FY 2014 Per Capita Federal Spending on Major Grant Programs Curtis Smith, Nick Jacobs, and Trinity Tomsic

Special Analysis 15-03, June 18, 2015 FY 2014 Per Capita Federal Spending on Major Grant Programs Curtis Smith, Nick Jacobs, and Trinity Tomsic 202-624-8577 ttomsic@ffis.org Summary Per capita federal spending is one measure for states to assess how they fare in their fiscal relationship with the federal government. This analysis provides the most recent per capita figures, focusing on the 244 federal grant-in-aid programs tracked and included in FFIS s Grants Database. These grants account for more than 90% of total federal grants to state and local governments. The database primarily includes formula grants and does not capture many of the small competitive grants for which states compete. This analysis provides per capita data for federal fiscal year (FY) 2014, using the Census Bureau s annual population estimates from July 2014. On average, the federal government spent $1,969 per person on grants to state and local governments, ranging from $4,994 in the District of Columbia to $1,265 in New Hampshire. Per Capita Analysis A number of factors explain how states fare in federal grants. Medicaid alone accounts for about half of all state and local grant funding. Given its sheer size, it is the most important determinant of how much federal funds most states receive. States with a large federal presence also tend to rank high, as they receive significant federal funds based on the value of the natural resources extracted from their public lands. A state s demographics and the well-being of its population also play a large role since many federal grant allocations are determined by related formula factors. For example, states with a large share of low-income children tend to receive more education dollars. As expected, highly populated states receive the most federal grant dollars because many formulas rely in part on population. States with relatively small populations tend to do well on a per capita basis because several grant formulas include small-state minimums. States with significant natural resources generally have fewer people. To further explain state rankings and the nuances among states, this analysis takes a detailed look at federal grants by major category and budget function. Very few states perform well across-the-board. Most rank high in some areas and low in others. FFIS Special Analysis 15-03

Total Funding. Table 1 provides total funding by state for the grants in the FFIS database between FYs 2009-2014. Overall, federal spending grew by $112 billion (21.4%) over this period, driven in large part by a $90 billion (40.9%) increase in Medicaid. Nevada (51.8%), Oregon (50.2%), and Hawaii (49.3%) experienced the largest increases. New Hampshire (0.7%) and Wyoming (0.2%) saw the smallest increases, while Maine (-2.7%) saw a reduction in federal grant dollars, largely attributable to Medicaid. As expected, most states rankings for total funding align closely with overall population rankings. States Receiving Most/Least Federal Grants, FY 2014 Rank Top 10 Population Rank Rank Bottom 10 Population Rank 1 California 1 52 North Dakota 48 2 New York 4 51 South Dakota 47 3 Texas 2 50 New