Sikka, Indonesia. Local progress report on the implementation of the 10 Essentials for Making Cities Resilient ( )

Sikka, Indonesia Local progress report on the implementation of the 10 Essentials for Making Cities Resilient (2013-2014) Name of focal point: Yusniar Nurdin Organization: BNPB Title/Position: Technical Support Consultant E-mail address: yusniar.nurdin@gmail.com Telephone: +6281360495899 Reporting period: 2013-2014 Last updated on: 12 December 2014 Print date: 12 December 2014 Reporting language: English A Local HFA Monitor update published by PreventionWeb http://www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo/progress/reports/ Local Progress Report 2013-2014 1/32

Essential 1 Put in place organization and coordination to understand and reduce disaster risk, based on participation of citizen groups and civil society. Build local alliances. Ensure that all departments understand their role to disaster risk reduction and preparedness. How well are local organizations (including local government) equipped with capacities (knowledge, experience, official mandate) for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation? In explicit Local Long Term Development Plan (RPJMD) 2013-2018 describes disaster risk reduction integration and environment preservation as well as vulnerability assessment but limited statement for climate change. Basically formulation of RPJMD and Land Use has included vulnerability aspect as part of local planning. District has Local Regulation No. 10/2012 on Local Disaster Management Implementation regulated coordination and mandate of disaster management. It is integrated into sector and budget allocation. Local DM Office (BPBD) as the institution functioning on disaster management, in specific mandated on DM experienced on handling Rokantenda disaster from emergency response, early recovery, socialization and routine training on DRR. Cooperation BPBD with Social Office and Indonesian Red Cross on implementing Preparedness Village program as well as cooperation with non government organization on Safe School. Social Office establish its community preparedness at village level by volunteer support (Tagana Organization). Some program on risk reduction and climate change adaptation commits by Forestry Office, Local Environment Body and Marine and Fisheries Office. Another progress is monthly climate data projection for 2014-2019 resulted under collaboration of Partner for Resilience-Local Government and Bandung Technology Institute might develop into specific planning by Agriculture Office, Health Office, Public Work, Forestry Office and Local Environment Body. In mean time it is still under trial period. Programmes implementation achievement constrained by DRR comprehension of Officials and strong disaster response mindset. Limited comprehension impact to disaster risk and climate change formulation into sector development planning. As example Social Office with its Revolving Fund program not priority yet those fund for survivor as vulnerability group post disaster. Climate change consideration not appear on RPJMD and Land Use document. Limited training facilities and supporting Local Progress Report 2013-2014 2/32

is experiencing by local government. Another challenge is lack cross sector coordination on local development planning and no monitoring and evaluation mechanism apply to DRR activities achievement. To what extent do partnerships exist between communities, private sector and local authorities to reduce risk? Level of Progress achieved: 2 Partneship among community, private sector and local government consider well identified by existing joint committment and capacity and resources sharing to strengthen the community resilient to disaster. BPBD, Education Office and some NGO (local, national and international) collaborates on Safe School Program. Sectors partnership develop among BPDB, Social Office, Volunteer Organization and SAR on implementation of Preparedness Village Program. Meanwhile involvement of private sector temporary limited by project based, no sustainability support on disaster risk reduction activities. National, local government, community and businesses partnership build up through national simulation for earthquake and tsunami in 2011. Great support by business sector is not set up as sustainable support on DRR and private sector tend to collaborate on disaster response as example was Rokatenda survivor management. Riht now church organization on going carrying out trial on partnership among church, local government and businesses on avalabitility of teacher at Rokatenda survivor relocation area. Challenges facing are uneven information distribution among stakeholders on partnership program and lack support from local DRR forum to facilitate partnership among these DRR players. The RPJMD 2013-2018 not accomodate partnership with private sector as well as Local DM Office strategic Plan 2013-2018; meanwhile partnership with civil community is clearly stated How much does the local government support vulnerable local communities (particularly women, elderly, infirmed, children) to actively participate in risk reduction decision-making, policy making, planning and implementation processes? Level of Progress achieved: 2 Local Progress Report 2013-2014 3/32

