The Duel for North America CHAPTER SIX
Introduction Three Old World nations England France Spain During the 17 th Century; America established a precedent of staying out of European wars as much as possible The climactic clash between Britain and France for control of North America Ohio River Valley
France Finds a Foothold in Canada France a late-comer to the New World real estate 1500s Domestic strife Clashes between Roman Catholics and Protestant Huguenots Quebec (1608) Samuel de Champlain Father of New France St. Lawrence
France Finds a Foothold in Canada Huron Indian tribes Iroquois Indian tribes Ohio River Valley
New France Fans Out French fur trappers Pursuit of the Beaver French Catholic missionaries Jesuits Antonine Cadillac Founded Detroit Louisiana Territory 1701 King Louis XIV
Clash of Empires England versus France and Spain King William s War (1689-97); and Queen Anne s War (1702-13) Indian allies Peace terms, 1713 The Nine World Wars King William s War Queen Anne s War King George s War (1744-48) French and Indian War (1754-63) American Revolution (1775-83) Undeclared French War (1798-1800) War of 1812 (1812-14) WWI (1917-18) WWII (9141-45)
Clash of Empires War of Jenkin s Ear King George s War 1739 British and Spaniards (allied with France) Confined to Caribbean Sea Georgia colony
George Washington Inaugurates War with France Ohio River Valley British land speculators (1749) Influential Virginians Legal rights to some 500,000 acres in Ohio River Valley French intrusion Fort Duquesne Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers to form the Ohio River (Pittsburg)
George Washington Inaugurates War with France George Washington Lord Governor Dinwiddie 21 year old surveyor Traveled to Three Rivers Joseph Coulon de Villiers, Sieur de Jumonville Col Joseph Fry s death Jumonville Affair Fort Necessity Articles of Capitulation signed by George Washington 7-Years War
George Washington Inaugurates War with France Ben Franklin s Pennsylvania Gazette Regarded as first political cartoon Join or Die Albany Congress Purpose was to achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat Rejected by the colonies because it did not give greater independence to the individual colonies Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia Requests military help
George Washington Inaugurates War with France Parliament British regulars Commanded by General Edward Braddock Strategies strictly European battlefields Ben Franklin s warning Indian warfare Guerilla Fighting style George Washington Defeat of Braddock
George Washington Inaugurates War with France Easy victory by France Frontier warfare Scalping $50 woman $130 male
George Washington Inaugurates War with France British Full-scale invasion 1756 Initially ended in defeat due to the efforts in the frontier posts in the west Poor strategy Appointment of Lord Pitt to manage the conflict Attacks on Quebec and Montreal (1759) Victory for England
Pitt s Palms of Victory William Pitt Great Commoner Earned the title of Organizer of Victory Launched resources against Battles of Quebec and Montreal areas James Wolfe v. Marquis de Montcalm
Pitt s Palms of Victory Once Montreal fell (after Quebec) in 1759 it for the most part ended conflict Peace Treaty of 1763 Thrown off the Continent except for its French people Allowed some French Caribbean islands and fishing ports in St. Lawrence and New Orleans Spain lost Florida for Cuba
War s Fateful Aftermath Proclamation of 1763 The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763 by the British government in the name of King George III to prohibit settlement by British colonists beyond the Appalachian Mountains in the lands captured by Britain from France in the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War and to end exploitative purchases of American Indian land. Initially proclaimed to protect AND work out a fair settlement with the Indian problem Despite Proclamation; American expansion westward continued With the French treat now disappeared; American fervor for independence would grow