Documentary History of the Truman Presidency

Similar documents
CWA 2.5 The President s Daily Bulletin (Nuclear Arms Race) Timeline

FREEDOM AND DIGNITY PROJECT Learning Experience Module Shaun Boyce and Muriel Gaw

The College Board Advanced Placement Examination. AMERICAN HISTORY SECTION I1 (Suggested writing time--40 minutes)

Explore the private attitude of President Truman regarding the atomic bomb.

I. The Pacific Front Introduction Read the following introductory passage and answer the questions that follow.

World War II Ends Ch 24-5

GROUP 1: The President s Daily Bulletin Nuclear Arms Race

How Should We Remember the Atomic Bomb?

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto Admiral Chester Nimitz

SSUSH19: The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War ll, especially the growth of the federal

6-7: ENDING THE SECOND WORLD WAR

Work Period: WW II European Front Notes Video Clip WW II Pacific Front Notes Video Clip. Closing: Quiz

World War II - Final

The Decision to Drop The Bomb

World War II Invasion and Conquests. Pacific

Key Battles of WWII. How did the Allies win the war?

Source 1 Correspondence between Philip Johnston and Harry S. Truman, September 12, 1948.

Chapter2 Evolution of the Nuclear Deterrent A History

Summative Assessment for the Announcing World War II Unit

Chapter 6 Canada at War

The Battle of Okinawa: Demonstrating the Need for the Atomic Bombs

A Global History of the Nuclear Arms Race

YEARS OF WAR. Chapters 6

Memoirs by Harry S. Truman

MATCHING: Match the term with its description.

Chapter 2: The Nuclear Age

The Americans (Reconstruction to the 21st Century)

Unit 13: World War II

The Allied Victory Chapter 32, Section 4

World War II. 2010, TESCCC World History, Unit 10, Lesson 6

Guided Reading Activity 21-1

George C. Marshall Research Foundation. Collection Summary Sheet

Chapter 36 Fighting World War II Section 5 War in the Pacific War in the Pacific,

World War II ( )

Review ROUND 1. 4th Nine Weeks Review

Should Truman have dropped the bomb?

Timeline: Battles of the Second World War. SO WHAT? (Canadian Involvement / Significance) BATTLE: THE INVASION OF POLAND

CHAPTER 24 THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR II The Big Picture: The United States succeeded along with the Allies to defeat the Axis powers in Europe

THEIR SACRIFICE, OUR FREEDOM WORLD WAR II IN THE PACIFIC

Disarmament and International Security: Nuclear Non-Proliferation

Guided Notes. Chapter 21; the Cold War Begins. Section 1:

World War II The Pacific Theater 1. Between which what dates did the Pacific War take place? 2. What event between Japan and China did it begin with?

WWII Begins. European Axis Leadership. Benito Mussolini Duce of Italy Adolf Hitler Führer of Germany b d.

Question of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and of weapons of mass destruction MUNISH 11

WORLD WAR LOOMS. America Moves Towards War

1 Chapter 33 Answers. 3a. No. The United States did not destroy Japan s merchant marine as a result of the Battle of Midway. See page 475.

Unit Six: Canada Matures: Growth in the Post-War Period ( )

WWII: Pacific Theater

Mobilization at Home. Economic Conversion. A Nation at War. Pearl Harbor ended any debate over intervention.

World War II Essay Assignment

The Cold War $200 $200 $400 $400 $600 $600 $800 $800

A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately below.

Cold War History on the World Wide Web

United States reaction to foreign aggression warring Arsenal

Create the following chart on a sheet of paper and fill in each section appropriately:

THEIR SACRIFICE, OUR FREEDOM WORLD WAR II IN THE PACIFIC

Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission.

