Iraq Index Tracking Variables of Reconstruction & Security in Post-Saddam Iraq

THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 36-188 Tel: -797-6 Fax: -797-64 www.brookings.edu Iraq Index Tracking Variables of Reconstruction & Security in Post-Saddam Iraq www.brookings.edu/iraqindex December 1, 7 Michael E. O Hanlon Jason H. Campbell For more information please contact Jason Campbell at jhcampbell@brookings.edu

Tracking the Surge TABLE OF CONTENTS Estimated Number of Iraqi Civilian Fatalities by Month, 3-Present 4 Detailed Explanation of Iraqi Civilian Fatality Estimates by Time Period.5 Number of New U.S. Troops Deployed to Baghdad..6 Iraqi Troops in Baghdad: Actual Number Reported for Duty as a Percentage of Proper Battalion Strength...6 Current Disposition of Combat Forces in Iraq..7 Coalition and Iraqi Security Forces Operating in Baghdad and the Belts Surrounding Baghdad..7 Enemy-Initiated Attacks Against the Coalition and Its Partners......8 Iraqi Military and Police Killed since January 5..... 8 Number of Patrols Carried Out by U.S. and Iraqi Forces (Per Week) 9 Number of Joint Security Stations Established by U.S. and Iraqi Forces in Baghdad..9 Multiple Fatality Bombings in Iraq...........1 Killed and Wounded in Multiple Fatality Bombings...1 Multiple Fatality Bombings by Type Since January 7...11 Detailed Breakdown of Deaths Associated with Multiple Fatality Bombings in Iraq......11 Number of Multiple Fatality Bombings Targeting Civilians by Sectarian Group and Month 1 Number of Newly Displaced People Per Month in Iraq, Externally and Abroad.....1 Number and Current Status of Concerned Local Citizens (CLC s) in Iraq..13 Progress of Political Benchmarks Agreed upon by the bush Administration and the Iraqi Government.14 Other Noteworthy Political Developments 15 Effects of Operation Fardh al-qanoon on Iraqi Provinces.....15 Effects of External Actors on Iraqi Security.15 Security Indicators U.S. Troop Fatalities since 3....... 16 Cause of Death for US Troops 17 American Military Fatalities by Category........18 U.S. Troops Wounded in Action since 3..... 18 British Military Fatalities since 3.....19 Non-U.S. & U.K. Coalition Military Fatalities since, 3..... 19 Non-U.S. & U.K. Coalition Military Fatalities by Country since 3. Non-Iraqi Civilian Casualties Killed Monthly since 3..... Journalists Killed in Iraq.... 1 Nationalities of Journalists Killed in Iraq.....1 Circumstances of Journalist Deaths..1 Iraqis Kidnapped...... 1 Iraqi Civilians Killed by US Troops......1 Foreign Nationals Kidnapped in Iraq since 3.... Iraqi Prison Population... 3 Estimated Number of Foreign Fighters in the Insurgency. 4 Estimated Number of Foreigners Illegally Crossing Into Iraq to Support the Insurgency, 7...4 Nationalities of Foreign Militants in Iraq, 5 4 Coalition Troop Strength in Iraq.. 5 Attacks on Iraqi Oil and Gas Pipelines, Installations, & Personnel.....6 Top Ten Non-U.S. Coalition Contributors of Military Personnel in Iraq.....7 Number of Daily Insurgent Attacks by Province.7 U.S. Military Fatalities Caused by Improvised Explosive Devices.8 Number of Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) Attacks Against U.S. Troops by Month.8 Improvised Explosive Devices (IED s) Detonated And Disarmed January June, 6.... 9 Average Number of Daily Patrols in Baghdad.....9 American Military Helicopters Downed in Iraq...... 3 Internally Displaced Persons in Iraq..... 3 Migration Indicators...3 Refugees And Asylum Seekers...... 3 Size of Iraqi Security Forces on Duty.......31 Index of Political Freedom...... 3 Index of Press Freedom...3 Iraq s Rank in Transparency International s Annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)..33 Political Parties in Iraq.......33 Council Seats in New Iraqi Legislature..... 33 Current Membership & Status of Iraqi Cabinet..34 Page

Economic & Quality of Life Indicators Fuel....35 Oil Revenue from Exports......36 Electricity.....37 Nationwide Unemployment Rate... 38 American Aid Appropriated, Obligated and Disbursed towards the Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund........39 Pledges of Reconstruction Aid to Iraq by Country, As of December 31, 5..4 Gross Domestic Product Estimates and Projections........ 41 Change in Iraq s Debt, 4 to 6..41 Estimated Appropriations Provided for Operations in Iraq and the War on Terror; 1-7..4 Inflation....4 Trained Judges. 43 Telephone subscribers.....43 Internet subscribers. 44 Media....44 Doctors in Iraq....44 Number of Registered Cars 44 Education Indicators Enrollment.......45 Polling/Politics Iraq: Where Things Stand 7 46 Public Attitudes in Iraq: Four Year Anniversary of Invasion 5 7, 6: World Opinion Poll.org PIPA: The Iraqi Public on the US Presence and the Future of Iraq......5 June 14 4, 6: International Republican Institute......53 January 31, 6: World Opinion Poll.org What the Iraqi Public Wants.....55 PLEASE NOTE: THE IRAQ INDEX WILL NOT BE UPDATED AGAIN UNTIL JANUARY 3, 8 3

TRACKING THE SURGE ESTIMATED NUMBER OF IRAQI CIVILIAN FATALITIES BY MONTH, MAY 3-PRESENT 4 35 3 5 15 1 5-3 January-4 Signifies the start of a new calendar year January-5 January-6 January-7 NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: See subset graphs on following page for exact monthly figures and explanations regarding sources and methodologies for various time periods. 4

DETAILED EXPLANATION OF IRAQI CIVILIAN FATALITY ESTIMATES BY TIME PERIOD MAY 3-DECEMBER 5 1 35 333 3 5 638 14 1964 1777 15 167 1517 1448 1599 1658 164 16 19 119 11 1434 139 1333 1333 1 1517 1376 1348 1 866 935 86 85 938 831 817 93 5 677-3 June August October December January-4 February April June August October December January-5 February April June August October December Signifies the start of a new calendar year NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: In previous editions of the Iraq Index, attempts were made to distinguish between those civilian fatalities caused by acts of war and those caused by other violent means for this time period. These estimates have now been combined in order to provide a consistent comparison with subsequent years where it became evident that making such a distinction was not feasible. See endnote for more specific detail as to how these estimates were calculated. JANUARY-DECEMBER 6 4 379 35 359 346 3345 3149 3 39 914 669 5 378 84 165 1778 15 1 5 January- 6 February April June August October December NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: Our estimates from January-December 6 are based upon the numbers published in the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq, Human Rights Report: 1 3 June, 6 and subsequent reports. This data combines the Iraq Ministry of Health s tally of deaths counted at hospitals with the Baghdad Medico-Legal Institute s tally of deaths counted at morgues. JANUARY 7-PRESENT 3 3 8 5 19 18 175 175 15 16 16 1 9 8 65 5 January-7 February April June August October NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: Figures for January-August are approximations based on a graph presented by Gen. David Petraeus during Congressional testimony given on 1-11, 7 and reprinted in the U.S. Department of State s Iraq Weekly Status Report dated 1, 7. Updates for subsequent months have been provided by the U.S. Department of Defense. 5