RPJMD 2013-2018 cited strategic and purpose of local development toward vulnerable group, but more emphasize on women, children and poor family protection and involvement of vulnerable group is limited for women and children. Local development from planning until implementation limited to participation of women and children. One of national program on Community Empowerment (PNPM) endorse active participation women group in decision making, planning and implementation of activities until involvement on local village and sub district planning (Musrembang). One of Civil Society Group, Sikka Children Forum support involvement of children into local government activities and well as support from Women and Children Empowerment Office to include children on local development process; Forum membership is 100 children as representative of each sub district. People with disability group empower by some civil organization and church group but with limited support from local government. On vulnerability group protection, local government has regulated enhance of education and health service for poor community; formulated as health insurance for poor community. There are 58.000 population (budget allocation around Rp 8 billion) for local health insurance and integrated into Natioanl Health Network. Material construction support available for 10 households/village for poor family but no asset insurance available. Lack of capacity of vulnerable community, limited empowerment organizations, limited support from linked Officials constrained involvement of group into local planning. On the other hand, the classification as vulnerable group need to be specified; such as women and children group to identified which women and children at vulnerable area to be reduce its vulnerability. To what extent does the local government participate in the national DRR planning? Level of Progress achieved: 1 Local development priority formulated to accelerate purpose local development achievement and implementing of province and national development purpose include DRR (top-down). The participation of local government on national DRR Local Progress Report 2013-2014 4/32

planning is event based. A litte progress by recommendation provided on Health Card program for Rokatenda eruption survivor to Health Ministry that consider into national program and as host of national disaster preparedness drills in 2011. Limited space available for local government involvement given by national on national DRR planning. Local Progress Report 2013-2014 5/32

Essential 2 Assign a budget for disaster risk reduction and provide incentives for homeowners, low-income families, communities, businesses and public sector to invest in reducing the risks they face. How far does the local government have access to adequate financial resources to carry out risk reduction activities? Level of Progress achieved: 2 Local development has integrated DRR as space for local budget allocation. Database and monitoring of local financial is existing to overseen its access and usage. For national budget allocation limited to national program such as Preparedness Village, Resilient Village and rehabilitation and reconstruction activities. Local government assumed a strong commitment from national on budget allocation into disaster management program which consider as chance for local government. Indonesian Red Cross support local government to access private sector fund for disaster risk reduction activities, but a regulation support is requires to be developing by local government. Another challenge on financial access is limited DRR comprehension of legislative side constrained approval of budget allocates for DRR activities. To what degree does the local government allocate sufficient financial resources to carry out DRR activities, including effective disaster response and recovery? Level of Progress achieved: 2 Allocated budget for DRR is by sector, there are 6 sectors have accommodated among others BPBD, Public Work Office, Forestry Office, Health Office, Education Local Progress Report 2013-2014 6/32

and Youth Office and Local Environment Body. These allocation classified as a big contribution of local development budget for all disaster management cycles Budget allocation still limited by target achievement caused by sector comprehension on DRR, operational capacity and number of budget as well as weak coordination among Officials in program implementation. There is a challenge to synchronize disaster management cycle with local economic development plan. Pre-disaster economic development is targeting poor family in general, not specify yet into vulnerable group expose to vulnerable and low capacity. However, economic development plan for affected community post Rokatenda eruption is available in recovery program. Local government difficulties on propose DRR to legislative caused by limited comprehension of legislative and disaster response mindset is strongly coloring its understanding. What is the scope of financial services (e.g. saving and credit schemes, macro and micro-insurance) available to vulnerable and marginalised households for pre- disaster times? There are some financial resources such as revolving fund and cash support, among other KUBE-UEP (Joint Group Productive Economic), Anggur Merah, SPKP, UEP (Economic Productive Business) and PKH. General poor community targeted by these financial resources service based to economic condition. No specific target vulnerable community at prone area. However, great part of district is prone and poor community at these area is need to be prioritized to increase their capacity. Lack of technical support to vulnerable community linked to financial services given reduce effectively of services consider it is not apply for productive business just for consume by them. To what extent are micro finance, cash aid, soft loans, lone guarantees etc available to affected households after disasters to restart livelihoods? Level of Progress achieved: 2 Local Progress Report 2013-2014 7/32