Georgia and World War II

Test - Social Studies US History Unit 08: World War II

American and World War II

2/7/2017 Bombing of Dresden World War II HISTORY.com BOMBING OF DRESDEN

SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal

Discussion of each topic will centre on a distinctive set of problems:

TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ON THE LIMITATION OF ANTI-BALLISTIC MISSILE SYSTEMS

World War II Chapter 11

The First Years of World War II

The Cold War Begins. Chapter 16 &18 (old) Focus Question: How did U.S. leaders respond to the threat of Soviet expansion in Europe?

In your spiral create 8 graphic organizers over the material provided. The graphic organizers may only have 3 spokes; therefore you will need to

5/27/2016 CHC2P I HUNT. 2 minutes

How did the way Truman handled the Korean War affect the powers of the presidency? What were some of the long-term effects of the Korean war?

1 Nuclear Weapons. Chapter 1 Issues in the International Community. Part I Security Environment Surrounding Japan

Unit 1-5: Reading Guide. Canada and World War II

World War II. Post Pearl Harbor

Historical Timeline of Major Nuclear Events

U.S. Is Drawn Into the War

Postwar America ( ) Lesson 3 The Cold War Intensifies

World Wars Comparison Chart

Bell Quiz: Pages

403.1 THE CASE RECORD FOLDER AND ARRANGEMENT OF FILES. A. All case record material must be placed in Agency approved folders.

American Neutrality 5/6/16. American Involvement. Pearl Harbor December 7 th, Let s Listen and read FDR s speech

Records of the National Security Agency/Central Security Service [NSA/CSS] (Record Group 457)

MS-237 Jack Savage Papers

Politics in the 1950 s

The nation was divided about the thermonuclear weapon, but Truman concluded, We have no choice.

HIROSHIMA COURT. On July 25, 1945, U.S. President Truman gave the following Executive Order to the U.S. forces.

President Truman decides to use the atom bomb

At War in the Pacific Lecture Three. FDR to Frank Knox, December 1940

Preparing for War. 300,000 women fought Worked for the Women s Army Corps (WAC) Drivers Clerks Mechanics Army and Navy Nurse Corps

the atom against another. To do so now is a political decision of the highest order.

MODERN STRATEGIC THOUGHT

APPENDIX 1. Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty A chronology

Nuclear dependency. John Ainslie

DBQ 20: THE COLD WAR BEGINS

Montessori Model United Nations. First Committee Disarmament and International Security

AIM: Explain the Korean War. Who/what/where/when/why

6/1/2009. On the Battlefields

THE AMERICAN JOURNEY A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES

A HOT COLD WAR: KOREA

The Korean War: Conflict and Compromise

A Cardboard Castle? AN INSIDE HISTORY OF THE WARSAW PACT, Edited by VOJTECH MASTNY and MALCOLM BYRNE

Transcription:

Documentary History of the Truman Presidency General Editor Dennis Merrill Volume 1 The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An imprint of CIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments Publisher's Note General Introduction Introduction r. xxi Document 1 1 April 24, 1945 Letter To: President Truman Fr: Henry L. Stimson Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files Confidential File Request for meeting to discuss secret matter. Document 2 2 May 9, 1945 Meeting notes Fr: R. Gordon Arneson Miscellaneous Historical Document File Notes of an Informal Meeting of the Interim Committee ' Secretary of War Stimson's statement on purpose and composition of Interim Committee and postwar use of atomic energy. Document 3 5 May 12, 1945 Memorandum To: Major General L. R. Groves Vertical File "Yale U. Documents" Summary of Target Committee Meetings on 10 and 11 May 1945 Agendas, meeting results, detonation information, and possible target cities. [Transcriptions of pages 6, 9, and 12.] Document 4 15 May 14, 1945 Meeting notes Fr: R. Gordon Arneson Miscellaneous Historical Document File Notes of an Informal Meeting of the Interim Committee Composition of Interim Committee's scientific and military panels; public statement on bomb testing; international aspects of program (Quebec Agreement, Combined Development Trust). Document 5 19 May 18,1945 Meeting notes Fr: R. Gordon Arneson Miscellaneous Historical Document File Notes of an Informal Meeting of the Interim Committee Comments on press release following bomb testing; Bush-Conant Memorandum on Quebec Agreement stipulations. Document 6 22 May 31, 1945 Meeting notes Fr: R. Gordon Arneson Miscellaneous Historical Document File Notes of the Interim Committee Meeting Discussion on mission of Interim Committee in areas of temporary wartime controls, public announcement, legislation, and postwar organization of atomic research and development. xiii xiii xv

