1-2 Patient Care Units and Other Patient Care Areas 67 2.1-2.1 General 2.1-2.2 Patient Room 2.1-2.3 Accommodations for Care of Patients of Size 2.1-2.4 Special Patient Care Rooms 2.1-2.5 2.1-2.7 Reserved 2.1-2.8 Support Areas for Patient Care Units and Other Patient Care Areas 2.1-2.9 Support Areas for Staff 2.1-2.10 Support Areas for Families, Patients, and/or Visitors 2.1-3 Diagnostic and Treatment Areas 80 2.1-3.1 Reserved 2.1-3.2 Examination Room or Emergency Department Treatment Room 2.1-3.3 Accommodations for Telemedicine Services 2.1-3.4 Pre- and Post-Procedure Patient Care 2.1-4 Patient Support Facilities 86 2.1-4.1 Laboratory Services 2.1-4.2 Pharmacy Services 2.1-4.3 Food and Nutrition Services 2.1-5 General Support Facilities 93 2.1-5.1 Sterile Processing 2.1-5.2 Linen Services 2.1-5.3 Materials Management 2.1-5.4 Waste Management 2.1-5.5 Environmental Services 2.1-5.6 Engineering and Maintenance Services 2.1-5.7 Morgue Services 2.1-6 Public and Administrative Areas 102 2.1-6.1 General 2.1-6.2 Public Areas 2.1-6.3 Administrative Areas 2.1-6.4 Support Areas for Staff and Volunteers 2.1-7 Design and Construction Requirements 103 2.1-7.1 Reserved 2.1-7.2 Architectural Details, Surfaces, and Furnishings 2.1-8 Building Systems 112 2.1-8.1 General 2.1-8.2 Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning Systems 2.1-8.3 Electrical Systems 2.1-8.4 Plumbing Systems 2.1-8.5 Communications Systems 2.1-8.6 Electronic Safety and Security Systems 2.1-8.7 Special Systems 2.2 Specific Requirements for General Hospitals 137 2.2-1 General 137 2.2-1.1 Application 2.2-2 Patient Care Units 137 2.2-2.1 General 2.2-2.2 Medical/Surgical Patient Care Unit 2.2-2.3 Oncology Patient Care Unit 2.2-2.4 Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology Patient Care Unit 2.2-2.5 Intermediate Care Unit 2.2-2.6 Critical Care Unit 2.2-2.7 Pediatric Critical Care Unit 2.2-2.8 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 2.2-2.9 Obstetrical Unit 2.2-2.10 Nursery Unit viii

2.2-2.11 Pediatric and Adolescent Patient Care Unit 2.2-2.12 Psychiatric Patient Care Unit 2.2-2.13 In-Hospital Skilled Nursing Patient Care Unit 2.2-2.14 Bariatric Patient Care Unit 2.2-3 Diagnostic and Treatment Facilities 167 2.2-3.1 Emergency Services 2.2-3.2 Observation Unit 2.2-3.3 Surgical Services 2.2-3.4 Imaging Services 2.2-3.5 Radiation Therapy 2.2-3.6 2.2-3.7 Reserved 2.2-3.8 Rehabilitation Therapy 2.2-3.9 Respiratory Therapy 2.2-3.10 Renal Dialysis Services (Acute and Chronic) 2.2-3.11 Endoscopy Services 2.2-3.12 Cancer Treatment/Infusion Therapy 2.2-3.13 Hyperbaric Suite 2.2-4 Patient Support Facilities 216 2.2-4.1 Laboratory Services 2.2-4.2 Pharmacy Services 2.2-4.3 Food and Nutrition Services 2.2-5 General Support Facilities 217 2.2-5.1 Sterile Processing 2.2-5.2 Linen Services 2.2-5.3 Materials Management 2.2-5.4 Waste Management 2.2-5.5 Environmental Services 2.2-5.6 Engineering and Maintenance Services 2.2-5.7 Morgue Services 2.2-6 Public and Administrative Areas 217 2.2-7 