Official (Social Office, Marine and Fisheries Office, Agriculture Office and Industry and Trade Office) provide financial program for affected households post disaster as cash aid and micro finance for business development. Implementation of these financial services constrained by population domicile and unclear land status, change of livelihood activities of survivor and accurate data linked to economic sector. Weakness of these financial services solely implement when emergency response status issued or transition from recovery to recovery. If the emergency response or transition period commit for long period, affected households not able to fulfill urgent consumption. No soft loan and grant available. How well established are economic incentives for investing in disaster risk reduction for households and businesses (e.g. reduced insurance premiums for households, tax holidays for businesses)? Level of Progress achieved: 1 No progress for this part. To what extent do local business associations, such as chambers of commerce and similar, support efforts of small enterprises for business continuity during and after disasters? Level of Progress achieved: 1 No involvement of businesses association to support small enterprises sustainability Local Progress Report 2013-2014 8/32

during and post disaster. Local Progress Report 2013-2014 9/32

Essential 3 Maintain up-to-date data on hazards and vulnerabilities, prepare risk assessments and use these as the basis for urban development plans and decisions. Ensure that this information and the plans for your city's resilience are readily available to the public and fully discussed with them. To what degree does the local government conducted thorough disaster risk assessments for key vulnerable development sectors in your local authority? Some risk assessment implementing by local government for key sector development, environment impact analysis for mining but not optimum on implementation; coastal risk assessment by Marine and Fisheries Office. As earthquake experienced in 1992, strengthen level of building to earthquake has consider. BPBD has commuted some risk assessment for tsunami and volcano eruption. Civil society also conducted risk assessment at village and school level. Commitment and institutional capacity is adequate, but risk assessment not distributed evenly to community and absorb it. Other challenge is the problem to synchronize risk assessment at village level into risk assessment basic data of BPBD. These risk and environment assessment not optimum integration into sector development. To what extent are these risk assessments regularly updated, e.g. annually or on a bi-annual basis? Level of Progress achieved: 2 Local Environment Body renewal the data status of local environment (SLHD) and Local Progress Report 2013-2014 10/32

strategic environment assessment in routine. These assessment integrated into sector activities and becomes basic of sector planning, although not in optimum. No routine risk assessment renewal and its data updates conduct that constrained by limited budget allocation. How regularly does the local government communicate to the community, information on local hazard trends and risk reduction measures (e.g. using a Risk Communications Plan) including early warnings of likely hazard impact? Local DM Office in routine socialize risk information to community. A set of information system and early warning system to be distributed to community among others short message service, handy talky and mobile calling. Risk information distribution conduct by cooperation of BPBD with military unit, district police, Meteorology and Climatology Agency and some civil society organization. Mobile center number is spread to community and might access for short message service and in mean time under developing. Social Office through its volunteer organization (Tagana) and Military Unit has link communication equipment for risk information. Preparedness villages team empower by civil society organization. Evacuation routes and evacuation sign boards installed at prone area. Limited maintenance and lack community ownership disturb these evacuation facilities. Radio frequent signal for risk information distribution is also a matter on permit and equipment and some utilize of frequent for personal interest. Communication by radio is potential for district when disaster occurs consider limited mobile phone signal coverage on area and unfortunately nowadays community has shifting its utilize to mobile phone. Risk information distribution between actors not integrated yet and no routine simulation on early warning system. Limited information available on early warning services provide at area. Operating procedure of early warning system is absence as well as early action procedure. Regulation on One Action on Radio Communication is important. How well are local government risk assessments linked to, and supportive of, risk assessments from neighbouring local authorities Local Progress Report 2013-2014 11/32