NUMBER OF NEW U.S. TROOPS DEPLOYED TO BAGHDAD 4 18, 16, 14, 1, 1, 8, 16,7 6, 13, 4, 9,5 6,,,7 February 1 14 April 4 1 June 18 AS OF NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: According to Lt. Col. Carl Ey, as of 1, 7, there were a total of 1, U.S. troops deployed in all of Iraq as a result of the troop increase announced by President Bush in January 7. Figures from previous months suggest that this represents a net increase of troops, with the total number in theater going from approximately 13, in mid-february to 141, in early 7. IRAQI TROOPS IN BAGHDAD: ACTUAL NUMBER REPORTED FOR DUTY AS A PERCENTAGE OF PROPER BATTALION STRENGTH 5 1% 1% 8% 6% 95-15% 4% 65-85% >9% 55-65% % % 1 thru 7 8 thru 14 15 thru 1 NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: These figures refer to all Iraqi battalions that have been deployed to Baghdad. According to Gen. William Caldwell, the added contribution of Iraqi forces to Operation Fardh al-qanoon (Enforcing the Law) in Baghdad is 9 battalions, all of which were in theater as of 8, 7. 6

CURRENT DISPOSITION OF COMBAT FORCES IN IRAQ MULTI-NATIONAL DIVISION BAGHDAD 1 st Brigade Combat Team (BCT), 1 st Cavalry Division nd BCT, nd Infantry Division nd BCT, 1 st Cavalry Division nd BCT, 8 nd Airborne Division nd BCT, 1 st Infantry Division 4th BCT, 1st Infantry Division MULTI-NATIONAL DIVISION CENTER nd BCT, 3 rd Infantry Division (Iskandirya) 4 th BCT, 5 th Infantry Division (Iskandirya) 3 rd BCT, 3 rd Infantry Division (Besmiya) 31 st Infantry Brigade [Georgia] (Kut) nd BCT, 1 th Mountain Division (Baghdad) MULTI-NATIONAL DIVISION NORTH 3 rd BCT, 1 st Cavalry Division (N. Diyala) 4 th Stryker BCT, nd Infantry Division (Taji) 4 th BCT, 1 st Cavalry Division (Mosul) 3 rd BCT, 5 th Infantry Division (Kirkuk) 3 rd Stryker BCT, nd Infantry Division (Baquba) 3 rd BCT, 8 nd Airborne Division (Tikrit) MULTI-NATIONAL FORCE WEST / II MARINE EXPEDITIONARY FORCE (Forward) 1st BCT, 3 rd Infantry Division (Ramadi) Regimental Combat Team 6 (Falluja) Regimental Combat Team (Asad) 13 th Marine Expeditionary Unit MULTI-NATIONAL DIVISION SOUTHEAST 1 st Mechanized Brigade (Basra) MULTI-NATIONAL DIVISION CENTRAL-SOUTH Polish Battle Group (Diwaniyah) AS OF: August 15, 7 U.S./COALITION AND IRAQI SECURITY FORCES OPERATING IN BAGHDAD AND THE BELTS SURROUNDING BAGHDAD 6 U.S./COALITION FORCES IRAQI SECURITY FORCES Baghdad 6 Brigades (4 Battalions) TOTAL BRIGADES DETAIL: Baghdad Belts 6 Brigades ( Battalions) Army Forces 35, National Police Forces 19, Local Police Forces 5,+ TOTAL FORCES ~5, TOTAL FORCES 79,+ AS OF: MAY 31, 7 NOTE ON THIS TABLE: Figures reported by Gen. Ray Odierno during a press conference from Iraq. For Iraqi security forces, no distinction was made between those battalions operating within Baghdad and those operating in the surrounding belts. 7

ENEMY-INITIATED ATTACKS AGAINST THE COALITION AND ITS PARTNERS 7 NOTE ON ENEMY-INITIATED ATTACKS TABLE: The data for 6 and 7 does not separate attacks against Iraqi government officials from attacks against Iraqi civilians. IRAQI MILITARY & POLICE KILLED MONTHLY 8 35 3 96 34 8 3 59 5 15 1 65 16 199 176 19 13 33 33 4 15 17 15 193 189 191 1 176 158 15 13 15 15 1313 91 3 198197 114 96 89 76 57 5 Monthly average 4/3-1/4 February April June August October December February April June August October December February April June August October December Total June 3 through December, 7: 7,751 1,3 Iraqi military and police were killed between June 3 and January 4, 5 according to Iraqi Minister of Interior Falah Hasan Al-Naqib. Iraqi Officers, Police Members Killed so Far Total 1,3, Kuwait News Agency (KUNA) January 4, 5. Maj. Gen. Joseph Peterson, the top American police trainer in Iraq, noted through his spokesperson that 1,497 Iraqi police officers were killed and 3,56 wounded in 5. Eric Schmitt,, More MPs Will Help Train the Iraqi Police, New York Times, January 16, 6. 8

NUMBER OF PATROLS CARRIED OUT BY U.S. AND IRAQI FORCES (PER WEEK) 9 35, 3, 5,, 15, 3, 1,, 5, 1, February 7* February 14 February 1 WEEK BEGINNING *This is the week before the start of Operation Fardh al-qanoon (Enforcing the Law) NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: According to Rear Adm. Mark Fox, more than half of the 3, patrols conducted the week beginning February 1 were conducted exclusively by Iraqi Security Forces and all were conducted in and around Baghdad. NUMBER OF JOINT SECURITY STATIONS (JSS S) AND COMBAT OUTPOSTS (CO S) ESTABLISHED BY U.S. AND IRAQI FORCES IN BAGHDAD 1 8 7 6 5 4 1 8 68 Combined JSS and CO Combat Outposts Joint Security Stations 3 1 1 14 15 1 4 6 8 February 14 February 1 February 8 7 14 April 13 31 June 7 AS OF NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: Joint Security Stations (JSS s) and Combat Outposts (CO s) are security checkpoints to be set up in key strategic areas throughout Baghdad and manned 4 hours per day by elements of both U.S. and Iraqi security forces. As reported in the New York Times on 16, 7, the differences between them are that JSS s are manned with more forces (between 1 and 15) and are seen to be permanent, perhaps to be transformed into Iraqi police stations. As Operation Fardh al-qanoon has progressed, official press briefings have increasingly reported the combined total number of JSS s and CO s. 9

MULTIPLE FATALITY BOMBINGS 11 8 7 65 69 6 5 4 3 1 19 17 16 17 17 18 13 14 11 13 13 11 9 9 9 9 1 6 4 3 1-3 Jan-4 8 36 34 6 7 46 39 41 Jan-5 1 3 39 37 4 56 57 53 5 57 56 44 56 51 53 4 43 39 8 3 34 Jan-6 Jan-7 Total as of December, 7: 1,618 (of which at least 57 (35.4%) were suicide bombings) KILLED AND WOUNDED IN MULTIPLE FATALITY BOMBINGS 1 18 169 17 16 159 14 1 1 8 6 4-3 96 53 45 13 74 8 7 4 5 Jan-4 61 154 445 99 37 64 31 54 134 4 434 75 Jan-5 936 174 6 546 54 539 481 49 414 398 397 395 36 97 31 35 7 7 46 17 153 17 Jan-6 1 749 99 1161 137 154 131 184 1153 873 86 767 695 74 74 659 651 633 666 574 443 58 49 367 394 34 91 Jan-7 19 118 3 138 Killed Wounded Total as of December, 7: Killed: 15,187 Wounded: 3,686 NOTE ON MULTIPLE FATALITY BOMBINGS AND KILLED AND WOUNDED IN MULTIPLE FATALITY BOMBINGS TABLES: Included as data for these graphs are any bombings (including IEDs / roadside bombs) that caused at least three fatalities. The data on multiple fatality IED / roadside bombs are estimates and may have a margin of error of +/- one bomb and approximately five fatalities and five wounded.