Hampshire 43 4 Florida 3 49 Vermont 51 5 Pennsylvania 6 48 Delaware 46 6 Ohio 7 47 Montana 45 7 Illinois 5 46 Wyoming 52 8 Michigan 10 45 Alaska 49 9 North Carolina 9 44 Nebraska 38 10 Georgia 8 43 Rhode Island 44 Per Capita Federal Spending. Table 2 compares per capita spending in FY 2009 and FY 2014. In FY 2014, overall per capita spending was $1,969, an increase of 17% compared to FY 2009. The following states saw the largest growth in per capita federal grants: Oregon (44.1%), Nevada (43.6%), and Hawaii (41.6%). Nevada is the only one of these states to rank in the top 10 for population growth during the same period. Wyoming (-4.0%), South Dakota (-3.6%), Maine (-2.8%), Louisiana (-1.5%), and New Hampshire (-0.1%) saw reductions in per capita spending during this period. Alaska, Louisiana, Maine, Montana, New Hampshire, North Dakota, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming experienced population growth that outpaced increases in federal grants. The least-populated states tend to rank the highest in per capita federal spending. New York is an exception, with Medicaid driving the results. Per Capita Federal Spending, FY 2014 Rank Top 10 Population Rank Rank Bottom 10 Population Rank 1 District of Columbia 50 52 New Hampshire 43 2 Wyoming 52 51 Virginia 12 3 Alaska 49 50 Nevada 36 4 New Mexico 37 49 Utah 34 5 New York 4 48 Kansas 35 6 Vermont 51 47 Colorado 22 7 Rhode Island 44 46 Nebraska 38 8 West Virginia 39 45 Florida 3 9 Mississippi 32 44 Maryland 19 10 Oregon 27 43 Georgia 8 FFIS Special Analysis 15-03 Page 2

Per Capita Federal Spending by Type of Grant. Table 3 provides FY 2014 per capita federal spending by type of grant. These types include Medicaid, other state grants, grants to local governments, and grants that flow to individuals/others (such as Pell Grants and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program [SNAP] benefits). The results for states ranking in the top and bottom 10 are summarized below. Per Capita Federal Spending by Type of Grant Rank Medicaid Other State Local Indiv./Other Top 10 1 District of Columbia Wyoming District of Columbia District of Columbia 2 New York Alaska Alaska Arizona 3 New Mexico Puerto Rico Hawaii Hawaii 4 Vermont District of Columbia Puerto Rico Mississippi 5 Rhode Island North Dakota New York New Mexico 6 West Virginia Montana New Jersey Oregon 7 Oregon New Mexico New Mexico Tennessee 8 Arkansas Vermont Massachusetts West Virginia 9 Kentucky South Dakota Montana Alabama 10 Mississippi West Virginia Tennessee Georgia Bottom 10 52 Puerto Rico Virginia Iowa Wyoming 51 Virginia Florida New Hampshire North Dakota 50 New Hampshire Colorado Wisconsin New Hampshire 49 Utah Maryland Indiana Nebraska 48 Wyoming Nevada South Carolina New Jersey 47 South Dakota Washington Idaho Kansas 46 Nevada New Hampshire Vermont Minnesota 45 Nebraska Arizona Arkansas Nevada 44 Kansas Minnesota Nebraska Colorado 43 Florida North Carolina Florida Virginia The District of Columbia and New Mexico are the only jurisdictions to receive a top-10 ranking in all categories. At the other end, New Hampshire ranks in the bottom 10 for all categories while Florida, Nebraska, Nevada, and Virginia rank in the bottom for three. Medicaid accounts for 48.7% of total