and state or provincial government risk management plans? Risk assessment between Sikka district and Ende District disaster handling post Rokatenda volcano eruption. Assessment was to on resources mapping and responsibility sharing between district based to national regulation. During emergency response of volcano eruption cooperation among Ende, Sikka and West Florest district wa committed. Sikka Watershed Forum collaborates with Partner for Resilient assesses watershed area at Riawajo located at Sikka and Ende district. Flood assessment conduct by civil society organizations by considering existing risk at location along watershed. Risk assessment between area and cross district need to be synchronize. How well are disaster risk assessments incorporated into all relevant local development planning on a consistent basis? Based on regulation, Sikka district has Local Regulation No. 10/2012 and local disaster management plan document 2013-2017. Risk assessment has consider into land use as formulated as Local Regulation No. 2/2012 as well Local Long Term Development Plan 2013-2018. Risk assessment not conducted yet for 10 sub districts impact uneven consideration of disaster risk reduction into development activities at sub district level. Some civil organizations try to encourage adoption of risk assessment into sector development, such as risk assessment at school level under Education and Youth Office; climate projection assessment for Agriculture Office; food security; livestock; coastal abrasion risk assessment; and mangrove distribution mapping with Marine and Fisheries Office. However, usage of these risk assessment in sector is minimum constrained by sector ego on coordination aspect and lack of DRR comprehension as well as limited application of Local DM Office roles. Local Progress Report 2013-2014 12/32

Local Progress Report 2013-2014 13/32

Essential 4 Invest in and maintain critical infrastructure that reduces risk, such as flood drainage, adjusted where needed to cope with climate change. How far do land use policies and planning regulations for housing and development infrastructure take current and projected disaster risk (including climate related risks) into account? Housing Communication Transportation Energy No Local Regulation on Land Use has consider disaster risk into local development planning at district level and no risk assessment yet for 10 sub districts. Some sub district has applied land use as basic on development plan. Local DM Office ever advocated Village Long Term Development Plan to be integrated with DRR but limited activities carry out for progress monitoring. Generally community has consider building construction strengthen as experienced many building collapsed by earthquake in 1992. Building codes includes as Minimum Service Standard at Public Work Office. Land use regulation was developed in 2012 and as its impact many building construction are misappropriate with regulation. Law enforcement and different translation of land use among sectors, cross sector coordination and monitoring to local land use application are some aspect to be carried out to assure increasing capacity of district on disaster. How adequately are critical public facilities and infrastructure located in high risk areas assessed for all hazard risks and safety? Local Progress Report 2013-2014 14/32

Risk assessment for earthquake implement by Early Child Education School, health facilities and school and it is stated as Minimum Service Standard for building committing by Public Work. Disaster risk has consider on area mapping on food and commodity potential by Food Strengthen Body; building site management and watershed profile of district. The census and validation poor community implementing as basic planning included for disaster risk reduction program. These assessment consumes times and a number of professional human resources. How adequate are the measures that are being undertaken to protect critical public facilities and infrastructure from damage during disasters? Some effort carry out by local government to protect facilities public and infrastructures as well as community assets by develop plaster to prevent sea abrasion and plaster to protect school located at prone area, river wall and reforestation. Local government has regulated the slope of area for school development. Routine maintenance for public facilities and Minimum Service Standard should obey sectors include Public Work. Although clear commitment and many efforts to protect public facilities and infrastructures from disaster damages, number of budge allocation is inadequate for comprehensive result. Local Progress Report 2013-2014 15/32

Essential 5 Assess the safety of all schools and health facilities and upgrade these as necessary. To what extent have local schools, hospitals and health facilities received special attention for "all hazard" risk assessments in your local authority? Level of Progress achieved: 4 Schools Hospitals/ health facilities Safe School program initiated by community has adopted as local government program and endorse Office of Education and Youth to consider disaster risk reduction into program and a Safe School Decree from Regent is issued. In total 33 schools running Safe School Program under cooperation between civil society organization and Education and Youth Office. Unfortunately the program not become part of regular program of Official, limited as cooperation between local government and civil society. However, planning document on sustainability of schools under Safe School Program and the document has adopted as school planning part. One aspect emphasizes on Safe School Program is building risk assessment and it is resulted rehabilitation activities to create safer school building. The repairmen school adopted safety from earthquake such as door design for easy open when earthquake open. Internal school team by consider school risk assessment formulate contingency plan with students. Public Work Office hs integrated risk assessment into structural construction assessment. Limitation of some operational capacities and resources constrained school multi-risk assessment. Limited budget allocation Official hinder the school coverage and temporary focuses for elementary school. Only a small number of civil society support the program for secondary and high school level. Meanwhile senior school level is under national management. Limited documentation and mapping by Official on school risk assessment conducted and other linked document (contingency plan). Local government needs to develop inclusion school for student with disability. Local Progress Report 2013-2014 16/32