MULTIPLE FATALITY BOMBINGS BY TYPE SINCE JANUARY 7 13 6 7 5 1 4 3 1 6 7 31 1 14 35 4 16 11 4 9 34 7 1 5 5 15 11 3 5 1 1 3 3 15 8 4 11 16 5 5 1 6 6 1 8 7 6 9 4 7 1 Roadside Other (e.g. Vests) Vehicle Suicide Bombings Jan-7 February April June August Total from January 1, 7 to December, 7 NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: The count of suicide bombings refers to the ratio of the total represented by the bar graph, and should not be double-counted. In most cases, Other refers to suicide vest bombs but can also refer to bombs that do not fit into the other two categories, such as those left in trash cans, under market stalls, etc. By definition, Roadside bombs cannot be carried out by a suicide attacker. October December DETAILED BREAKDOWN OF DEATHS ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE FATALITY BOMBINGS IN IRAQ, 7 14 Jan Feb April June Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec CIVILIANS Shiite 85 459 493 413 18 18 36 61 7 4 54 Sunni 3 7 78 8 53 8 47 64 19 1 16 Kurd 8 11 3 4 134 411 15 Indiscriminate 33 46 6 17 54 3 3 6 34 6 4 OFFICIALS Unknown 1 36 4 1 16 16 31 46 36 75 6 36 CIVILIAN SUBTOTAL 379 6 631 634 35 47 57 588 159 157 66 9 Iraqi Security 4 76 6 3 97 1 75 43 1 66 35 47 U.S./Coalition 1 1 34 8 3 8 5 17 1 7 1 Iraqi Government 74 17 8 8 1 OFFICIAL SUBTOTAL 5 86 4 6 3 147 8 68 31 74 5 48 TOTAL 49 78 671 694 58 394 65 656 19 31 118 138 NOTE ON THIS TABLE: Totals shown correlate directly with the reported deaths of the attacks illustrated in the above graph. This does not necessarily mean that each fatality was a member of that sectarian group, only that the bombing occurred in an area in which that group was in the majority. Although those multiple fatality bombings directly targeting U.S., Coalition and Iraqi security forces have been omitted, in few instances elements of these forces were included among those killed, although in each of the cases they were in the stark minority. 11

NUMBER OF MULTIPLE FATALITY BOMBINGS TARGETING CIVILIANS, BY SECTARIAN GROUP AND MONTH 15 5 45 4 8 1 35 6 4 1 3 3 8 15 8 Unknown 5 15 1 4 3 5 16 7 6 5 17 4 1 4 4 4 3 16 6 5 1 7 4 3 13 4 1 6 6 IND* Kurd Sunni Shiite 5 1 11 3 4 1 7 5 3 5 January February April June August October December *IND: Indiscriminate Total from January 1, 7 to December, 7 NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: Iraqi civilians were the primary target for each multiple fatality bombing illustrated. Those classified as Shiite, Sunni or Kurd were bombings that either directly targeted that sectarian group or occurred in an area reported to be predominantly composed of that sectarian group. Indiscriminate bombings took place in areas of a mixed sectarian population and those classified as Unknown did not have the sectarian grouping or exact location reported. NUMBER OF NEWLY DISPLACED PEOPLE PER MONTH IN IRAQ, INTERNALLY AND ABROAD 16 MONTH DISPLACED PERSONS January ~9, February ~9, ~9, April ~9, ~8, June ~6, ~6, August ~6, ~5, October ~5, ~4, 1

NUMBER AND CURRENT STATUS OF CONCERNED LOCAL CITIZENS (CLC S) IN IRAQ 17 BROAD FIGURES CURRENT NUMBER OF CLC s Officially Registered with the U.S. Military ~7, Under Contract with U.S. Military (for approximately $3/month) ~6, Currently Serving as Volunteers ~1, That are Shiite ~16,5 (3%) INTEGRATION INTO IRAQI SECURITY FORCES (ISF) CURRENT NUMBER OF CLC s Integrated into the ISF 1,738 Vetted by the Iraqi Government and Awaiting Assignment, Somewhere in the Vetting Pipeline 8, The Iraqi Government has Committed to Employing as Baghdad Police 1, Expressing Interest in Joining the ISF 18, AS OF: December 9, 7 NOTE ON THIS CHART: The majority of the estimated 5, volunteers that formed the Awakening Movement in Anbar province are NOT included in the above U.S. figures. The phrase Concerned Local Citizens, coined by the U.S. military, refers to Iraqi civilians who have volunteered to ally with U.S. forces in providing security against insurgents and militias at the local level. Thus far the Iraqi central government has been reluctant to integrate CLC s into official security forces. As a result, the U.S. military is launching a new civilian job corps to transition some CLC s from security to civil projects. This will start in January 8 with 5 CLC s from Baghdad. The U.S. military hopes to expand the initial program and transfer its funding and management to the Iraqi government by the end of 8. 13

PROGRESS OF POLITICAL BENCHMARKS AGREED UPON BETWEEN THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION AND THE IRAQI GOVERNMENT, AS WELL AS OTHER SIGNIFICANT POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS 18 Political Benchmark Current Status Potential Hurdles Oil Revenue Sharing February 7: Draft law passed in the Cabinet but not yet voted on in Parliament 7: During the week of 1, officials from the Kurdish Regional Government will arrive in Baghdad to discuss differences with central-government authorities. Iraq Federation of Oil Unions has come out against the draft, as has the Iraqi National slate, led by former PM Ilyad al-allawi Reversing de- Baathification 7: PM Nouri al-maliki and President Jalal Talabani sent a draft law to the Cabinet for debate 7: Iraqi VP Tariq al-hashemi announced that proposals for revising the law would be submitted to parliament during the week of 1. 7: Increased participation in fostering security by Sunni groups commonly known as Concerned Local Citizens has resulted in some de facto accommodations 7: Members of parliament loyal to Moqtada al-sadr vehemently objected to the latest proposed legislation approved by the Cabinet New election laws Schedule provincial elections Disbanding militias Plan of national reconciliation Amending the Constitution to address Sunni concerns No progress thus far 7: PM Nouri al-maliki stated publicly that provincial elections would be held by the end of calendar year 7. No political progress thus far, although Coalition and Iraqi security forces have engaged and detained militia members No progress thus far The parliament s constitutional reform committee voted on 15, 7, to submit a set of revisions to lawmakers the week of 1. However, the controversial issues of the rights of provinces to form powerful regions (similar to that of the Kurds) and references to Iraq s Arab identity are yet to be debated. AS OF: 5, 7 The benchmarks listed above were taken from a letter from Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to Senator Carl Levin sent in January 7 as mentioned in Newsweek s April, 7 edition. 14