Document 7 39 June 1, 1945 Meeting notes Fr: R. Gordon Arneson Miscellaneous Historical Document File Notes of the Interim Committee Meeting Discussion on temporary wartime and postwar organization of atomic research and development and private industry's views. Document 8 49 June 18, 1945 Minutes of meeting Fr: Harry S. Truman Miscellaneous Historical Document File Minutes of Meeting Held at the White House White House meeting on the campaign against Japan with representatives of the Army, Navy, and Army Air Corps, War Department, and Admiral William Leahy. Document 9 58 June 18, 1945 Minutes of meeting (draft) Fr: Harry S. Truman Miscellaneous Historical Document File Minutes of Meeting Held at the White House White House meeting on the campaign agaitist Japan with representatives of the Army, Navy, and Army Air Corps, War Department, and Admiral William Leahy. Document 10 76 June 20,1945 Minutes of meeting (Clean draft) Fr: Harry S. Truman Miscellaneous Historical Document File Minutes of Meeting Held at the White House White House meeting on the campaign against Japan with representatives of the Army, Navy, and Army Air Corps, War Department, and Admiral William Leahy. Document 11 ; 94 June 21,1945 Meeting notes Fr: R. Gordon Arneson Miscellaneous Historical Document File Notes of the Interim Committee Meeting Publicity of bomb testing and test results; decision to delete references to Quebec Agreement, Combined Development Trust, and uranium; future policy with regard to research and development and immediate use of atomic weapon. Document 12 102 July 2, 1945 Letter with attachment To: President Truman Fr: Henry L. Stimson Naval Aide Files Proclamation by the Heads of State Draft proclamation to Japan and unconditional surrender issue. Document 13 106 July 6,1945 Meeting notes Fr: R. Gordon Arneson Miscellaneous Historical Document File Notes of the Interim Committee Meeting Comments on Swedish uranium; publicity statements on atomic research and development; legislation; Big Three Conference. Document 14 July 16, 1945 Diary entry Potsdam Conference Extract from July 16th entry commenting on drive to Berlin, destruction of city, Soviet looting, folly of Hitler and his followers, and repetition of fate of demagogues in history. [Transcription of handwritten diary entry.] Ill VI

Document 15 117 July 17, 1945 Diary entry Potsdam Conference Observations on Josef Stalin, negotiations, and Soviet decision to enter war against Japan on August 15th. [Transcription of handwritten diary entry.] Document 16 119 July 18, 1945 Diary entry Potsdam Conference Comments on luncheon with Prime Minister Churchill, Manhattan, invitation to Stalin to visit the United States, and ease at which U.S. proposals were passed during agenda negotiations. [Transcription of handwritten diary entry.] Document 17 122 July 18,1945 Memorandum To: Secretary of War Fr: L. R. Groves Papers of Lansing Lamont The Test Description of first full-scale atomic explosion with attachment highlighting atomic "mushroom" cloud formations. [Transcription on page 127.] Document 18 137 July 19, 1945 Meeting notes Fr: R. Gordon Arneson Miscellaneous Historical Document File Notes of Interim Committee Meeting * Atomic energy bill. Document 19 : 145 July 20, 1945 Memorandum (for the Record) Miscellaneous Historical Document File Comments on preliminary British press release on bombing. Document 20 147 July 20,1945 Memorandum To: President Truman Fr: Henry L. Stimson Naval Aide Files Proposed Proclamation to Japan and Heads of State Draft proclamation to Japan and unconditional surrender issue. Document 21 148 July 23,1945 Memorandum To: Ambassador Hurley Fr: President Truman Naval Aide Files Request for Chiang Kai-shek's concurrence on proposed proclamation to Japan in regard to unconditional surrender. Document 22 151 July 24, 1945 Memorandum To: General Arnold Fr: John N. Stone Vertical File "Yale U. Documents" Groves Project Targeting notes; list of cities. [Transcription of memorandum.] Document 23 155 July 25, 1945 Diary entry Potsdam Conference Observations on success of atomic bomb test and resulting damage and intensity. Decision on when to use weapon and decision to choose strictly military targets. [Transcription of handwritten diary entry.] vii