Design and Construction Requirements 217 2.2-8 Building Systems 217 2.2-8.1 Reserved 2.2-8.2 Heating, Ventilation, and 2.2-8.3 Electrical Systems 2.2-8.4 Plumbing Systems 2.2-8.5 Communications Systems 2.2-8.6 Electronic Safety and Security Systems 2.2-8.7 Special Systems 2.3 Specific Requirements for Freestanding Emergency Care Facilities 221 2.3-1 General 221 2.3-1.1 Application 2.3-2 Reserved 221 2.3-3 Diagnostic and Treatment Areas 221 2.3-3.1 General 2.3-3.2 Reception and Triage Area 2.3-3.3 Communications with EMS 2.3-3.4 Treatment Room or Area 2.3-3.5 Special Patient Care Areas 2.3-3.6 Imaging Services 2.3-3.7 Reserved 2.3-3.8 Support Areas for the Freestanding Emergency Care Facility 2.3-3.9 Support Areas for Staff 2.3-3.10 Support Areas for Patients 2.3-4 Patient Support Facilities 225 2.3-4.1 Laboratory Services 2.3-4.2 Pharmacy Services 2.3-4.3 Food and Nutrition Services 2.3-5 General Support Facilities 225 2.3-5.1 Sterile Processing 2.3-5.2 Linen Services 2.3-5.3 Materials Management 2.3-5.4 Waste Management 2.3-5.5 Environmental Services 2.3-5.6 Engineering and Maintenance Services 2.3-6 Public and Administrative Areas 225 2.3-6.1 General 2.3-6.2 Public Areas 2.3-6.3 Administrative Areas 2.3-7 Design and Construction Requirements 227 2.3-8 Building Systems 227 2.4 Specific Requirements for Critical Access Hospitals 229 2.4-1 General 229 2.4-1.1 Application 2.4-1.2 Functional Program 2.4-1.3 Site 2.4-2 Patient Care Units 230 2.4-2.1 General 2.4-2.2 Critical Access Patient Care Unit 2.4-2.3 2.4-2.13 Reserved 2.4-2.14 General Psychiatric Patient Care Unit 2.4-2.15 Child Psychiatric Unit 2.4-2.16 Alzheimer s and Other Dementia Unit 2.4-2.17 Forensic Psychiatric Unit 2.4-2.18 Swing Beds 2.4-3 Diagnostic and Treatment Areas 233 2.4-3.1 General 2.4-3.2 Emergency Services 2.4-3.3 Surgical Services 2.4-3.4 Imaging Services 2.4-3.5 Telemedicine Services 2.4-3.6 Mobile/Transportable Medical Units 2.4-4 Patient Support Facilities 236 2.4-4.1 Laboratory Services 2.4-4.2 Pharmacy 2.4-4.3 Food and Nutrition Services 2.4-5 General Support Facilities 237 2.4-5.1 Sterile Processing ix

2.4-5.2 Linen Services 2.4-5.3 Materials Management 2.4-5.4 Waste Management 2.4-5.5 Environmental Services 2.4-5.6 Engineering and Maintenance Services 2.4-6 Public and Administrative Areas 237 2.4-7 Design and Construction Requirements 237 2.4-7.1 Reserved 2.4-7.2 Architectural Details, Surfaces, and Furnishings 2.4-8 Building Systems 238 2.4-8.1 General 2.4-8.2 Heating, Ventilation, and 2.4-8.3 Electrical Systems 2.4-8.4 Plumbing Systems 2.4-8.5 Communications Systems 2.4-8.6 Electronic Safety and Security Systems 2.5 Specific Requirements for Psychiatric Hospitals 239 2.5-1 General 239 2.5-1.1 Application 2.5-1.2 Reserved 2.5-1.3 Site 2.5-1.4 Shared Services 2.5-1.5 Environment of Care 2.5-2 Patient Care Units 240 2.5-2.1 General 2.5-2.2 General Psychiatric Patient Care Unit 2.5-2.3 Child Psychiatric Patient Care Unit 2.5-2.4 Alzheimer s and Other Dementia Patient Care Unit 2.5-2.5 