OTHER NOTEWORTHY POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS 19 *April 15, 7: Shiite cleric Moqtada al-sadr withdrew his 6 ministers from the Iraqi cabinet. They represented the Ministries of Health, Transportation, Tourism & Antiquities, Agriculture, Civil Society and Provincial Affairs, respectively. There are 38 total cabinet posts in the current Iraqi government. *June : The Iraqi Accordance Front, the largest Sunni bloc in the Iraqi parliament with 44 members, announced it was boycotting the 75-seat house to protest the ouster of Sunni speaker Mahmoud al-mashhadani. They were joined by the smaller National Dialogue Front, which had 11 seats. *June 9, 7: The leading Sunni coalition, the Accordance Front, withdrew its six ministers from the Iraqi Cabinet in protest to the dismissal of Sunni Speaker Mahmoud al-mashhadani and because of criminal accusations made against Sunni Culture Minister Asad Kamal al-hashimi. As a result, 13 of 38 Cabinet positions are now unfilled. * 17, 7: The Shiite political bloc loyal to Moqtada al-sadr announced that they were ending their month-long boycott of the Iraqi parliament and would return to work immediately. * 18, 7: The largest Sunni coalition, the Accordance Front, ended its boycott of parliament following the reinstatement of ousted speaker Mahmoud al-mashhadani. *August 5, 7: 5 secular cabinet members allied with former PM Iyad Allawi announced that they were boycotting cabinet meetings, though they would continue the day-to-day administration of their respective ministries. * 8, 7: The National Dialogue Front, a secular Sunni bloc, announced that its 11 legislators were ending their boycott of parliament EFFECTS OF OPERATION FARDH AL-QANOON ON IRAQI PROVINCES PROVINCE Anbar DEVELOPMENT *Violent attacks in the Ramadi region have dropped from 5 per day in 6 to 4 per day since the Surge (April 9, 7) *In 6, there were 811 attacks throughout the province. In 7, that figure was just over 4 ( 31, 7) In the city of Ramadi, there were 34 attacks in 6 compared to 3 in 7 *Since the beginning of 7, 1, Iraqis have volunteered for the security forces. In all of 6, 1, volunteered ( 31, 7) *There has been roughly a 3% increase in offensive actions and attacks in Diyala province ( 9, 7) Diyala Baghdad *In 6, Diyala province was the eighth-deadliest province (of Iraq s 18) for U.S. troops (April, 7) Thus far in 7, it ranks as the third-deadliest province behind Baghdad and Anbar * Over the past five months, attacks on U.S. and Iraqi troops have increased 7% (April 16, 7) It was reported on April 15, 7, that almost a full brigade of between, and 3, soldiers is being sent to reinforce the territory between Baghdad and Baqubah, the provincial capital *In all of 6, 66 weapons caches were found within all security districts. Thus far in 7, 441 have been found ( 31, 7) EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL ACTORS ON IRAQI SECURITY 1 *April 11, 7- During a press briefing from Baghdad, Major Marty Weber reported that between 4 and 6 foreign fighters per month are crossing into Iraq via the Syrian border. During that same briefing, General William Caldwell stated that there was evidence that Iran has been giving assistance to Sunni insurgent groups, though to a much lesser degree than to Shiite extremists. 15

NOTE ON THE METHODOLOGY OF THE IRAQ INDEX: Although the footnotes to the Iraq Index document our sources in detail, it is worth noting here a few broad points. The majority of our information comes from the U.S. Government, though we must often analyze it and process it further to show trends over the full period since Saddam Hussein fell in 3. Some information comes from foreign journalists on the ground and from nongovernmental organizations; a very modest amount to date comes from Iraqi sources. Most tables and charts are straightforward representations of data as we obtain it from the above primary sources, with only modest further analysis and processing required. However, a few graphics, such as those on crime and unemployment rates, require more methodological work (and more assumptions) on our part and are as a result also perhaps somewhat less precise than most of the tables and charts. U.S. TROOP FATALITIES SINCE MARCH 19, 3 16 SECURITY INDICATORS 14 135 137 1 13 16 16 113 19 1 96 13 8 6 4 8 74 65 46 47 37 36 9 3 31 3 16 1 11 13 14 7 44 4 1 7 8 8 7 65 64 53 54 5 4 19 16 15 1 1 11 9 9 8 11 5 83 85 84 79 76 78 84 7 81 8 78 69 69 68 65 61 61 6 58 54 54 5 49 43 38 35 31 8 19 17 19 4 3 14 14 11 1 1 1 9 1 11 1 5 11 1 1 9 7 8 7 7 7 8 4 5 6 4 4 7 4 17 7 Fatalities (All)* Fatalities (non-hostile incidents) Start of New Calendar Year June December June December June December June December June December Total from 19, 3 (start of major combat operations) through December, 7: Fatalities (all kinds): 3,894 Fatalities in hostile incidents: 3,171 Fatalities in non-hostile incidents: 73 * In order to determine the monthly fatalities from hostile incidents, subtract the blue data point from the corresponding yellow data point. NOTE ON U.S. TROOP FATALITIES SINCE MARCH 19, 3 TABLE: The daily Department of Defense casualty reports that we use for our monthly estimates on U.S troops killed doesn t make entirely clear when in a 4 hour period casualties were incurred. Since the reports are published 1 AM daily, there is the possibility that our numbers for January 5 and onwards are slightly off due to uncertainties about whether casualties occurred on the first and last day of each month. We have chosen to interpret the numbers in the casualty report as representing fatalities that occurred throughout the previous day. Total fatalities include seven civilians working for the Department of Defense. 16