funding per capita (in comparison, other state grants and local grants together account for 35.1%). In fact, the performance of many of the top-ranking states shown on Tables 1 and 2 can be explained by the amount of federal funding they receive for Medicaid. Some jurisdictions such as the District of Columbia, Mississippi, New Mexico, and West Virginia have a high federal Medicaid matching rate, which is calculated based on a state s relative per capita personal income (the District of Columbia s is set at 70% as part of the city s federal financing structure). Other states, most notably New York, receive a lower federal matching rate, but run a robust and/or expensive Medicaid program, which drives up federal reimbursements. Per Capita Federal Spending by Function. Table 4 provides FY 2014 per capita federal spending by federal budget function. Sorting spending by function yields a number of interesting results: Health, social services, and income security programs represent 78% of per capita spending on selected grant programs. Puerto Rico is the only jurisdiction to receive less than $500 per person for health programs. FFIS Special Analysis 15-03 Page 3

Wyoming s large federal revenue from mineral leasing (shown in general government) offsets its bottom ranks in health, and social services and income security. Per capita federal spending on transportation ranges from $70 in Puerto Rico to $993 in Alaska. The District of Columbia receives more than three times the national average for justice programs while North Dakota receives more than five times the average for agriculture programs. Alaska, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico are the only jurisdictions to receive more than $400 per person for education. Alaska, the District of Columbia, Rhode Island, Vermont, and West Virginia rank above average in most areas. Maryland and Florida rank below average in every function. The table below highlights the states ranking in the top and bottom five for the various budget functions. Rank Health Income Security- Social Services Education Transportation 1 District of Columbia District of Columbia Puerto Rico Alaska Wyoming 2 New York Puerto Rico Alaska Wyoming Alaska 3 New Mexico New York District of Columbia District of Columbia Montana Energy, Environment, and Natural Resources 4 Vermont Hawaii Arizona Montana West Virginia 5 Rhode Island Mississippi South Dakota North Dakota Tennessee 52 Puerto Rico New Hampshire Nevada Puerto Rico Florida 51 Virginia Utah Washington Florida California 50 New Hampshire Wyoming Maryland Michigan Texas 49 Utah Colorado New Jersey Arizona Georgia 48 Wyoming Virginia Virginia North Carolina Arizona Rank Employment and Training Per Capita Federal Spending by Budget Function, FY 2014 Community-Regional Development Top Five Bottom Five General Government Justice Agriculture Top Five 1 Alaska District of Columbia Wyoming District of Columbia North Dakota 2 Wyoming Rhode Island New Mexico Alaska South Dakota 3 District of Columbia Vermont Puerto Rico Delaware Wyoming 4 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico North Dakota Wyoming Vermont 5 North Dakota Maine Utah Vermont Montana Bottom Five 52 Utah Florida Rhode Island Virginia New Jersey 51 