Space Capabilities indispensable at the strategic, operational as well as the tactical level of war. Hon James G. Roche, SECAF Maj Gen Robert A. Latiff, USAF Deputy Director System Engineering National Reconnaissance Office
Overview Situational Awareness Communications Space Control Information Operations Battle Management Issues/Concerns 2
Situational Awareness You can t manage what you can t see, interpret or analyze Space systems can support the Battle Manager Wide field of regard Focus/cueing Available throughout all phases of the crisis space is forward deployed Effective Battle Management relies on planning and training Situation awareness will depend upon integration of space with other assets 3
Current Airborne Overhead Cooperative Operations Network NATIONAL USAF U-2 GROUND STATION USA RC-12 RELAY USN HITS THREAT SYSTEM AOCO NETWORK (2004) SIGNAL OF INTEREST AOCO DATA PRECISE GEOLOCATION COMMAND & CONTROL OPERATIONS CENTER COALITION FORCES 4
Communication Communications is a key enabler of Battle management Space systems provide the long-haul and tailored broadcast Not space alone, it s an entire netted force Must be smart-filtered Disseminate information in a timely manner Commercial Space is critical World-wide clamor for limited band-width Must be protected 5
Space Control Space Control (Defensive) Signal Encryption Satellite Shielding (Adds weight, increases costs) Anti-jam capability Protected and Redundant Groundstation Space Control (Offensive) Satellite attack recognition Jamming capability Microsats 6
Information Operations Shapes the battlefield and the world No US response means only one story on the street A part of conventional and SOF operations Directly tied to Situation Awareness 7
Space Enabled Functions Search and Rescue Tagging Blue Force Situation Awareness Bomb Damage Assessment Combat Weather Navigation Early Warning 8
New Constructs To address global aspects of situation awareness The National Space Game, Thor s Hammer How, where and under who s control being explored New space systems Space-Based Radar hand-off to JSTARS EO space the big picture hand-off to UAVs Common Operating Picture Will require situational awareness data Will require filtered, analyzed and fused information Relay of information internally and externally 9
Battle Management Issues/Concerns Reach back Enables access to multiple databases (which need to be kept current.) Jamming a concern C2 Paralysis Waiting for the last bit of information Smart-filtering and decision aids Time critical targets verses tolerance of casualties War moves to the Urban Environment Friendly Fires destroy the good being pursued Direct Down Link and Smart Filtering much needed Denial and Deception OPSEC 10
Battle Management Issues/Concerns Threats/Vulnerabilities GPS Jamming Underground/Undersea targets Reconstitution of Space Assets Nuclear Detonation in Space Imagery and SIGINT Over flight from other countries. US Over flight of other countries (Air and Space) 20 watt GPS jammer (Aviaconversia) Directional or Omni antenna 11
Guiding Principles Develop a balance of air, land, sea, Space and SOF capabilities in order to provide the most comprehensive situation awareness from a variety of perspectives Ensure platforms and capabilities objectively selected to accomplish the mission to include redundancy 12
Conclusion Battle Management is a growth field Space must be a part not the Lone Ranger Early Battle Manager involvement in use of space is critical Air Battle Space Land SOF Sea Management Tools Needs Mission 13