Document 24 157 May 9-July 28, 1945 Log Fr: R. G. A. [R. Gordon Arneson] Papers of George M. Elsey Interim Committee Log Summaries of meetings of the Interim Committee [to discuss postwar use of atomic energy/ weapons]. Document 25 174 July 30, 1945 Incoming Message To: Tripartite Conference, Babelsberg, Germany [to President Truman] Fr: AGWAR Washington [from the Secretary of War] Papers of George M. Elsey War Department Message No. 41011 Comments on rapidly progressing time schedule on Groves' project; request for release of revised White House statement; president's handwritten reply on back of telegram. Document 26 176 July 31, 1945 Letter To: Bess Truman Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: Pertaining to Family, Business, and Personal Affairs Family Correspondence Discussion of Potsdam negotiations, reparations, Polish situation, Soviet intransigence, and Truman's "ace in the hole." [Transcription of handwritten letter.] Document 27 181 July 31, 1945 Letter To: President Truman Fr: Henry L. Stimson Papers of Harry S. Truman: President's Secretary's File Transmittal of June 29th draft and July 30th final copy of statement prepared for release by president as soon as the new weapon is used. Document 28 194 ca. early August 1945 Memorandum Miscellaneous Historical Document File Part I Psychological Warfare Excerpt from report highlighting two leaflets [translations only available] dropped on Japanese cities shortly before atomic bombs were dropped. Document 29 196 ca. August 6, 1945 White House Press Release Fr: White House Papers of Eben A. Ayers Statement by the President of the United States Announcement of dropping of atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Document 30 199 August 6, 1945 Memorandum for the Record Fr: W. H. K. Miscellaneous Historical Document File Comments on press release and decision to issue no more statements on bombing. Document 31 200 ca. August 7, 1945. Pressrelease Fr: War Department, Washington, D.C. Papers of Eben A. Ayers Statement of the Secretary of War Announcement of dropping of atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Document 32 207 August 8, 1945 Letter with enclosure To: Samuel I. Rosenman Fr: Archibald MacLeish Papers of Samuel I. Rosenman Statement on use of atomic bomb and world peace. VIII