Hawaii Colorado New York Kentucky California 50 Iowa Virginia Connecticut Ohio Florida 49 Virginia Arizona New Jersey Minnesota Arizona 48 Oklahoma Oklahoma Maryland Pennsylvania New York Full Database. An electronic Excel spreadsheet that accompanies this brief includes the detail behind the analysis. Specifically, it provides the same information as the summary tables, but for every program in the FFIS Grants Database. In addition, it contains key program information such as the federal agency that administers the grant, type of funding, CFDA number, budget function, and authorizing legislation to allow the user to manipulate the data. (This spreadsheet is made available only to full subscribers with access to the FFIS Grants Database.) FFIS Special Analysis 15-03 Page 4

Table 1 Total Federal Spending on Selected Grants (dollars in thousands) FYs 2009-2014 State FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 Rank % Change Rank Alabama $8,193,593 $8,694,055 $9,194,175 $9,319,908 $9,186,617 $9,125,542 25 11.4% 39 Alaska 2,479,260 2,617,540 2,605,261 2,718,325 2,668,369 2,679,113 45 8.1% 44 Arizona 12,481,515 14,099,557 13,897,745 13,180,767 13,053,046 14,108,683 13 13.0% 35 Arkansas 5,786,465 6,303,384 6,287,519 6,398,434 6,318,032 7,041,019 32 21.7% 19 California 58,711,955 63,387,399 70,080,223 65,705,494 76,648,514 81,104,956 1 38.1% 5 Colorado 5,866,246 6,441,520 6,856,427 6,847,608 7,027,576 8,003,154 27 36.4% 6 Connecticut 6,049,939 6,123,086 6,415,893 6,440,303 6,844,981 7,739,143 28 27.9% 9 Delaware 1,478,594 1,626,191 1,793,332 1,818,206 1,954,859 2,096,254 48 41.8% 4 District of Columbia 2,598,125 2,844,939 3,029,496 2,974,633 3,113,175 3,290,327 39 26.6% 11 Florida 23,306,968 27,388,407 28,748,054 28,823,998 29,617,539 30,493,855 4 30.8% 8 Georgia 14,590,163 15,892,289 16,195,177 16,222,754 16,378,764 16,853,670 10 15.5% 30 Hawaii 2,046,165 2,269,073 2,435,508 2,636,205 2,799,060 3,054,862 40 49.3% 3 Idaho 2,462,271 2,684,881 2,855,836 2,909,342 2,966,890 2,948,541 42 19.7% 22 Illinois 19,636,191 21,886,050 21,196,746 20,685,534 21,845,808 22,289,951 7 13.5% 34 Indiana 9,884,780 10,234,946 11,465,698 11,417,501 11,921,667 12,483,082 15 26.3% 12 Iowa 4,803,824 5,450,957 5,621,694 5,592,715 5,539,834 5,509,690 34 14.7% 32 Kansas 3,840,105 4,047,492 4,204,461 4,181,686 4,019,615 4,225,923 36 10.0% 43 Kentucky 8,472,278 9,198,285 9,271,259 9,329,648 9,091,935 10,556,158 20 24.6% 13 Louisiana 10,074,283 10,380,342 9,970,955 10,611,216 10,467,575 10,267,575 21 1.9% 47 Maine 3,115,054 3,082,181 3,127,516 2,955,368 2,995,808 3,030,187 41-2.7% 52 Maryland 7,983,403 8,584,407 8,974,094 8,790,056 9,199,334 9,810,931 22 22.9% 16 Massachusetts 12,459,446 13,563,582 13,526,855 13,266,374 13,650,881 14,468,125 12 16.1% 28 Michigan 16,862,167 18,925,689 19,638,746 19,217,911 19,100,223 20,217,897 8 19.9% 21 Minnesota 8,286,553 8,707,869 9,330,672 9,678,784 9,364,666 10,589,951 19 27.8% 10 Mississippi 6,787,061 7,406,274 7,443,094 7,900,474 7,630,695 7,635,338 29 12.5% 36 Missouri 10,648,627 11,558,859 11,435,516 11,921,079 11,532,131 11,777,750 17 10.6% 41 Montana 2,015,890 2,239,212 2,198,023 2,266,220 2,179,187 2,109,226 47 4.6% 46 Nebraska 2,634,757 2,827,711 2,718,722 2,795,337 2,806,912 2,845,793 