CAUSE OF DEATH FOR US TROOPS 3 Month Improvised Explosive Device Car Bombs Mortars/ Rockets Rocket Propelled Grenades 17 Helicopter Losses* Other Hostile Fire Non- Hostile Causes* 3 (%) (%) (%) (%) 8 (1.3%) 5 (76.9%) 7 (1.8%) 65 April (%) (%) 3 (4.1%) 4 (5.4%) 8 (1.8%) 41 (55.4%) 18(4.3%) 74 (%) (%) (%) (%) 7 (18.9%) 6 (16.%) 4 (64.9%) 37 June (%) (%) (%) 4 (13.3%) (%) 14 (46.6%) 1 (4.%) 3 4 (8.3%) (%) (%) 9 (18.8%) (%) 15 (31.3%) (41.7%) 48 August 7 (%) (%) (%) (5.7%) (%) 7 (%) 19 (54.3%) 35 5 (16.1%) (%) (6.5%) (6.5%) 1 (3.%) 9 (9%) 1 (38.7%) 31 October 13 (9.5%) (%) 4 (9.1%) (4.5%) (%) 14 (31.8%) 11 (5%) 44 (4.4%) (%) 1 (1.%) 1 (1.%) 39 (47.6%) 8 (9.8%) 13 (15.8%) 8 December 18 (45%) 1 (.5%) (5%) (%) (%) 4 (1%) 15 (37.5%) 4 January 4 (4.6%) 3 (6.4%) 4 (8.5%) 1 (.1%) 14 (9.8%) 4 (8.5%) 1 (.1%) 47 February 9 (45%) (%) (1%) (%) (1%) 3 (15%) 4 (%) 19 (36.5%) (%) 4 (7.7%) (%) (%) 1 (3.1%) 17 (3.7%) 5 April 16 (11.9%) 1 (7.4%) 7 (5.%) 13 (9.6%) (1.5%) 78 (57.8%) 9 (6.7%) 135 1 (6.3%) (.5%) 1 (15%) (.5%) (%) 5 (31.3%) 18 (.5%) 8 June 1 (8.6%) (4.8%) 7 (16.7%) 1 (.4%) (%) 15 (35.7%) 5 (11.9%) 4 17 (31.5%) (3.7%) 7 (13%) (3.7%) (%) 16 (9.6%) 1 (18.5%) 54 August 16 (4.%) (%) (3%) 4 (6.1%) (3%) 33 (5%) 9 (13.6%) 66 15 (18.8%) 11(13.8%) 4 (5%) (.5%) (%) 37 (46.3%) 11 (13.8%) 8 October 1 (19%) 19 (3.%) (3.%) 4 (6.3%) (3.%) 19 (3.%) 5 (7.9%) 63 18 (13.1%) 6 (4.4%) 4 (.9%) 4 (.9%) (%) 93 (67.9%) 1 (8.8%) 137 December 14 (19.4%) (.8%) 1 (1.4%) (%) (.8%) 41 (56.9%) 1 (16.7%) 7 January 5 9 (7.1%) 3 (.8%) 3 (.8%) 8 (7.5%) 33 (3.8%) 11 (1.3%) (18.7%) 17 February 5 (43.1%) 1 (1.7%) 1 (1.7%) (%) (%) 15 (5.9%) 16 (7.6%) 58 13 (37.1%) 7 (%) 1 (.9%) (%) (%) 1 (8.6%) 4 (11.4%) 35 April (38.5%) 7 (13.5%) 5 (9.6%) (3.8%) (%) 1 (3.1%) 6 (11.5%) 5 33 (41.%) 1 (1.5%) 6 (7.5%) (.5%) (.5%) 14 (17.5%) 13 (16.3%) 8 June 36 (46.%) 8 (1.3%) (.6%) 3 (3.8%) (.6%) 18 (3.1%) 9 (11.5%) 78 36 (66.7%) (3.7%) 3 (5.6%) (%) (%) 4 (7.4%) 9 (16.7%) 54 August 4 (47.1%) 7 (8.%) 1 (1.%) (%) (%) 7 (31.8%) 1 (11.8%) 85 37 (75.5%) (%) (4.1%) (%) (%) 3 (6.1%) 7 (14.3%) 49 October 57 (59.4%) (.1%) 7 (7.3%) (%) (%) 11 (11.5%) 19 (19.8%) 96 4 (47.6%) 6 (7.1%) (%) (%) (.4%) 4 (8.6%) 1 (14.3%) 84 December 4 (61.8%) 3 (4.4%) (.9%) 1 (1.5%) (.9%) 9 (13.%) 9 (13.%) 68 January 6 4 (38.7%) 3 (4.8%) (%) 1 (1.6%) 13 (1%) 1 (16.1%) 11 (17.7%) 6 February 36 (65.5%) (3.6%) 1 (1.8%) (%) (%) 7 (1.7%) 9 (16.4%) 55 1 (38.7%) 1 (3.%) 3 (9.7%) 1 (3.%) (%) 9 (9%) 5 (16.1%) 31 April 45 (59.%) 1 (1.3%) 1 (1.3%) 1 (1.3%) (.6%) 15 (19.7%) 11 (14.5%) 76 36 (5.%) (.9%) (%) (%) 4 (5.8%) 17 (4.6%) 1 (14.5%) 69 June 33 (54.1%) (%) 1 (1.6%) (%) (%) 3 (37.7%) 4 (6.6%) 61 1 (48.8%) 3 (6.9%) (%) 1 (.3%) (%) 13 (3.%) 5 (11.6%) 43 August 9 (44.6%) (%) (%) (%) (3.1%) 9 (44.6%) 5 (7.7%) 65 9 (4.8%) 4 (5.6%) 1 (1.4%) 1 (1.4%) (%) 6 (36.6%) 1 (14.1%) 71 October 5 (49.5%) (%) (%) 1 (1%) (%) 46 (43.8%) 6 (5.7%) 15 38 (54.3%) (%) (%) (%) (.9%) (31.4%) 8 (11.4%) 7 December 7 (6.6%) (%) 1 (.9%) 1 (.9%) 5 (4.3%) 6 (.6%) 1 (8.7%) 115 January 7 34 (4.5%) (%) 1 (1.%) (%) 14 (16.7%) 3 (35.7%) 5 (5.9%) 84 February 5 (31.6%) (.5%) (%) (%) 9 (11.4%) 33 (45.8%) 1 (13.9%) 79 51 (6.%) (%) (.4%) (%) (%) 19 (3.%) 1 (1.%) 8 April 6 (57.7 %) (%) 1 (1.%) 1 (1.%) (%) 34 (3.7%) 8 (7.7%) 14 8 (64.6%) (%) (%) (%) (1.6%) 37 (9.1%) 6 (4.7%) 17 June 57 (57.%) (%) (%) 4 (4.%) (%) 31 (31%) 8 (8.%) 1 46 (57.5%) (%) (.5%) 1 (1.3%) 1 (1.3%) 19 (3.8 %) 11 (13.8%) 8 August 3 (38.1%) (%) (%) 4 (4.8%) 19 (.6%) (.6%) 9 (1.7%) 84 5 (38.5%) 1 (1.5%) (%) 3 (4.6%) (%) 13 (.%) 3 (35.4%) 65 October (5.6%) (%) (5.3%) (%) (%) 7 (18.4%) 9 (3.7%) 38 6 (7.3%) (%) (.%) (%) (%) 6 (16.%) 5 (19.%) 37 December 7 (46.7%) (%) (.%) (%) (%) 3 (.%) 5 (33.3%) 15 Total 1,556 133 117 93 1 1,196 6 3,897 (39.9%) (3.4%) (3.%) (.4%) (5.%) (3.7%) (15.4%) NOTE ON CAUSE OF DEATH DETAIL TABLE: Through December, 7: Helicopter losses include deaths caused by both nonhostile helicopter accidents and helicopters downed by hostile fire. 4 The Non-Hostile Causes data then does not include non-hostile helicopter losses. 5 Total

AMERICAN MILITARY FATALITIES BY CATEGORY MARCH 19, 3 DECEMBER 8, 7 6 Category Total fatalities as of December 8, 7: 3,877 Gender Male: 3,786 Female: 91 Age Younger than : 97-4: 1,6 5-3: 1,54 31-35: 397 Older than 35: 457 Component Active: 3,146 Reserve: 9 National Guard: 441 Military service Army:,775 Marines: 97 Navy: 86 Air Force: 43 Coast Guard: 1 Officers/Enlisted Officer: 364 E5-E9: 1,5 E1-E4:,63 Race/Ethnicity American Indian or Alaska Native: 4 Asian: 73 Black or African American: 368 Hispanic or Latino: 418 Multiple races, pending or unknown: 45 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander: 43 White:,89 U.S. TROOPS WOUNDED IN ACTION SINCE MARCH 3 7 16 14 1,431 1 114 1 8 6 4 34 55 413 336 6 47 61 147 15 34 759 588 Jan-4 894 79 65 544 415 371 65 575 541 477 4 413 89 Jan-5 Jan-6 78 7 754 635634 64 669 588 68 548 55 54 496 57 44 459 376 Jan-7 97 197 Total from 19, 3 through December, 7: 8,711 The daily Department of Defense casualty reports that we use for our monthly estimates on U.S troops wounded does not make it entirely clear when in a 4-hour period casualties were incurred. Since the reports are published at 1AM daily, there is possibility that our numbers for January 5 and onwards are slightly off due to uncertainties about whether casualties occurred on the first or the last of each month. 19 18

BRITISH MILITARY FATALITIES SINCE MARCH 19, 3 8 3 5 7 15 1 1 5 6 Mar-3 4 6 1 6 1 1 1 5 Jan-4 1 1 1 Total through December, 7: 174 4 4 3 1 Jan-5 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 Jan.-6 9 1 1 3 6 1 3 3 Jan.-7 1 3 8 7 4 1 1 NON-U.S. & U.K. COALITION MILITARY FATALITIES SINCE MARCH 19, 3 9 3 5 7 15 1 5 1 Mar-3 8 Jan-4 5 4 7 5 4 3 Total through December, 7: 133 3 Jan-5 1 3 6 4 1 1 1 Jan.-6 5 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 Jan.-7 19