How safe are all main schools, hospitals and health facilities from disasters so that they have the ability to remain operational during emergencies? Schools Hospitals/ health facilities No Regent Decree on Emergency Education, but it is not included yet as part of Local Regulation on Disaster Management. Some school carry out the Teenage Red Cross; some elementary and senior schools have emergency operation procedures covered evacuation routes, early warning system and emergency education. These operation procedures only applicable limited to some schools under program initiated by civil society organization and not include yet under Education and Youth Office program. Emergency education not stated under disaster management regulation on board out children from affected school to other operational schools. As Regent Decree board out only for girls from Rokatenda eruption survivor. Local government needs to develop inclusion school for student with disability. To what degree do local government or other levels of government have special programs in place to regularly assess schools, hospitals and health facilities for maintenance, compliance with building codes, general safety, weather-related risks etc.? Level of Progress achieved: 4 Schools Hospitals/ health facilities Local Progress Report 2013-2014 17/32

Every school development should has Permit Issuance and based to Minimum Service Standard that integrated with disaster risk reduction. As the example, in 2013-2014 period, doors facilities at schools designed to be opened outside of class room to fluent evacuation process. Education and Youth Office also has Minimum Services Standard which formulated into 27 standard operational; it is stated about routine check and maintenance. Regent Decree on Safe School apply to some schools. Monthly based, School Supervisor conduct physical check and maintenance as well as education process and report to Education and Youth Office. School risk assessment conducted not in comprehensive and no evaluation committed. Local government to complete some instruments on Safe School implementation based to National Disaster Management Agency Regulation No.4/2012 on Safe School. How far are regular disaster preparedness drills undertaken in schools, hospitals and health facilities? Schools Hospitals/ health facilities No Routine simulation implementing by schools under Safe School Program covered 30% school in area. Private school able to for self funding on the program. Budget allocation constrained program implementation and it is not allocated as regular program by Education and Youth Office and temporary focuses on routine simulation by Official is at elementary school. Senior high school under national responsibility and routine preparedness program carry out by civil society organization with school and funded by private school. Development of inclusion school, cross sector coordination and coordination sector with civil society organization consider as key success in enhancing capacity and existing program coverage. Local Progress Report 2013-2014 18/32

Essential 6 Apply and enforce realistic, risk compliant building regulations and land use planning principles. Identify safe land for low-income citizens and develop upgrading of informal settlements, wherever feasible. How well are risk-sensitive land use regulations and building codes, health and safety codes enforced across all development zones and building types? Land use and building codes regulation implementation hinder by abuse of Permit Issuance for development activities, negligence of community and weak of supervision/law enforcement. Local government takes action on violation of land use and building codes by demolition of housing and building situated at riverbank in center of district. Warning letters issued and discussion between Officials and community on violation by involvement of church and college student. How strong are existing regulations (e.g. land use plans, building codes etc) to support disaster risk reduction in your local authority? Weak supervision on local regulation implementation linked to land use and building codes as well as environment consideration into local development planning leads to increase of district vulnerability to disaster. However some actions taken to prevent continuity of violation. Implementation of these regulations constrained by technical operational and method enforcement that understood and obey. Another challenge is land use regulation issued in 2012 post many development activities by community Local Progress Report 2013-2014 19/32

and business activities. In specific, some development activities implement without environment impact analysis. Local Progress Report 2013-2014 20/32