Forensic Psychiatric Patient Care Unit 2.5-3 Diagnostic and Treatment Areas 246 2.5-3.1 Examination Room 2.5-3.2 Imaging Services 2.5-3.3 Rehabilitation Therapy 2.5-3.4 Electroconvulsive Therapy 2.5-4 Patient Support Facilities 248 2.5-4.1 Laboratory Services 2.5-4.2 Pharmacy Services 2.5-4.3 Food and Nutrition Services 2.5-5 General Support Facilities 248 2.5-5.1 Sterile Processing 2.5-5.2 Linen Services 2.5-5.3 Materials Management 2.5-5.4 Waste Management 2.5-5.5 Environmental Services 2.5-5.6 Engineering and Maintenance Services 2.5-6 Public and Administrative Areas 248 2.5-7 Design and Construction Requirements 248 2.5-7.1 Reserved 2.5-7.2 Architectural Details, Surfaces, and Furnishings 2.5-8 Building Systems 250 2.5-8.1 General 2.5-8.2 Reserved 2.5-8.3 Electrical Systems 2.5-8.4 Plumbing Systems 2.5-8.5 Communications Systems 2.5-8.6 Electronic Safety and Security Systems 2.5-8.7 Special Systems 2.6 Specific Requirements for Rehabilitation Hospitals 253 2.6-1 General 253 2.6-1.1 Application 2.6-2 Patient Care Units and Living Areas 253 2.6-2.1 General 2.6-2.2 Rehabilitation Patient Care Unit 2.6-2.3 Patient Living Areas 2.6-3 Diagnostic and Treatment Locations 256 2.6-3.1 Rehabilitation Therapy 2.6-3.2 Optional Units 2.6-4 Patient Support Facilities 259 2.6-4.1 Laboratory Services 2.6-4.2 Pharmacy Services 2.6-4.3 Food and Nutrition Services 2.6-5 General Support Facilities 259 2.6-5.1 Reserved 2.6-5.2 Linen Services 2.6-5.3 Materials Management 2.6-5.4 Waste Management 2.6-5.5 Environmental Services 2.6-5.6 Engineering and Maintenance Services 2.6-6 Public and Administrative Areas 259 2.6-7 Design and Construction Requirements 259 2.6-8 Building Systems 259 2.6-8.1 Reserved 2.6-8.2 Heating, Ventilation, and 2.6-8.3 Electrical Systems 2.6-8.4 Plumbing Systems 2.6-8.5 Communications Systems 2.6-8.6 Electronic Safety and Security Systems 2.6-8.7 Special Systems 2.7 Specific Requirements for Children s Hospitals 261 2.7-1 General 261 2.7-1.1 Application 2.7-1.2 Reserved 2.7-1.3 Site x

2.7-2 Patient Care Units 261 2.7-2.1 General 2.7-2.2 Pediatric Medical/Surgical Patient Care Unit 2.7-2.3 Oncology Patient Care Unit 2.7-2.4 2.7-2.5 Reserved 2.7-2.6 Pediatric Critical Care 2.7-2.7 Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Unit 2.7-2.8 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 2.7-2.9 Obstetrical Unit 2.7-2.10 Nursery Unit 2.7-2.11 Reserved 2.7-2.12 Pediatric Psychiatric Patient Care Unit 2.7-2.13 Reserved 2.7-2.14 Pediatric Bariatric Patient Care Unit 2.7-3 Diagnostic and Treatment Areas 267 2.7-3.1 Emergency Services 2.7-3.2 Observation Unit 2.7-3.3 Surgical Services 2.7-3.4 Imaging Services 2.7-3.5 Radiation Therapy 2.7-3.6 Rehabilitation Therapy 2.7-3.7 Respiratory Therapy 2.7-3.8 2.7-3.9 Reserved 2.7-3.10 Renal Dialysis 2.7-3.11 Endoscopy 2.7-3.12 Cancer Treatment/Infusion Therapy 2.7-3.13 Hyperbaric Suite 2.7-4 Patient Support Facilities 269 2.7-4.1 Laboratory Services 2.7-4.2 Pharmacy Services 2.7-4.3 Food and Nutrition Services 2.7-5 