NON-U.S. COALITION TROOP FATALITIES BY COUNTRY SINCE MARCH 19, 3 3 18 174 16 14 1 1 8 6 4 33 3 18 13 11 7 5 4 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 U.K Italy Poland Ukraine Bulgaria Spain Denmark El Salvador Slovakia Latvia Romania Australia Estonia Netherlands Thailand Czech Republic Hungary South Korea Kazakhstan Georgia Total through December, 7: 37 NON-IRAQI CIVILIANS KILLED SINCE MAY 3 31 35 31 3 9 5 6 5 1 19 15 1 5-3 14 1 11 Jan-4 4 11 13 13 1515 11 7 Jan-5 7 11 6 6 5 15 6 1 1 3 3 1 7 13 1 Jan-6 9 17 14 7 3 8 1 3 Jan-7 Total through December, 7: 51 NOTE ON NON-IRAQI CIVILIANS KILLED IN IRAQ: Total includes two contractors whose dates of death are unknown at this time and are thus not included on the above chart. This list is incomplete and does not include an additional 44 contractors that were killed up until December 31, 4. Since we do not know during which month these deaths occurred they are not represented in the graph above. As of, 5, there were more than, foreign (non-iraqi) private military contractors in Iraq. 6, of these are in armed tactical roles. Peter W. Singer, Outsourcing War, Foreign Affairs, 5. 1 5 5 9 3 3

JOURNALISTS KILLED IN IRAQ 3 3 14 4 4 5 3 6 3 7 31 Total 14 NATIONALITIES OF JOURNALISTS KILLED IN IRAQ 33 Iraqi 1 European 1 American Other Arab Countries 3 All Others 5 Total 14 CIRCUMSTANCES OF JOURNALIST DEATHS 34 Murder 84 Crossfire or other 4 acts of war Total 14 NOTE ON JOURNALIST DEATHS: A broader tally of journalist deaths that includes media workers such as drivers and interpreters, as well as non-hostile but war-related deaths, finds 168 total fatalities. 35 IRAQIS KIDNAPPED 36 January 4 per day in Baghdad December 4 1 per day in Baghdad December 5 Up to 3 per day nationwide 6 3-4 per day nationwide NOTE ON IRAQIS KIDNAPPED TABLE: The numbers on this table may be lower than the actual number of kidnappings as the Iraqi Police suggests wide underreporting. Ellen Knickmeyer and Jonathon Finer, In Iraq, 45 Foreigners Estimated Kidnapped Since 3, Washington Post, December 5, 5. The Iraqi Interior Ministry estimates that 5, Iraqis were kidnapped nationwide between December 3 and April 5 (Haifa Zangana, Blair Made a Pledge to Iraqis Once, The Guardian, April, 5). According to Assad Abboud, Iraq s Forgotten Kidnap Victims Suffer in Silence, Agence France Presse, 5, 6, the average ransom price for a kidnapped Iraqi is $3,. The American Embassy in Baghdad estimated that 5-3 Iraqis are abducted each day, but also acknowledged the uncertainty of such a figure (Kirk Semple, Kidnapped in Iraq: Victim s Tale of Clockwork Death and Ransom, New York Times, 7, 6). IRAQI CIVILIANS KILLED BY US TROOPS 37 5 Average of 7 per week January 6 4 per week August 6 1 per week NOTE ON IRAQI CIVILIANS KILLED BY US TROOPS: The military has recently announced that an average of one Iraqi civilian per day was killed in escalation of force incidents alone in 5. Josh White, Charles Lane and Julie Tate, Homicide Charges Rare in Iraq War; Few Troops Tried for Killing Civilians, Washington Post, August 8, 6. 1

FOREIGN NATIONALS KIDNAPPED IN IRAQ SINCE MAY 3 38 Month Foreigners Kidnapped Developments* Date of capture unknown 14 3 killed 3 October 3 1 1 released Dec. 3 4 April 43 3 killed, 3 released, 1 escaped 1 killed June 3 killed, 1 escaped 6 3 killed, 13 released, 1 rescued, 1 escaped August 3 15 killed, 15 released 31 4 killed, 4 released, 1 rescued October 7 3 killed, released 5 1 killed, 1 released December January 5 13 1 released February 1 8 released 5 3 released April 7 6 released 4 1 killed, 1 rescued June 6 3 killed August 4 killed, 1 released 3 1 killed, 6 released October 3 1 released 11 1 killed, released December 13 killed, 1 released January 6 5 released February 1 6 released 1 killed, 1 released, 3 rescued April 1 4 released June 5 6 killed 1 August 1 released October 1 5 1 escaped, 1 killed December 4 January 7 3 February 3 1 released April 5 June August October December Total through December, 7 35 54 killed, 147 released, 4 escaped, 6 rescued, 89 unknown NOTE ON FOREIGN NATIONALS KIDNAPPED IN IRAQ TABLE:*Developments: This category shows activity in the status of hostages, but does not necessarily apply to hostages kidnapped during the same month. Please see footnote for more information. According to the Baghdad Hostage Working Group at the US Embassy in Baghdad as cited in Erik Rye and Joon Mo Kang, Hostages of War, New York Times, 17, 6, 439 foreigners have been kidnapped in Baghdad since the start of the war. These include 165 private contractors, 63 (mostly truck) drivers, 39 journalists, 3 NGO workers, and 15 diplomats/gov t employees. An Associated Press tally shows that at least 13 Americans have been kidnapped. Four have been killed, four have escaped or been freed and five are considered taken, missing, or unknown. This list may be incomplete. The Fate of Americans Taken Hostage in Iraq, Associated Press, January, 6.

IRAQI PRISON POPULATION 39 Peak prison population in 3 1, June 4 5,435 5,7 (of which 9 are foreign nationals) 5,5 (whereof are women, 65-7 are juveniles and 13-14 are foreign nationals) October 4,3 8,3 January 5 7,837 June 1,783 15, August 14, 14, October 13, 13, held by American troops plus an additional 1, held by Iraqi authorities December ~ 14, in US / Allied custody January 6 14, in US custody February 14,767 in US / Allied custody ~ 15, in US / Allied custody April ~ 15, in US / Allied custody ~14, in US / Allied custody June ~14,5 in US custody, ~13,3 held by Iraqi authorities ~13, in US custody October ~13, in US custody ~ 13, in US custody December ~ 13, in US custody January 7 ~ 14, in US custody February ~ 15, in US custody ~ 17, in US custody ~, in Iraqi custody April ~ 18, in US custody ~ 19,5 in US custody June ~ 1, in US custody ~ 1, in US custody August ~ 3, in US custody ~ 37, in Iraqi custody ~ 5, in US custody October ~ 6, in US custody ~ 5,8 in US custody December ~ 5,1 in US custody NOTE ON IRAQI PRISON POPULATION TABLE: MARCH 7-13,8 prisoners held in Camp Bucca in southern Iraq and 3,3 held in Camp Crocker outside of Baghdad. David Cloud also writes that,8 detainees have been released since August 5. David Cloud, Prisoner is Released Despite Evidence of Role in Bombing, New York Times, 5, 5. JULY 7: U.S. and Iraqi government officials report that an estimated 44, of 65, suspected Iraqi insurgents or sectarian killers detained in Iraq have been released since 3. Cited reasons include prison overcrowding, global politics and corruption in the Iraqi justice system. 3