44 8.0% 45 Nevada 2,590,949 2,976,229 3,063,383 3,185,961 3,311,366 3,934,115 38 51.8% 1 New Hampshire 1,666,018 1,761,529 1,788,735 1,673,301 1,628,319 1,677,964 50 0.7% 50 New Jersey 12,773,613 13,808,921 13,738,499 13,995,574 13,709,302 15,718,128 11 23.1% 15 New Mexico 5,516,239 5,902,654 5,979,662 6,250,456 5,743,049 6,433,386 33 16.6% 27 New York 48,869,914 54,209,701 55,867,960 56,302,585 54,524,859 59,783,402 2 22.3% 17 North Carolina 15,537,035 15,784,935 15,603,643 16,854,374 17,067,157 17,661,837 9 13.7% 33 North Dakota 1,375,979 1,466,228 1,442,514 1,458,365 1,437,312 1,544,403 52 12.2% 38 Ohio 20,641,388 21,782,228 23,111,439 23,554,645 22,631,009 24,585,339 6 19.1% 23 Oklahoma 6,429,776 6,913,028 7,017,756 7,248,276 7,069,094 7,222,157 31 12.3% 37 Oregon 6,378,740 7,208,744 7,360,849 7,455,479 7,961,655 9,582,946 24 50.2% 2 Pennsylvania 21,222,788 23,298,939 25,014,682 24,518,477 23,968,194 24,944,064 5 17.5% 26 Rhode Island 2,331,871 2,530,871 2,594,630 2,530,425 2,495,307 2,895,687 43 24.2% 14 South Carolina 7,706,022 8,311,135 8,407,736 8,357,616 8,024,798 8,517,539 26 10.5% 42 South Dakota 1,556,989 1,713,343 1,691,095 1,661,745 1,600,173 1,585,968 51 1.9% 48 Tennessee 12,146,191 11,890,204 12,845,737 13,305,442 13,897,753 14,000,273 14 15.3% 31 Texas 37,258,921 41,060,382 42,939,208 42,928,124 43,072,685 45,213,412 3 21.3% 20 Utah 3,616,613 4,049,958 4,228,904 4,292,772 4,087,475 4,189,250 37 15.8% 29 Vermont 1,501,566 1,624,655 1,654,650 1,705,860 1,725,832 1,773,466 49 18.1% 25 Virginia 8,805,836 9,768,629 9,999,207 10,153,038 10,310,330 10,751,517 18 22.1% 18 Washington 9,096,969 9,977,556 10,553,713 10,852,952 10,232,945 12,376,750 16 36.1% 7 West Virginia 4,118,784 4,455,111 4,558,616 4,603,829 4,679,380 4,898,889 35 18.9% 24 Wisconsin 8,735,340 9,231,302 9,677,073 9,402,601 9,836,430 9,728,653 23 11.4% 40 Wyoming 2,143,779 2,118,661 2,271,910 2,224,626 2,046,195 2,148,183 46 0.2% 51 Puerto Rico 7,157,079 6,857,291 6,985,767 7,347,208 7,314,981 7,283,747 30 1.8% 49 Total $522,734,077 $567,168,410 $588,916,061 $588,469,612 $598,299,295 $634,807,768 21.4% FFIS Special Analysis 15-03 Page 5

Table 2 Change in Population, Per Capita Federal Spending, FYs 2009-2014 Per Capita Federal Spending Population (000s) State FY 2009 FY 2009 Rank FY 2014 FY 2014 Rank % Change Rank 2009 2014 2014 Rank % Change Alabama $1,722 24 $1,882 31 9.3% 35 4,758 4,849 23 1.9% Alaska 3,547 3 3,636 3 2.5% 45 699 737 49 5.4% Arizona 1,968 15 2,096 21 6.5% 42 6,343 6,731 15 6.1% Arkansas 1,998 14 2,374 12 18.8% 17 2,897 2,966 33 2.4% California 1,588 32 2,090 22 31.6% 5 36,961 38,803 1 5.0% Colorado 1,180 50 1,494 47 26.7% 8 4,972 5,356 22 7.7% Connecticut 1,699 26 2,152 17 26.7% 7 3,562 3,597 29 1.0% Delaware 1,658 30 2,241 14 35.1% 4 892 936 46 4.9% District of Columbia 4,387 1 4,994 1 13.8% 26 592 659 50 11.3% Florida 1,250 49 1,533 45 22.7% 12 18,653 19,893 3 6.7% Georgia 1,517 40 1,669 43 10.1% 33 9,621 10,097 8 5.0% Hawaii 1,519 39 2,152 16 41.6% 3 1,347 1,420 41 5.4% Idaho 1,584 33 1,804 34 13.9% 25 1,554 1,634 40 5.1% Illinois 1,534 37 1,731 40 12.8% 27 12,797 12,881 5 0.7% Indiana 1,530 38 1,892 30 23.7% 11 6,459 6,597 16 2.1% Iowa 1,584 34 1,773 36 12.0% 29 3,033 3,107 31 2.4% Kansas 1,356 46 1,455 