Essential 7 Ensure education programmes & training on disaster risk reduction are in place in schools and communities. How regularly does the local government conduct awarenessbuilding or education programs on DRR and disaster preparedness for local communities? Programs include cultural diversity issues Programs are sensitive to gender perspectives Local government actively involves on routine education for disaster risk reduction. Environment and disaster information socialization in annual and establishment of Natural Resource Conservation Group at village level. Resilient village as one of national program implementing at village level by BPDB. The Regent Decree No. 368/HK/2013 on Standard of Facilities and Infrastructures on Disaster Risk Reduction Education Implementation and Character Education into Elementary, Junior and Senior School Education. Partnership develops by local government with some civil society organizations increase number of routine communication and education awareness on DRR. Among others CSOs involvement on Safe School Program, DRR talk show at radio, DRR information spread out at level village program, risk assessment and contingency plan formulation at village level and Sikka District Children Forum train on DRR. To what extent does the local government provide training in risk reduction for local officials and community leaders? Level of Progress achieved: 1 Local Progress Report 2013-2014 21/32

No program available for education and training to official and community leaders. To what degree do local schools and colleges include courses, education or training in disaster risk reduction (including climate related risks) as part of the education curriculum? DRR education has integrated into elementary school curriculum based to Regent Decree No. 368/HK/2013. Program implementing by CSOs strengthen DRR integration into formal education, included drill and simulation. On the other hand, Indonesian Red Cross also introduces search and rescue from elementary to senior school and establishment of Teenage Red Cross train for disaster preparedness. Preparedness Team at university support by Indonesian Red Cross but limited DRR integration into curriculum is experiencing. How aware are citizens of evacuation plans or drills for evacuations when necessary? Big earthquake in 1992 and huge Rokatenda Volcano eruption in 2013 encourage more participation of community on disaster preparedness including understanding of evacuation routes and self evacuation. BPBD has produces some evacuation routes map for some villages, as well as CSO participate by community involvement. Only a small number of schools carry out routine simulation. Community understanding on Local Progress Report 2013-2014 22/32

disaster impact encourage its participation on evacuation drills, but there are some action describes lack community ownership to evacuation facilities. Local Progress Report 2013-2014 23/32

Essential 8 Protect ecosystems and natural buffers to mitigate floods, storm surges and other hazards to which your city may be vulnerable. Adapt to climate change by building on good risk reduction practices. How well integrated are local government DRR policies, strategies and implementation plans with existing environmental development and natural resource management plans? Local Long Term Development Plan 2013-2018 has consider DRR and environment preservation which formulated into strategic plan and work plan of sector. Assessment on Strategic Environment Status (KLHS) became basic of development planning of linked Officials. Another development basic plan is Local and Land Use Plan has consider disaster risk and environment preservation. For sustainable environment management, Regent Decree on Mangrove no.263/hk/2012 regulated mangrove moratorium for protection along green belt at Sikka coastal area. It is mean to protect population from high tide, abrasion and tsunami. Environment analysis impact carry out for development activities but limited for implementation. Each sector program shown commitment for sustainable environment development, such as community forest program under Forestry Office, Resilient Coastal Village program by Marine and Fisheries Office; spring conservation program by Local Environment Body. CSOs actively support community on village regulation formulation for spring and coastal area protection. Limited comprehension of environment development and natural resources management considering lack community comprehension, natural resources exploitation without without consideration of ecosystem balance as stated in land use plan, quantity and quality degradation of watershed, water resources as well as weak law enforcement. Internally additional budget allocation is requires for sustainable environment management and enhance of coordination quality among sector as well as CSOs. To what degree does the local government support the restoration, protection and sustainable management of ecosystems services? Local Progress Report 2013-2014 24/32