ESTIMATED NUMBER OF FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN THE INSURGENCY 4 January 4 3-5 Low hundreds Fewer than 1, Fewer than 1, January 5 Fewer than 1, February Fewer than 1, 1, June 75-1, 75-1, August 75-1, 7, October 7, 7, December 7, January 6 7, February 7, 7, April 8, 8, June 8, 8, August 8, 8, October 8, 8, NOTE ON ESTIMATED NUMBER OF FOREIGN FIGHTERS TABLE: [Foreign fighters] are very few in number, although as far as we can tell, they constitute about 1 percent of the suicide bombers. DoD News Briefing with Col. Sean MacFarland, Commander of 1 st Brigade Combat Team, 1 st Armored Division, Stationed in Ramadi, 14, 6. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS ILLEGALLY CROSSING INTO IRAQ TO SUPPORT THE INSURGENCY, 7 41 JANUARY-MAY 8-9 per month JUNE-AUGUST 4-6 per month NATIONALITIES OF FOREIGN MILITANTS IN IRAQ, SEPTEMBER 5 4 Other Countries, 15, 5% Saudi Arabia, 35, 1% Algeria, 6, % Egypt, 4, 13% Syria, 55, 18% Sudan, 45, 15% Yemen, 5, 17% NOTE ON NATIONALITIES OF FOREIGN MILITANTS GRAPH: Two other sources have cited the nationalities of non-iraqi Jihadists (one specifying those captured, the other those killed) in Iraq, and the three reports suggest somewhat different trends. Reuven Paz cites Saudi Arabia as contributing the highest number of jihadists killed (94) from to, 5, followed by Syria (16) and Kuwait (11). Reuven Paz, Arab Volunteers Killed in Iraq: An Analysis, Global Center for International Affairs Center (GLORIA), Occasional Papers, Volume 3 (5), Number 1, 5. 4

COALITION TROOP STRENGTH IN IRAQ SINCE MAY 3 43 Month U.S. troops in Iraq Other coalition troops in Iraq Total international troop Active Reserve Total (excluding U.S. & Iraqi forces) strength in Iraq (includes National Guard) -3 ~14, ~8, 15, 3, 173, June ~16, ~4, 15, 1, 171, ~14, ~5, 149, 1, 17, August ~114, ~5, 139,, 161, ~13, ~9, 13, 4, 156, October ~1, ~9, 131, 5, 156, N/A N/A 13, 3,9 146,9 December ~85,4 ~36,6 1, 4,5 146,5 January -4 N/A N/A 1, 5,6 147,6 February N/A N/A 115, 4, 139, N/A N/A 13, 4, 154, April N/A N/A 137, 5, 16, N/A N/A 138, 4, 16, June 89,7 48,3 138, 3, 161, N/A N/A 14,, 16, August 84, 56, 14, 3,7 163,7 8,8 55, 138, 4,6 16,6 October 8,8 55, 138, 4, 16, 8,8 55, 138, 4, 16, December 8,8 55, 148, 5, 173, January-5 9, 6, 15, 5,3 175,3 February N/A N/A 155, 5, 18, N/A N/A 15,, 17, April N/A N/A 14,, 164, N/A N/A 138, 3, 161, June N/A N/A 135, 3, 158, N/A N/A 138, 3, 161, August N/A N/A 138, 3, 161, N/A N/A 138,, 16, October N/A N/A 15,, 174, N/A N/A 16, 3, 183, December N/A N/A 16, 3, 183, January-6 N/A N/A 136, 1, 157, February N/A N/A 133,, 153, N/A N/A 133,, 153, April N/A N/A 13,, 15, N/A N/A 13,, 15, June N/A N/A 16,9 19, 146,9 N/A N/A 13, 19, 149, August N/A N/A 138, 19, 157, N/A N/A 144, 18, 16, October N/A N/A 144, 17, 161, N/A N/A 14, 18, 158, December N/A N/A 14, 15, 155, January-7 N/A N/A 13, 14,65 146,65 February N/A N/A 135, 14,1 149,1 N/A N/A 14, 13,5 155,5 April N/A N/A 146, 13,196 159,196 N/A N/A 149,7 1,11 161,81 June N/A N/A 157, 11,54 168,54 N/A N/A 16, 11,58 171,58 August N/A N/A 16, 11,685 173,685 N/A N/A 168, 1,79 18,79 October N/A N/A 171, 11,668 18,668 N/A N/A 16, 11,589 173,589 December N/A N/A 16, 1,961 17,961 NOTE ON TABLE: All numbers are end of month estimates or latest data available for the current month. N/A= Not available. 5

ATTACKS ON IRAQI OIL AND GAS PIPELINES, INSTALLATIONS & PERSONNEL 44 35 3 3 5 1 19 17 17 15 1 5 6 Jun-3 August 5 4 9 9 6 October December Feb-4 April 4 7 1 June August Total through December 7, 7: 465 11 1313 1 5 October December Feb-5 April June August October 11 9 9 9 9 December Feb-6 3 1 9 15 6 13 8 April June August October 7 1 4 11 5 5 December February April June 8 3 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 August October December 6

TOP NON-US COALITION CONTRIBUTORS OF MILITARY PERSONNEL IN IRAQ 45 Coalition Country Military Personnel in Iraq As of (date) United Kingdom 4,5 December 15, 7 South Korea 1, 14, 7 Italy December, 6 Poland 9 14, 7 Australia 615 14, 7 Georgia, 9, 7 Romania 6 February, 7 Denmark December, 7 Total Coalition Troops ~1,961 December 19, 7 NOTE ON TOP NON-U.S. COALITION CONTRIBUTORS OF MILITARY PERSONNEL IN IRAQ TABLE: *Number of Total Coalition Troops is from Iraq Weekly Status Report, Department of State, December 19, 7. In addition to the United States, 5 countries are contributors to Iraqi Stability Operations as of 14, 7: Albania, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia/Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, El Salvador, Estonia, Georgia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Singapore, Slovakia, South Korea, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom. Fiji is participating as part of the UN mission in Iraq and Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia and Turkey are NATO countries supporting Iraqi stability operations but are not part of MNF-I. Iraq Weekly Status Report, Department of State, January 4, 7. NUMBER OF DAILY INSURGENT ATTACKS IN IRAQ BY PROVINCE 46 Number of Attacks per Day Province Feb-June 5 Aug 5- Jan 6 Feb- 6 - Aug 6 Aug- Nov 6 Nov 6- Feb 7 Feb-Apr 7-7 -Nov 7 Cumulative Average % of Total Baghdad.3 1. 8.9 3.3 39.5 44.8 5.7 58. 7.5 35.7 3.3% Al Anbar 1.3 3.3. 31.1 41. 35.3 5.8 11.1 5. 3. 19.5% Salah ad Din 8. 13.8 13.7 15.5.3.8 6. 8.4 17. 18.4 15.6% Diyala 3.1 5.4 8.3 14.5 15.7 16.8 1.8 5. 13.4 13.8 11.7% Ninawa 1.4 8.5 7.6 1.3 9.8 11.5 15. 14. 14.1 11.3 9.6% Al Tamim 3.1 4.7 4.3 4.8 4. 5. 5.7 7. 5.8 5. 4.% Al Basrah 1. 1.1..4 4.9 7.8 8. 8.8 3.9 4.5 3.8% Babil 1.5 1.8 1. 1.9.8. 3.5 3.7.1.3 1.9% san.6.5.8.6 1.4.....4.4% Al Qadisiyah.1..1.8. 1...5 1. 1.1.9% Dhi Qar...5.4 1.5.5.3.7.4.5.4% Wasit....4 1.8 1..6.4.8.6% Karbala....1 1.5....1.3.% Al Muthanna..1.. 1.5....1.3.% An Najaf.1.1.1.1 1.......% Arbil.1... 1.......1% As Sulaymaniyah.1... 1......1.1% Dahuk.1... 1......1.1% TOTAL 61.8 81.1 89.9 113.4 15.9 148.9 159.8 161.6 91. 117.8 NOTE ON CHART: Exact dates of analysis for each column are as follows: February 1-June 4, 5; August 9, 5-January, 6; February 11-1, 6; -August 4, 6; August 1-1, 6; 11, 6-February 9, 7; February 13-4, 7; 5-, 7; 1-1, 7. 7