General Support Facilities 269 2.7-5.1 Sterile Processing 2.7-5.2 Linen Services 2.7-5.3 Materials Management 2.7-5.4 Waste Management 2.7-5.5 Environmental Services 2.7-5.6 Engineering and Maintenance Services 2.7-6 Public and Administrative Areas 270 2.7-6.1 General 2.7-6.2 Public Areas 2.7-6.3 Administrative Areas 2.7-7 Design and Construction Requirements 270 2.7-8 Building Systems 270 2.8 Specific Requirements for Mobile/Transportable Medical Units 271 2.8-1 General 271 2.8-1.1 Application 2.8-1.2 Reserved 2.8-1.3 Site 2.8-2 Reserved 274 2.8-3 Diagnostic and Treatment Locations 274 2.8-3.1 Mobile/Transportable Units 2.8-3.2 Pre- and Post-Procedure Patient Care Areas 2.8-3.3 2.8-3.7 Reserved 2.8-3.8 Support Areas for Mobile/Transportable Medical Units 2.8-3.9 Reserved 2.8-3.10 Support Areas for Patients 2.8-4 Reserved 276 2.8-5 Reserved 276 2.8-6 Public and Administrative Areas 276 2.8-6.1 General 2.8-6.2 Public Areas 2.8-7 Design and Construction Requirements 276 2.8-7.1 Reserved 2.8-7.2 Architectural Details and Surfaces for Unit Construction 2.8-8 Building Systems 276 2.8-8.1 Reserved 2.8-8.2 Heating, Ventilation, and 2.8-8.3 Electrical Systems 2.8-8.4 Plumbing Systems 2.8-8.5 Communications Systems 2.8-8.6 Safety and Security Systems Part 3 Ventilation of Hospitals 281 ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170-2017: Ventilation of Health Care Facilities 238 Index 327 xi

List of Tables Part 1 Table 1.2-1: Safety Risk Assessment (SRA) Components 46 Table 1.2-2: Infection Control Risk Assessment Design Considerations 48 Table 1.2-3: Categorization of Hospital Sites by Exterior Ambient Sound with Design Criteria for Sound Isolation of Exterior Shell in New Construction 49 Table 1.2-4: Minimum Design Room-Average Sound Absorption Coefficients 51 Table 1.2-5: Maximum Design Criteria for Noise in Interior Spaces Caused by Building Systems 52 Table 1.2-6: Design Criteria for Minimum Sound Isolation Performance Between Enclosed Rooms 53 Table 1.2-7: Design Criteria for Speech Privacy for Enclosed Rooms and Open-Plan Spaces 54 Table 1.2-8: Maximum Limits on Floor Vibration Caused by Footfalls in Hospitals 55 Appendix Table A1.2-a: Safety Risk Assessment Team Member Expertise 47 Appendix Table A1.2-b: Approximate Distance of Noise Sources for Use in Categorization of Hospitals by Exterior Ambient Sound 50 Part 2 Table 2.1-1: Electrical Receptacles for Patient Care Areas in Hospitals 129 Table 2.1-2: Locations for Nurse Call Devices in Hospitals 131 Table 2.1-3: Station Outlets for Oxygen, Vacuum (Suction), Medical Air, and Instrument Air Systems in Hospitals 133 Table 2.1-4: Hot Water Use General Hospital 135 Table 2.2-1: Examination/Treatment, Procedure, and Operating Room Classification 218 Table 2.2-2: Classification of Room Types for Imaging Services 219 Appendix Table A2.1-a: Maximum Length of Hot Water System Pipe or Tube 136 Appendix Table A2.2-a: Sound Transmission Loss or Attenuation Through Horizontal and Vertical Barriers in NICUs 220 xii