Forests Coastal zones Wetlands Water resources River basins Fisheries Sectors program has integrated with commitment on sustainable environment management. Each sector program shown commitment for sustainable environment development, such as community forest program under Forestry Office, Resilient Coastal Village program by Marine and Fisheries Office; spring conservation program by Local Environment Body. CSOs actively support community on village regulation formulation for spring and coastal area protection. District Watershed Forum with CSOs formulates 3 watershed in Sikka and connected to Province Watershed Management Body and it is plan to be developing. Regent Decree on Mangrove no.263/hk/2012 regulated mangrove moratorium for protection along green belt at Sikka coastal area. It is mean to protect population from high tide, abrasion and tsunami. On the other hand, BPBD also on going to develop resilient village program and partnership with CSOs on community empowerment for DRR sector linked to environment issues. Higher budget allocation is essential to keep sustainability of existing program and quality of coordination among sector and CSOs. Another challenges are community comprehension, resources exploitation without without consideration of ecosystem balance as stated in land use plan, quantity and quality degradation of watershed, water resources as well as weak law enforcement. How much do civil society organizations and citizens participate in the restoration, protection and sustainable management of ecosystems services? Local Progress Report 2013-2014 25/32

Civil Society Organization and university collaborates with local government on environment protection and restoration. It is coverage spring conservation program, coastal area protection by mangrove moratorium and District Watershed Forum. Community empowered by CSOs and local government, trained and has comprehension on environment preservation and natural resources management. There are some community groups established and actives involve on environment program among others green group, farmer group, natural resources cares group, preparedness village team. These group also actively develop local regulation on environment protection for spring and coastal area. However, number of community group limited to empowerment program location, still depending and more mentoring is needed. These group need for replication considering coverage area of district. Local government to take essential step by increasing coordination between population domicile at headwaters and downstream on environment program. How much does the private sector participate in the implementation of environmental and ecosystems management plans in your local authority? Level of Progress achieved: 2 Bank sector participates on environment program through mangrove plantation under collaboration with Military Unit, religious group and CSOs. Another activities is fund support received by Forestry Office on million tree planting program. Corporate Social Responsibility widely open to support these activities especially from bank and cigarette company. However, local government has limited commitment and capacity to access CSR fund. It is needs for mapping private sector s CSR fund and set up a mechanism for access and encourage community group on these fund access. Big chance is open for community group but with mentoring on utilization of CSR fund. Local Progress Report 2013-2014 26/32

Essential 9 Install early warning systems and emergency management capacities in your city and hold regular public preparedness drills. To what degree do local institutions have access to financial reserves to support effective disaster response and early recovery? When disaster occurs, BPBD might access on-call budget allocated by local government that save under local account. BPBD has to prepare disaster report and propose payment request. Fund can be release if Regent stated the disaster occurrence. Church social group (Caritas) and Indonesian Red Cross allocated some funds for emergency response with limited amount. The fund request takes some times meanwhile the emergency response requires rapid action. To what extent are early warning centres established, adequately staffed (or on-call personnel) and well resourced (power back ups, equipment redundancy etc) at all times? Level of Progress achieved: 2 BPBD has early warning system for earthquake and tsunami situated in center of district at Katedral. Volcano wacthes post establish to monitor activities of Egon and Rokatenda volcano. Information resulted linked to early warning system of BPBD through SMS center, HT and mobile calling. Distribution of early warning information distribution also support by Military Unit, Police Sector, Meteorology and Climatology Agency (BMKG) and CSOs. Social Office under Tagana Organization and National Military has linked communication system on disaster. Extreme weather condition spread out by BPBD based on BMKG information. Warning sign and evacuation Local Progress Report 2013-2014 27/32

routes boards installed at prone area with limited ownership from community. Challenges facing are Radio frequent signal for risk information distribution is also a matter on permit and equipment and some utilize of frequent for personal interest. Communication by radio is potential for district when disaster occurs consider limited mobile phone signal coverage on area and unfortunately nowadays community has shifting its utilize to mobile phone. Risk information distribution between actors not integrated yet and no routine simulation on early warning system. Limited information available on early warning services provide at area. Operating procedure of early warning system is absence as well as early action procedure. Regulation on One Action on Radio Communication is importance. How much do warning systems allow for adequate community participation? Level of Progress achieved: 2 Community might receives information from SMS center develops by BPBD. CSOS has mentoring preparedness village team for early warning. Local wisdom and existing resources applying by preparedness team village to develop simple early warning system. Nature signs and verbal communication; kentongan (tool from bamboo), plate, church bell and mosque loud speaker using at local early warning system. However, nature signs is changed as well as existing local wisdom is fade away, local early warning system can not solely depend on local practices. To what extent does the local government have an emergency operations centre (EOC) and/or an emergency communication system? Local Progress Report 2013-2014 28/32