U.S. MILITARY FATALITIES CAUSED BY IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES 47 9 8% 8 7% 7 6% 6 5% 5 4 3 1 1 18 19 16 17 18 16151 13 14 1 4 7 9 5-3 January-4 9 5 13 4 33 3636 37 January-5 57 4 4 4 36 1 45 36 33 1 January-6 Total through December, 7: 1,556 (39.9% of all fatalities) 99 5 38 7 34 5 51 6 8 57 46 3 5 6 January-7 7 4% 3% % 1% % IED Fatalities % Total Fatalities ADDITIONAL STATISTICS CONCERNING IED S 48 : *The Army reports that IED s are responsible for 8% of all soldier casualties (deaths and injuries) *Despite the enemy deploying twice as many IED s as a year ago, casualties have remained steady, with less then 1% causing casualties *This is because U.S. troops are now detecting and successfully disarming approximately 5% of IED s *The Pentagon is requesting an additional $6.4 billion for its Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) *Explosively Formed Projectiles (EFP s), the most lethal type of IED, make up only % of all IED s found in Iraq but account for a very large percentage of U.S. soldiers killed by IED s, according to Col. Barry Shoop, chief scientist for the JIEDDO NUMBER OF EXPLOSIVELY FORMED PROJECTILE (EFP) ATTACKS AGAINST U.S. TROOPS BY MONTH 49 MONTH NUMBER OF EFP ATTACKS December 6 6 April 7 65 ~6 99 August 78 5 October 53 < 4 NOTE ON THIS TABLE: EFP s are technologically advanced IED s capable of penetrating armored vehicles. U.S. officials have asserted that because of the sophistication needed to correctly produce them, EFP s are manufactured in Iran and smuggled into Iraq. 8

IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES (IED S) DETONATED AND DISARMED JANUARY JUNE 6 3,,5, 1,5 I.E.D.'s Found and Cleared I.E.D. Attacks 1, 5 Jan-6 Feb. Mar. Apr. Jun. NOTE ON IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES: In June, there were 1,481 I.E.D. attacks throughout Iraq, and 93 instances in which the bombs were found and neutralized, according to figures compiled by the American military in Baghdad. That is a sharp increase since January, when there were 834 such attacks and 6 cases in which the bombs were found before they exploded. Michael Gordon, A Platoon s Mission: Seeking and Destroying Explosives in Disguise, The New York Times, 1, 6. Numbers are author s approximations based on data published in the New York Times. AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAILY PATROLS IN BAGHDAD 5 Patrols 1 8 Joint Patrols 6 Iraqi Patrols 4 American Patrols June 14-, 5 Feb. 1-16, 6 1-7, 6 9

AMERICAN MILITARY HELICOPTERS DOWNED IN IRAQ 51 6 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1-3 Jan-4 Jan-5 Jan-6 Jan-7 Total through December, 7: 68 NOTE ON AMERICAN MILITARY HELICOPTERS DOWNED IN IRAQ TABLE: Of the 67 helicopters downed in Iraq since 3, at least 36 were downed by enemy fire. Of the three January 6 crashes, two are still being investigated. One was shot down by enemy fire and is included above. We have counted one of the others as being downed by enemy fire as well, given the available evidence. Hostile fire is suspected in the 6 crash, but it has not been confirmed and therefore not counted as such. 6 crash is still under investigation. INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN IRAQ 5 Since April 3 3 1, 4, 5 5, 6 685, 7 (through ) 1,345, NOTE: Numbers are cumulative, but DO NOT include those displaced prior to 3 (approximately 1 million). MIGRATION INDICATORS 53 7 Iraqi Refugees living abroad.-.4 million Iraqi Refugees in Syria 1.4-1.5 million Iraqi Refugees in Jordan 7, 75, Iraqi Refugees in Egypt, Lebanon, Iran 175,, Iraqi Refugees in the Gulf States, Iraqi Asylum Applications in Industrialized Countries,155 (6) NOTE: Not all Iraqis refugees fled because of the current war. REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS 54 3-4 366, 5 889, 6 1,8, 7,4, NOTE: Figures in the above table are cumulative. 3

SIZE OF IRAQI SECURITY FORCES ON DUTY 55 Month General Police Capabilities National Guard Iraqi Armed Forces Border Patrol Total Iraqi Security Forces 3 7, 9, N/A N/A 7, 9, June N/A N/A N/A N/A 3, N/A N/A 3, August 34, 67,5 37,17 37,,5 4,7 44, October 55, 4,7 7 6,4 66,8 68,8 1,7 9 1,4 94,8 December 71,6 15, 4 1,9 99,6 January 4 66,9 19,8 1,1 1, 18,8 February 77,1 7,9, 18, 15, 75, 33,56 3,5 3,46 134,991 April 8,16 3,13,367 18,747 14,53 9,83 4,873 3,939 16,97 135,71 June 83,789 36,9 7,116 18,183 145,317 31,3 36,9 7,7 19,859 95,88 August 3,94 37,95 6,88 14,313 91,468 4,15 36,496 7,747 14,313 98,78 October 44,78 41,61 6,861 18,148 11,998 49,455 43,445 6,13 14,593 113,56 December 53,571 4,115 14,5 14,67 118,9 January 5 58,964 36,87 14,796 14,786 15,373 February 8,7 trained and equipped 59,689 operational 31 N/A 141,761 Trained and Effective: General Myers: 4, Senator Biden: 4, 18, 84,37 67,584 N/A 151,618 Trained and Effective: Lt. Gen Petraeus: 5, off-the-cuff April 86,98 7,511 N/A 159,493 91,56 76,971 N/A 168,7 June 9,883 75,791 N/A 168,674 94,8 79,1 N/A 173,9 6, in Army in level I and II August 11, 81,9 N/A 18,9 14,3 87,8 N/A 19,1 ~ 3, in Army in level I and II 56 October 57 111, 1, N/A 11, ~3, in level I and II 58 11, 1, N/A 14, December 118, 15,7 N/A 3,7 January 6 1,4 16,9 N/A 7,3 February 13,6 18,5 N/A 3,1 ~46, MOD forces and 8, MOI forces in Level I and II 59 134,8 115,7 N/A 5,5 April 138,7 115, N/A 53,7 145,5 117,9 N/A 65,6 June 148,5 116,1 N/A 64,6 154,5 115,1 N/A 69,6 August 167,9 13,1 N/A 98, 176, 131,6 N/A 37,8 October 18,8 131,6 N/A 31,4 188,3 134,7 N/A 33, December 188,3 134,7 N/A 33, January 7 188,3 134,7 N/A 33, February 188,6 134,9 N/A 33,18 193,3 136,5 N/A 39,8 April 193,3 139,8 N/A 333,1 194, 154,5 N/A 348,7 June 194, 158,9 N/A 353,1 194, 158,9 N/A 353,1 August 194, 165,5 N/A 359,7 194, 165,5 N/A 359,7 October 194, 165,5 N/A 359,7 38,89 191,541 N/A 49,63 December 1,59 194,33 31,431 439,678 NOTE ON IRAQI SECURITY FORCES ON DUTY TABLE: Units in the top three levels are all operational that is, capable of (and frequently engaged in) operations against the enemy. Units at level three are fighting alongside Coalition units. Level two units are in the lead this level is the critical achievement that marks the point at which a unit can take over its own battle space. Units at level two can control their own areas of responsibility and, therefore, allow Coalition units to focus elsewhere. 6 Care should be taken when evaluating the quality of MOI forces as there have been various reports of Iraqi police units dominated by sectarian interests.