48 7.3% 39 2,833 2,904 35 2.5% Kentucky 1,963 16 2,392 11 21.9% 13 4,317 4,413 26 2.2% Louisiana 2,243 9 2,208 15-1.5% 49 4,492 4,650 25 3.5% Maine 2,343 7 2,278 13-2.8% 50 1,330 1,330 42 0.0% Maryland 1,393 44 1,642 44 17.8% 20 5,730 5,976 19 4.3% Massachusetts 1,912 20 2,145 18 12.2% 28 6,518 6,745 14 3.5% Michigan 1,703 25 2,040 26 19.8% 15 9,902 9,910 10 0.1% Minnesota 1,569 35 1,941 29 23.7% 10 5,281 5,457 21 3.3% Mississippi 2,294 8 2,550 9 11.2% 31 2,959 2,994 32 1.2% Missouri 1,786 22 1,942 28 8.7% 36 5,961 6,064 18 1.7% Montana 2,049 13 2,061 24 0.6% 47 984 1,024 45 4.0% Nebraska 1,454 43 1,513 46 4.1% 44 1,813 1,882 38 3.8% Nevada 965 52 1,386 50 43.6% 2 2,685 2,839 36 5.8% New Hampshire 1,266 48 1,265 52-0.1% 48 1,316 1,327 43 0.8% New Jersey 1,459 42 1,759 38 20.5% 14 8,756 8,938 11 2.1% New Mexico 2,708 4 3,085 4 13.9% 24 2,037 2,086 37 2.4% New York 2,531 5 3,028 5 19.6% 16 19,307 19,746 4 2.3% North Carolina 1,644 31 1,776 35 8.0% 37 9,450 9,944 9 5.2% North Dakota 2,069 12 2,088 23 0.9% 46 665 739 48 11.2% Ohio 1,790 21 2,120 20 18.4% 19 11,529 11,594 7 0.6% Oklahoma 1,730 23 1,862 32 7.7% 38 3,718 3,878 28 4.3% Oregon 1,675 29 2,414 10 44.1% 1 3,809 3,970 27 4.2% Pennsylvania 1,675 28 1,951 27 16.4% 22 12,667 12,787 6 1.0% Rhode Island 2,213 11 2,744 7 24.0% 9 1,054 1,055 44 0.1% South Carolina 1,679 27 1,763 37 5.0% 43 4,590 4,832 24 5.3% South Dakota 1,929 17 1,859 33-3.6% 51 807 853 47 5.7% Tennessee 1,926 18 2,138 19 11.0% 32 6,306 6,549 17 3.9% Texas 1,502 41 1,677 42 11.6% 30 24,802 26,957 2 8.7% Utah 1,328 47 1,424 49 7.2% 41 2,723 2,943 34 8.1% Vermont 2,403 6 2,830 6 17.8% 21 625 627 51 0.3% Virginia 1,111 51 1,291 51 16.2% 23 7,926 8,326 12 5.1% Washington 1,364 45 1,753 39 28.5% 6 6,667 7,062 13 5.9% West Virginia 2,229 10 2,648 8 18.8% 18 1,848 1,850 39 0.1% Wisconsin 1,541 36 1,690 41 9.7% 34 5,669 5,758 20 1.6% Wyoming 3,829 2 3,677 2-4.0% 52 560 584 52 4.3% Puerto Rico 1,913 19 2,053 25 7.3% 40 3,740 3,548 30-5.1% Total/U.S. Average $1,683 $1,969 17.0% 310,512 322,405 3.8% FFIS Special Analysis 15-03 Page 6

Table 3 FY 2014 Per Capita Federal Spending by Type of Grant State Medicaid Rank Other State Rank Individual/ Other Rank Local Rank Alabama $783 36 $608 23 $389 9 $102 18 Alaska 1,225 11 1,794 2 298 30 319 2 Arizona 1,062 21 518 45 438 2 78 26 Arkansas 1,300 8 694 14 325 21 54 45 California 1,071 19 630 21 299 29 91 21 Colorado 671 40 491 50 244 44 89 22 Connecticut 1,176 14 585 28 277 36 114 11 Delaware 1,162 15 708 13 307 27 64 35 District of Columbia 2,863 1 1,106 4 586 1 439 1 Florida 626 43 469 51 381 12 56 43 Georgia 646 41 569 33 389 10 66 32 Hawaii 843 29 596 25 430 3 283 3 Idaho 826 32 629 22 298 31 51 47 Illinois 695 39 567 35 356 17 113 12 Indiana 956 25 578 31 310 25 48 49 Iowa 828 31 592 26 315 22 38 52 Kansas 617 44 547 42 233 47 58 41 Kentucky 1,294 9 658 18 367 14 73 29 Louisiana 1,084 18 680 16 363 16 82 25 Maine 1,210 12 670 17 333 19 65 34 Maryland 793 35 496 49 266 39 87 23 Massachusetts 1,206 13 550 41 271 38 117 8 Michigan 1,006 22 605 24 365 15 63 38 Minnesota 1,105 17 523 44 235 46 77 27 Mississippi 1,289 10 740 12 420 4 102 17 Missouri 996 24 572 32 311 24 64 37 Montana 635 42 1,057 6 252 42 116 9 Nebraska 592 45 651 19 215 49 56 44 Nevada 591 