Emergency operating center (EOC) established under BPBD with 24 hours 7 days operational and equipped and completed with personnel. Limited human resources capacity hinder EOC operation. Coverage area of EOC also limited to reach large area of community. Contingency plan for volcano eruption (Egon and Rokatenda) as well as tsunami is available and has included mechanism coordination and command of EOC. How regularly are training drills and rehearsal carried out with the participation of relevant government, non-governmental, local leaders and volunteers? Level of Progress achieved: 2 Training for preparedness village team continue with simulation for school and village under cooperation of local government, Indonesian Red Cross and CSOs. In 2011 district acted as host for national tsunami simulation and in 2014 district simulation on high tide is implementing. These simulation/drills not routine conduct caused by lack of budget allocation and DRR comprehension from local decision makers. How available are key resources for effective response, such as emergency supplies, emergency shelters, identified evacuation routes and contingency plans at all times? Stockpiles of relief supplies Emergency shelters Safe evacuation routes identified Contingency plan or community disaster preparedness plan for all major hazards Local Progress Report 2013-2014 29/32

Local government has reserved/logistic stockpiles from some resources and has inventory by BPBD. Temporary shelter under management of Social Office; some evacuation routes and evacuation sign boards available and centered at some area only and need intense socialization. Contingency plan at district level available for tsunami, volcano eruption, earthquake, and flood as Nangagete watershed. At village level, some mentoring villages by CSOs have flood, abrasion and cyclone contingency plan. It is a challenge on synchronization of contingency plan between district and village. Local Progress Report 2013-2014 30/32

Essential 10 After any disaster, ensure that the needs of the survivors are placed at the centre of reconstruction with support for them and their community organizations to design and help implement responses, including rebuilding homes and livelihoods. How much access does the local government have to resources and expertise to assist victims of psycho-social (psychological, emotional) impacts of disasters? Level of Progress achieved: 4 On psycho social support, local government cooperates with CSOs, church and university. For Rokatenda eruption survivor, local government has regulated temporary shelter not to separate children with parents. Social Office and Education and Youth Office mentoring and support psycho social recovery at IDPs places together with CSO and psychologist from local university. Unfortunately, psycho social worker resources depend from external district as well as limited number of professional support. Local government accessible to psycho social resources but it is constrained by availability of services. Local government needs to develop database on psycho social services in district for quick access and cooperation on the program need to be documented properly. How well are disaster risk reduction measures integrated into postdisaster recovery and rehabilitation activities (i.e. build back better, livelihoods rehabilitation)? From many hazards in area, there are 3 existing contingency plan available and integrated with DRR on recovery and rehabilitation activities. Quick response Local Progress Report 2013-2014 31/32

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) strategic from emergency response to recovery based on management handling of survivor of Rokatenda eruption. Recovery plan formulated on emergency phase, integrated cross sector and by involvement of stakeholders and affected community and CSOs. Recovery plan manages fro short, middle and long term based to risk assessment applied at relocation area. Relocation step carry out by local government considering area included as red zone. Its implementation is hinder by land status at relocation area. It is prolonged the emergency response status for shifting to transition of recovery. Transition status constrained some recovery program plan delay for implementation. To what degree does the Contingency Plan (or similar plan) include an outline strategy for post disaster recovery and reconstruction, including needs assessments and livelihoods rehabilitation? There are 4 contingency plan formulated by local government (volcano eruption, flood, earthquake and tsunami) and not yet integrated with recovery plan. Some villages with CSOs mentoring have developed contingency plan for erosion, landslide, flood and abrasion. However, no documentation of existing local contingency plan and synergy with district document. Another weakness is no evaluation committed on document as well as revision to see its operational capacity. Local Progress Report 2013-2014 32/32