Document 33 210 August 9, 1945 Letter with enclosure To: Richard B. Russell Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files Official File President's reply to August 7 telegram expressing desire to save American lives and to spare Japanese women and children; attached August 7 telegram commenting on carrying the war to Japan and dealing with them harshly. Document 34 213 August 11, 1945 Letter with enclosure To: Samuel McCrea Cavert Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files Official File Reply to August 9th telegram commenting on use of atomic bombs; attached August 9th telegram commenting on use of atomic bomb and desire to allow Japanese effort to surrender before the use of another. Document 35 215 August 18, 1945 Memorandum for the Record Fr: George L. Harrison Miscellaneous Historical Document File Decision to continue atomic bomb developments and comments on proposed international atomic bomb agreement. Document 36 216 September 6,1945 Memorandum with attachments To: James Byrnes Fr: Matthew J. Connelly Miscellaneous Historical Document File Transmittal of letter from Dr. Leo Szilard of the Metallurgical Laboratory, Chicago, with attached March 25, 1945, letter from Albert Einstein commenting on secrecy of the atomic program and lack of contact between scientists and members of the Cabinet and transmittal of petition with signatures of scientists regarding need to use atomic bomb. Document 37 220 September 11,1945 Letter To: President Truman Fr: Henry L. Stimson Papers of Harry S. Truman: President's Secretary's Files Relations with Russia and the atomic bomb. Document 38 222 September 11,1945 Memorandum To: President Truman Fr: Henry L. Stimson Papers of Harry S. Truman: President's Secretary's Files Proposed Action for Control of Atomic Bombs Control of atomic information and prognostication of nuclear arms race with USSR. Document 39 228 September 25, 1945 Letter To: President Truman Fr: Clinton P. Anderson Papers of Harry S. Truman: President's Secretary's Files Response to president's request for suggestions in connection with disposition of atomic energy secret. Document 40 233 September 27, 1945 Letter To: President Truman Fr: Kenneth McKellar Papers of Harry S. Truman: President's Secretary's Files Transmittal of Senator McKellar's views on the atomic bomb as requested by the president. Document 41 240 September 28, 1945 Letter To: President Truman Fr: Philip B. Fleming Papers of Harry S. Truman: President's Secretary's Files Response to president's request for views on atomic bomb, peacetime development of atomic energy, and Russians. ix

Document 42 242 ca. late 1945 Handwritten notes Fr: United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Chairman's Office Comments on June 18, 1945, White House meeting on the campaign against Japan. [Transcription of handwritten notes.] Document 43 246 June 1946 Article Fr: O.N.I. Review Papers of George M. Elsey "The Decision for Peace" Interrogation of Hisatsume Sakomizu, a career government official and Chief Cabinet Secretary in the Suzuki Cabinet, from a report of the United States Strategic Bombing Survey. Document 44 254 June 20, 1946 Letter with report To: President Truman Fr: Franklin D'Olier Transmittal of June 19, 1946, U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, Chairman's Office, The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Highlights include: "Effects of the Atomic Bombings"; "How the Atomic Bomb Work's"; "Signposts The Danger, and What We Can Do About It" [defense shelters etc.]. Document 45 306 June 30, 1946 Report Fr: United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Chairman's Office Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files Confidential File The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Document 46 354 July 1, 1946 Report Fr: United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Chairman's Office Papers of George M. Elsey Japan's Struggle to End the War Report contains "Some Properties of the Political Target"; "Behind the Collapse of Tojo"; "The Koiso Government"; "The Suzuki Cabinet"; "The Political Target Under Assault"; "Appendix (Japanese) Survey of National Resources as of 1-10 June 1945." Document 47 413 July 1,1946 Report United States Strategic Bombing Survey: Summary Report (Pacific War) Summary of air operations against Japan. Document 48 447 December 12, 1946 Letter To: Roman Bohnen Fr: Harry S. Truman President's reply commenting on portrayal of his decision-making episode in film on atomic bomb development and use on Japan. [Transcription of letter.] Document 49 451 December 16, 1946 Letter To: Dr. Karl T. Compton Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: President's Secretary's Files Acknowledgment of Atlantic Monthly article "If the Atomic Bomb Had Not Been Used." [Transcription of letter.] Document 50 453 June 30, 1947 Enclosure Fr: Joint Chiefs of Staff Evaluation Board for Operation Crossroads Enclosure "A," The Evaluation of the Atomic Bomb as a Military Weapon. Enclosure to The Final Report of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Evaluation Board for Operation Crossroads.