46 496 48 241 45 57 42 New Hampshire 524 50 514 46 187 50 39 51 New Jersey 836 30 580 30 217 48 126 6 New Mexico 1,501 3 1,053 7 412 5 119 7 New York 1,777 2 680 15 371 13 200 5 North Carolina 857 26 525 43 330 20 64 36 North Dakota 769 37 1,062 5 174 51 84 24 Ohio 1,155 16 583 29 309 26 74 28 Oklahoma 844 28 639 20 313 23 67 31 Oregon 1,325 7 592 27 404 6 93 20 Pennsylvania 1,002 23 568 34 283 35 97 19 Rhode Island 1,433 5 820 11 388 11 103 15 South Carolina 812 33 554 40 346 18 51 48 South Dakota 568 47 879 9 302 28 110 13 Tennessee 1,070 20 560 38 392 7 115 10 Texas 767 38 560 39 284 34 66 33 Utah 542 49 566 36 252 41 63 39 Vermont 1,445 4 1,036 8 296 32 53 46 Virginia 519 51 456 52 245 43 72 30 Washington 853 27 507 47 291 33 102 16 West Virginia 1,348 6 846 10 391 8 62 40 Wisconsin 802 34 563 37 277 37 48 50 Wyoming 558 48 2,847 1 165 52 108 14 Puerto Rico 319 52 1,269 3 262 40 203 4 U.S. Average $958 $601 $319 $91 FFIS Special Analysis 15-03 Page 7

Table 4 FY 2014 Per Capita Federal Spending by Function Income Security Energy, Environment, Health and Social Services Education Transportation and Natural Resources State Dollars Rank Dollars Rank Dollars Rank Dollars Rank Dollars Rank Alabama $865 34 $532 18 $239 16 $175 23 $39 9 Alaska 1,368 11 623 6 425 2 993 1 112 2 Arizona 1,122 21 449 32 353 4 131 49 10 48 Arkansas 1,384 9 503 23 238 18 191 16 20 24 California 1,148 18 535 17 220 27 143 45 8 51 Colorado 738 41 325 49 191 43 161 33 15 36 Connecticut 1,229 14 490 25 182 47 205 14 15 39 Delaware 1,228 15 512 22 209 33 216 11 34 12 District of Columbia 3,033 1 978 1 418 3 460 3 35 11 Florida 689 43 485 27 208 35 120 51 7 52 Georgia 716 42 541 16 224 24 149 42 10 49 Hawaii 908 30 647 4 193 41 348 8 26 19 Idaho 901 31 378 45 230 22 209 12 29 17 Illinois 760 40 527 19 231 20 163 30 15 37 Indiana 1,012 25 447 33 221 25 165 28 16 33 Iowa 897 32 404 41 242 15 176 22 22 21 Kansas 670 44 363 47 217 31 154 39 20 23 Kentucky 1,368 10 552 13 229 23 173 26 35 10 Louisiana 1,176 17 577 11 231 21 173 25 15 35 Maine 1,289 13 522 20 217 30 174 24 34 13 Maryland 864 35 423 37 171 50 143 44 14 41 Massachusetts 1,300 12 469 31 185 46 145 43 15 38 Michigan 1,048 24 580 9 235 19 127 50 17 31 Minnesota 1,141 20 382 43 207 36 161 34 19 25 Mississippi 1,406 7 627 5 266 9 181 19 30 16 Missouri 1,056 23 438 35 220 26 176 21 18 28 Montana 763 39 422 38 256 12 440 4 67 3 Nebraska 662 45 385 42 209 34 200 15 24 20 Nevada 639 47 379 44 147 52 162 32 17 32 New Hampshire 576 50 296 52 188 45 139 46 30 15 New Jersey 948 26 413 40 176 49 178 20 13 43 New Mexico 1,628 3 605 8 289 6 209 13 26 18 New York 1,860 2 707 3 239 17 169 27 14 40 North Carolina 928 27 475 29 200 40 132 48 11 47 North Dakota 839 38 375 46 248 14 414 5 63 6 Ohio 1,220 16 515 21 206 38 133 47 16 34 Oklahoma 916 28 497 24 220 28 181 18 18 27 Oregon 1,405 8 545 15 219 29 189 17 17 30 Pennsylvania 1,061 22 486 26 191 44 160 35 18 29 Rhode Island 1,526 5 610 7 262 11 263 9 33 14 South Carolina 880 33 475 28 207 37 157 36 11 46 South Dakota 645 46 414 39 329 5 360 7 51 7 Tennessee 1,142 19 546 14 205 39 151 41 63 5 Texas 841 37 431 36 213 32 157 37 9 50 Utah 599 49 304 51 251 13 155 38 18 26 Vermont 1,533 4 560 12 265 10 369 6 49 8 Virginia 576 51 335 48 181 48 164 29 12 45 Washington 908 29 470 30 169 51 163 31 13 42 West Virginia 1,434 6 580 10 274 8 254 10 64 4 Wisconsin 849 36 443 34 192 42 154 40 20 22 Wyoming 626 48 317 50 286 7 502 2 122 1 Puerto Rico 421 52 905 2 485 1 70 52 12 44 U.S. Average $1,030 $500 $220 $162 $17 FFIS Special Analysis 15-03 Page 8

Table 4, cont d FY 2014 Per Capita Federal Spending by Function Employment Community and General and Training Regional Development Government Justice Agriculture State Dollars Rank Dollars Rank Dollars Rank Dollars Rank Dollars Rank Alabama $10.87 39 $10.93 39 $1.73 22 $3.52 46 $5.35 14 Alaska 21.16 1 16.01 12 66.82 7 7.84 2 4.96 16 Arizona 11.51 35 8.94 49 5.33 14 4.32 24 1.05 49 Arkansas 12.54 26 11.12 36 3.77 16 4.25 25 5.90 11 California 14.18 13 11.96 29 3.91 15 4.96 11 1.02 51 Colorado 11.15 38 8.43 51 38.90 8 4.58 18 1.69 42 Connecticut 12.89 23 12.61 27 0.01 50 3.84 35 1.64 43 Delaware 12.06 31 14.52 16 0.08 44 7.71 3 6.87 6 District of Columbia 19.41 3 34.73 1 0.03 46 12.41 1 3.70 21 Florida 11.66 33 7.90 52 0.31 36 3.75 38 1.05 50 Georgia 12.76 24 9.62 45 0.26 38 3.60 42 2.48 35 Hawaii 8.20 51 14.30 17 0.25 39 4.58 17 2.95 30 Idaho 12.51 27 12.77 24 21.99 9 4.64 16 5.37 13 Illinois 14.22 12 14.07 19 0.12 42 3.97 32 1.57 44 Indiana 13.01 20 11.16 35 0.09 43 3.55 44 2.76 33 Iowa 8.73 50 13.84 20 0.16 41 4.02 31 6.29 9 Kansas 9.75 44 11.70 32 0.87 26 4.16 28 4.15 19 Kentucky 13.53 17 11.51 33 0.54 30 3.19 51 5.85 12 Louisiana 10.11 42 13.19 22 5.56 13 3.73 39 3.54 26 Maine 13.41 19 19.92 5 0.26 37 4.56 20 5.20 15 Maryland 10.34 41 10.21 42 0.02 48 3.92 33 1.93 39 Massachusetts 10.85 40 16.14 11 0.02 47 3.88 34 1.13 47 Michigan 13.97 15 13.65 21 0.73 27 3.57 43 2.09 37 Minnesota 9.92 43 11.43 34 1.65 24 3.33 49 3.54 25 Mississippi 14.32 11 12.70 26 1.73 21 3.81 36 6.71 8 Missouri 11.28 36 12.47 28 1.09 25 3.75 37 4.19 18 Montana 14.63 9 17.95 7 67.01 6 5.48 9 7.64 5 Nebraska 9.33 47 13.14 23 0.59 29 4.22 26 6.00 10 Nevada 14.33 10 10.56 40 11.64 10 5.60 8 1.28 46 New Hampshire 9.61 45 15.48 14 1.72 23 4.66 14 3.63 24 New Jersey 14.08 14 10.97 38 0.01 49 4.57 19 0.95 52 New Mexico 11.93 32 11.71 31 296.05 2 4.88 12 2.82 32 New York 12.59 25 19.65 6 0.01 51 4.73 13 1.11 48 North Carolina 13.67 16 9.71 44 0.48 32 3.53 45 3.34 28 North Dakota 18.51 5 16.98 10 94.58 4 5.82 7 14.10 1 Ohio 11.63 34 14.11 18 0.08 45 3.30 50 1.94 38 Oklahoma 9.03 48 9.27 48 2.28 18 4.15 29 4.41 17 Oregon 13.49 18 11.74 30 6.01 12 4.17 27 2.92 31 Pennsylvania 12.94 21 15.56 13 0.21 40 3.36 48 1.80 40 Rhode Island 16.74 6 24.16 2 0.00 52 6.10 6 3.42 27 South Carolina 12.34 28 11.06 37 0.36 34 4.65 15 3.65 23 South Dakota 16.41 7 17.82 8 10.01 11 5.29 10 9.47 2 Tennessee 12.27 29 9.47 47 0.35 35 4.37 23 3.80 20 Texas 9.44 46 10.01 43 0.67 28 4.13 30 1.46 45 Utah 7.82 52 10.24 41 71.19 5 4.38 22 1.76 41 Vermont 16.40 8 22.27 3 1.90 20 6.46 5 8.01 4 Virginia 8.75 49 8.47 50 0.47 33 3.17 52 2.58 34 Washington 11.27 37 9.62 46 3.03 17 3.69 40 2.14 36 West Virginia 12.92 22 15.23 15 2.01 19 4.55 21 6.81 7 Wisconsin 12.07 30 12.72 25 0.48 31 3.61 41 3.34 29 Wyoming 19.56 2 17.69 9 1,772.94 1 6.59 4 8.42 3 Puerto Rico 18.90 4 20.27 4 113.19 3 3.37 47 3.68 22 U.S. Average $12.26 $12.24 $9.66 $4.13 $2.39 FFIS Special Analysis 15-03 Page 9