Document 51 492 ca. 1950-1951 Report Papers of Eben A. Ayers The Atomic Bomb Report on Stimson's statements and recollections used in his book On Active Service in Peace and War. Document 52 499 ca. 1951 Annotated Chronology Papers of Eben A. Ayers : Truman & The Atom Bomb Chronology with annotations, June August 10, 1945, related to decision to drop bomb and excerpts/analysis from several books written after fact by Leahy, Stimson, and Byrnes. Background information, daily diary entries, and memories of Truman's awareness of Manhattan Project. Document 53 509 August 6,1951 Memorandum Papers of Eben A. Ayers Interview with Truman commenting on his first knowledge and connection with atomic bomb development. Document 54 510 December 23,1952 Memorandum with attachment To: General Landry Fr: Irving Perimeter Transmittal of Professor Cate's letter of December 6, 1952, to president, in which he comments on directive ordering launch of attack on Hiroshima. Attached are December 6, 1952, letter and its enclosure, the July 25,1945, bombing directive from Acting Chief of Staff General Thos. T. Handy to General Carl Spaatz. Document 55 1 514 December 30, 1952 Memorandum To: President Truman Fr: R. B. Landry Request for information from president for Professor Cate. Document 56 515 December 31, 1952 Letter (Handwritten draft) To: James L. Cate Fr: Harry S. Truman Truman's thoughts on bombing decision. Document 57 519 December 31, 1952 Letter (Typed draft) To: James L. Cate Fr: Harry S. Truman Truman's thoughts on bombing decision. Document 58 521 January 2, 1953 Memorandum To: David D. Lloyd Fr: Kenneth W. Hechler Recommended changes to president's draft response to James L. Cate's letter. Document 59 522 January 5, 1953 Memorandum To: David D. Lloyd Fr: Kenneth W. Hechler Comments on when president was made aware of success of test and decision to bomb. Document 60.' 523 January 5, 1953 Memorandum To: David D. Lloyd Fr: Kenneth W. Hechler Comments on order from General Handy to General Spaatz to begin preparations for bombing. xi

xii Document 61 524 January 6, 1953 Memorandum To: President Truman Fr: David D. Lloyd Acknowledgment of revisions to draft letter to Professor Cate. Document 62 525 January 12, 1953 Letter To: James L. Cate Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: President's Secretary's Files Comments on decision to bomb Japan and events leading up to that point. Document 63 527 January 19, 1953 Letter with enclosure To: Thomas E. Murray Fr: Harry S. Truman President Truman's acknowledgment of January 16, 1953, letter and commenting on atomic warfare. Document 64 530 ca. 1953 Excerpt Papers of Eben A. Ayers Atom Bomb Excerpt from Rigdon's book, White House Sailor, regarding the announcement of dropping of atom bomb on Hiroshima. Document 65 532 ca. 1955 Interview excerpt Papers of Harry S. Truman: Post-Presidential Files Memoirs Discussion on use of bomb and feeling that it would save 250,000 soldiers and Truman's decision "to use the atomic bomb purely as a military blow to create a military surrender." Document 66 534 May 29, 1957 Chronology Papers of Eben A. Ayers Tentative Chronology of Part Played by Scientists in Decision to Use the Bomb Against Japan. Development of atomic bomb. Document 67 540 March 1,1958 Letter with attachment To: Harry S. Truman Fr: Tsukasa Nitoguri Papers of Harry S. Truman: Post-Presidential Files Comments on and transmittal of resolution protesting Truman's comments on the use of atomic weapons. Document 68 542 March 12, 1958 Press, Radio, and Television Release To: Tsukasa Nitoguri Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: Post-Presidential Files Reply to chairman of the Hiroshima City Council regarding resolution passed by city council protesting Truman's recently televised comments on dropping of atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Document 69 544 ca. 1958 Handwritten notes Papers of Harry S. Truman: Post-Presidential Files Commentary on disarmament, the power of atomic weapons, desire for mankind to live peaceably, national and international petitions by scientists, and desire for superpowers to police the world. [Transcription of handwritten notes.] Document 70 553 August 5, 1963 Letter To: Irv Kupcinet Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: Post-Presidential Files Comments on Chicago Sun-Times column relating to Truman's decision to bomb Japan. Subject Index 555

2024 © careersdocbox.com Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Feedback