BY ORDER OF THE COMMANDER RAMSTEIN AIR BASE (USAFE) RAMSTEIN AIR BASE INSTRUCTION 48-102 12 MARCH 2018 Aerospace Medicine CONSOLIDATED RADIATION SAFETY AND CONTROL PROGRAM COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available on the e-publishing website at www.e-publishing.af.mil for downloading or ordering. RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication. OPR: 86 AMDS/SGPB Supersedes: RABI 48-102, 15 January 2010 Certified by: 86 MDG/CC (Col Michael J. Roberts) Pages: 24 This instruction provides guidance, procedures, precautionary measures, and responsibilities for the control of radioactive materials (RAM) and radiation-producing devices. This instruction incorporates AFI 40-201, Radioactive Materials (RAM) Management; AFI 48-148, Ionizing Radiation Protection; AFI 48-109, Electro-Magnetic Frequency Radiation (EMFR) Occupational and Environmental Health Program; AFI 48-139, LASER and Optical Radiation Protection Program; and AFMAN 48-125, Personnel Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry. It applies to all activities on Ramstein Air Base to include tenant units as well as contractors who possess, use, handle, store or bring radiation sources onto the installation. Refer recommended changes and questions about this publication to the Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR) using the AF IMT 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication; route AF IMT 847s from the fields through the appropriate functional s chain of command. Ensure that all records created as a result of processes prescribed in this publication are maintained in accordance with AFMAN 33-363, Management of Records, and disposed of in accordance with the Air Force Records Disposition Schedule (RDS) located at https://afrims.amc.af.mil/.
2 RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 SUMMARY OF CHANGES This revision updates the previous base instruction, dated 15 January 2010, in its entirety. The changes include the addition of local 86th Airlift Wing requirements to address those found in AFI 48-148, Ionizing Radiation Program; AFI 48-109, Electromagnetic Frequency Radiation Occupational and Environmental Health Program; AFI 48-139, Laser and Optical Radiation Protection Program. Significant changes include: the duties and requirements for Unit Laser Safety Officers, Unit Device Officers, and related safety programs for applicable units. 1. Purpose 1.1. This instruction describes the Radiation Safety and As Low as Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) Programs for Ramstein Air Base. It requires the control for nonionizing radiation (LASERS, Electro-Magnetic Frequency Radiation) and ionizing radiation (RAM, instruments or ionizing radiation-producing devices) to safeguard the health of military and civilian populations, while permitting maximum benefits from their use. The effectiveness of these programs depends on consistent and conscientious safety efforts of the material/device users. 2. Responsibilities 2.1. The Commander, 86th Airlift Wing will: 2.1.1. In accordance with AFIs 40-201, 48-109, 48-139, 48-148, and AFMAN 48-125, the 86 AW/CC designate members of the Ramstein Air Base, Bioenvironmental Engineering (BE), as the Installation Radiation Safety Officers (IRSOs) and Installation LASER Safety Officers (ILSOs). 2.2. All Unit Commanders will: 2.2.1. Ensure unit personnel who receive, possess, distribute, use, transfer, or dispose of Radioactive Material (RAM), Electro-Magnetic Frequency Radiation (EMFR) devices, and optical radiation producing devices observe the requirements of this instruction, federal, local, and USAF policies and regulations. 2.2.2. Appoint the following positions that apply (coordinate with IRSO for templates if applicable) and send a copy of the appointment letter to the IRSO/ILSO in the 86 AMDS/SGPB within 10 work days or include IRSO in the routing when using the 86 AW Appointment Letter Management Tool (ALMT): 2.2.2.1. Unit Radiation Safety Officer (URSO) if their unit or workplaces use and/or possess radioactive material (i.e. check sources), generally licensed devices (GLDs) or items (GLI). 2.2.2.2. RAM Permit Radiation Safety Officer (PRSO) as required by AFI 40-201 and AFI 48-148. The PRSO must be a member of the using organization, and meet education and experience requirements in AFI 40-201. 2.2.2.3. Unit LASER Safety Officers (ULSO) for units using or possessing American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Class 3B or 4 LASERs.
RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 3 2.2.2.4. Unit Device Officer (UDO) for units with EMFR transmitters/receivers (high power emitters) or radiation-producing devices (i.e. x-ray units) with coordination through the IRSO. 2.2.2.5. Commanders of tenant units will appoint a Radiation Safety Officer Liaison (RSOL). This individual should have a basic familiarity with EMFR, LASER and ionizing radiation, hazards and the applicable regulations. This person will coordinate with the IRSO on procurement of future devices if radioactive material, radiation producing devices, LASERs, or EMFR transmitters/receivers are required by their unit. This position is unique from ULSO and URSO due to it being specific to tenant units. The RSOL can be appointed as the URSO, PRSO, ULSO, and UDO if the commander deems necessary and if needed for the mission. 2.2.2.6. URSO, PRSO, ULSO, UDO, and RSOLs will be the IRSO s point of contact for their respective materials, devices, and instruments. 2.3. Bioenvironmental Engineering (BE) will: 2.3.1. Assist the IRSO and ILSO (assigned from the BE Flight) in management of the Ramstein Air Base Radiation Safety Programs outlined in Paragraph 2.4. 2.3.2. Assist unit radiation safety officers (URSO, PRSO, ULSO, UDO, and RSOLs) assigned by unit commanders to accomplish requirements outlined in Paragraph 2.5. 2.4. The IRSO and ILSO will: 2.4.1. Initiate, supervise, and execute the Ramstein Air Base Radiation Safety Program IAW AFIs 40-201, 48-109, 48-139, 48-148, and AFMAN 48-125. 2.4.2. Act as central point of contact for all requests to use RAM or radiation-producing devices, including those by contractors. 2.4.3. Provide the following in support of the Ramstein Air Base Radiation Protection Program: 2.4.3.1. Coordinate requests for radioactive waste disposal through Air Force Radioactive, Recycle and Disposal (AFRRAD). Once approval is received from AFRRAD, IRSO will maintain the requests until the items are removed from the Radioactive Material Management Information System (RAMMIS) inventory and approved by RICS. 2.4.3.2. Investigate the loss, theft, or spill of RAM, and all real or suspected overexposures to radiation IAW AFIs 40-201, 48-109, 48-139, 48-148, and AFMAN 48-125. 2.4.3.3. In the event of contractor loss or release of RAM, and/or suspected overexposures to ionizing radiation from RAM, the IRSO will report to the USAF Radioisotope Committee (RIC) those portions of the incident that pertain to the AF involvement. 2.4.3.4. The IRSO may recommend procedures to contractors through the contracting office representative (COR).
4 RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 2.4.3.5. The IRSO will verify the contracting unit (700 CONS) has updated contact information for the IRSO and alternates when a new IRSO appointment letter is signed. 2.4.4. Be the sole authority for contacting HQ USAFE/SGPB USAF RIC, or the Nuclear Regulatory Commission regarding reportable events. 2.4.5. Ensure the installation non-ionizing (LASER and EMFR) and optical radiation safety programs initiated by this instruction are effectively managed. 2.4.6. Ensure that ULSOs and supervisors employing military specific LASERs maintain a copy of the Air Force Laser Systems Safety Review Board (LSSRB) approval letter and hazard evaluation or safety summary for each system type. 2.4.7. Verify the ULSO training is adequate for the specific shop LASER hazards, meets local needs, and is IAW AFI 48-139. 2.4.8. Suspend installation operations involving the operation of LASER or other optical radiation sources that pose a significant health risk to personnel, are in clear violation of regulations or requirements, or can negatively impact Air Force operations, materiel, or real estate. 2.4.9. Maintain a listing of hazardous LASER and optical radiation equipment. At a minimum the list will include system nomenclature (model and manufacturer), ANSI assigned hazard classification (Class 3B and 4 LASERs), unit owning the equipment, unit point of contact (name, DSN, bldg), physical location of laser, and list of current controls in place, if applicable. Other information to include would be parameters used to analyze LASER hazard in LHAZ (i.e. wavelength, power, continuous vs. pulsed, controls in place, operator distance, beam characteristics, etc.) 2.4.9.1. At a minimum the IRSO will conduct a data call to update the LASER inventory for Ramstein Air Base and assigned GSUs annually. 2.4.9.2. The inventory will be updated and maintained in the Defense Occupational and Environmental Health Reporting System (DOEHRS) regularly. The annual data call will be compared to the DOEHRS inventory and rectified via routine industrial hygiene surveys. 2.4.10. Meet with Ramstein Air Base Spectrum Manager (86 CS) annually to review the accuracy and update the installation/gsu inventory for Electro-Magnetic Frequency (EMF) emitters. 2.4.10.1. BE will maintain and update the EMF device inventory in the DOEHRS. It will be compared to the Spectrum Manager s inventory and physically verified with the owning organization during routine industrial hygiene surveys. 2.4.11. Will coordinate with ULSOs and 700 CONS prior to acquisition of laser devices to ensure laser is FDA compliant if it is not a military specific laser system with an Air Force LSSRB approval letter. 2.5. The URSO, PRSO, ULSO, UDO, and RSOLs will: 2.5.1. Maintain and update an inventory of all RAM, permit, LASER, GLDs, and radiation-producing devices, respectively, within the organization. Verify the inventory
RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 5 annually. The URSO, PRSO, ULSO, and/or UDO must contact the IRSO when changes occur. 2.5.2. The URSO will ensure workplaces using GLDs adhere to the provisions of 10 CFR 31.5, Certain detecting, measuring, gauging, or controlling devices and certain devices for producing light or an ionized atmosphere, and register the devices with the USAF RIC. 2.5.3. Coordinate with the IRSO for assistance in developing unit radiation safety training and operating instructions (OIs). 2.5.4. Establish a written unit training program IAW AFIs 40-201, 48-109 (EMFR), 48-139 (LASER), 48-148 (RAM and ionizing radiation-producing devices), and AFMAN 48-125 (TLDs). 2.5.4.1. The goal of the radiation safety awareness training is to ensure exposures are kept As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA). Document training on each member s AF Form 55, Employee Safety and Health Record, or equivalent. 2.5.4.2. Contact BE if you need assistance in conducting radiation safety awareness training. 2.5.5. Understand and enforce the requirements in Attachment three of this instruction pertaining to contractors bringing RAM onto Ramstein Air Base or any of its GSUs and tenant organizations. 2.5.6. Develop and manage a unit LASER and optical radiation safety program. 2.5.7. Develop and maintain unit policies, procedures, and instructions to meet AFI 48-139. 2.5.8. Assist the unit commander in developing policies, procedures and/or instructions to meet AFI 48-139. 2.5.9. Coordinate suspected LASER accidents/incidents as detailed in AFI 48-139. Initiate investigation by calling IRSO or BE as soon as possible. 2.5.10. ULSO, UDO, and RSOL will be primary POC for the unit on LASER and other optical radiation safety matters and maintains lines of communication with the ILSO, BE, SEG, and PH personnel. 2.5.11. Suspend unit operations involving the operation of LASER or any optical radiation sources that pose a significant health risk to personnel, are in clear violation of regulations or requirements, or can negatively impact AF operations, materiel, or real estate. Coordinates with the ILSO as needed to maintain safe operation. 2.6. Ramstein Air Base, Aerospace Medicine will: 2.6.1. Conduct pre-employment and termination medical examinations of civil service employees and Air Force personnel who may be routinely exposed to ionizing radiation. 2.6.2. Coordinate with Public Health to ensure pre-employment and termination eye exams are performed for personnel in work centers with class 3b and 4 LASERs. 2.6.3. Document all examinations in individual medical records.
6 RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 2.7. Ramstein Air Base, Public Health will: 2.7.1. Assist IRSO and coordinate medical examinations IAW AFIs 40-201, 48-109, 48-139, 48-148, and AFMAN 48-125. 2.7.2. With the assistance of the Installation Occupational & Environmental Health Working Group (OEHWG), reviews and approves recommended medical surveillance examination (MSE) requirements, in addition to those outlined in the ANSI Z136 Series, IAW AFI 48-145, Occupational Health Program, and AFMAN 48-146, Occupational and Environmental Health Program Management. 2.7.3. Ensure medical follow-up examinations are conducted for persons identified as having been potentially overexposed to LASERs or other optical radiation. 2.7.4. Coordinate with ILSO to establish which work centers require eye exams and maintain a roster or list of work centers, update regularly, annually at a minimum. 2.8. Ramstein Air Base, Optometry will: 2.8.1. Conduct baseline and termination eye examinations for personnel working with class 3B or 4 LASERs IAW AFI 48-139. 2.8.2. Document all examinations in individual medical records. 2.8.3. Ensure accidental exposures are documented in the individual medical record using protocols set forth in the LASER Injury Guidebook. 2.9. Kaiserslautern Military Community Fire Emergency Services will: 2.9.1. Coordinate with the IRSO to update locations and characteristics of RAM used or stored on Ramstein Air Base, Germany. 2.9.2. Ensure fire protection personnel are trained by the IRSO on radiation hazards. 2.9.3. Coordinate with IRSO for fires in facilities with RAM. 2.9.4. Evaluate procedures and facilities IAW National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 115, Standard for LASER Fire Protection. 2.9.5. Develop emergency response plans, and procedures that address Class 3B or Class 4 LASERs during firefighting operations which have the potential to be a fire hazard (e.g., laboratory/research, DOE, EOD, or tactical LASERs). 2.10. Ramstein Air Base, Civil Engineering will: 2.10.1. Ensure the IRSO is consulted on facility designs that include the storage or use of RAM and/or radiation producing devices such as x-ray machines. 2.10.2. Consult with the IRSO during response operations involving nuclear or radiological materials. 2.11. Ramstein Air Base, Transportation Management will: 2.11.1. Ensure packages are in compliance with 49 CFR 17 through 199, and AFPD 24-2. 2.12. 700 Contracting Squadron (700 CONS) will:
RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 7 2.12.1. Ensure all contractors are vetted and any potential for ionizing and non-ionizing radiation producing assets entering RAB are coordinated with BE and IRSO. 2.13. Workplace Supervisors will: 2.13.1. Protect the health of personnel by ensuring all operations involving radiation adhere to all radiation safety instructions, technical orders, and workplace OIs. 2.13.1.1. Ensure deviations are coordinated and approved by the IRSO. 2.13.1.2. Coordinate all new and revised OIs, pertaining to radiation safety, with the IRSO prior to publishing. 2.13.2. Conduct and document training IAW AFIs 40-201, 48-109, 48-139, 48-148, and AFMAN 48-125. 2.13.3. Enforce the TLD Program and ensure personnel wear TLD badges IAW AFMAN 48-125. 2.13.4. Provide all necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) and ensure their proper use. 2.13.5. Inform the IRSO and URSO/ULSO immediately of new ionizing radiation sources (i.e. RAM, GLDs), ionizing radiation-producing devices (i.e. X-rays, GLD, etc.), non-ionizing radiation-producing devices (i.e. radio emitters, radar), or changes to existing sources to ensure all radiation hazards in the workplace are evaluated. 2.13.6. Provide all personnel working with radiation sources, radiation-producing devices, and non-ionizing radiation-producing devices the appropriate periodic radiation safety training. Document training on individuals AF Form 55 or equivalent. 2.13.7. Refer declared pregnant females to Public Health for a pregnancy evaluation immediately. 2.13.8. Report any suspected or alleged overexposures immediately to the Ramstein Air Base IRSO (see chapters three and four respectively). 2.13.9. Notify the IRSO of unsafe work practices or hazardous conditions involving RAM or radiation-producing devices. 2.13.10. Assist the ULSO in implementing AFI 48-139 by developing unit procedures and provides training for workers and visitors, as applicable. 2.13.11. Ensure LASERs and optical radiation systems are either FDA complaint, or in the case of military specific LASERs, have been approved by the AF LSSRB prior to acquisition/fielding. When necessary, requests approval from the AF LSSRB through AFSEC/SEW for military specific LASERs. 2.13.12. Add any approved LASER system to the BE Laser Data Call. Contact the ILSO for location of installation LASER inventory if it has not been provided. 2.13.13. Ensure users of any Class 1M, 2M, 3R, 3B or 4 FDA-Compliant LASER, military specific LASER, or optical radiation sources are trained upon initial assignment to the unit. Annual LASER training is required for units owning ANSI class 3b and 4 LASERs. All other classes will be trained initially and at intervals determined by the
8 RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 ILSO if necessary. This extends to those individuals that conduct routine maintenance on any Class 3B or Class 4 embedded LASERs. Criteria for training are detailed in the ANSI Z136 Series and AFI 48-139. 2.13.13.1. Document training regarding safe use and hazards from LASERs and optical radiation sources on AF Form 55 or equivalent. Verify the individual user s annual safety training IAW AFI 48-139. 2.13.14. Ensure workers under their supervision are aware of and follow the safety procedures outlined in AFI 48-109, equipment technical manuals, and the unit EMFR safety awareness training program. 2.13.15. Prepare an EMFR safety awareness training plan to provide initial training for newcomers and refresher training for system operators, maintenance personnel, and other workers assigned to duties in Upper Tier as well as action level environments. 2.13.16. Ensure the EMFR safety awareness training plan includes the topics indicated in AFI 48-109, Paragraph 4.4.1. 2.13.17. Inform BE and request a hazard assessment survey for each new EMFR system prior to operation. Notify BE of any physical or operational changes that could increase the power density of the field generated by the EMFR system. 2.14. Employees will: 2.14.1. Comply with AFIs 40-201, 48-109, 48-139, 48-148, and AFMAN 48-125. 2.14.2. Minimize personal exposure to radiation in accordance with radiation safety training and/or ALARA policy. Follow all safety precautions to ensure exposures to radiation are ALARA (ionizing) or below applicable limits (non-ionizing). 2.14.3. Report incidents of suspected overexposures to the supervisor immediately. 2.14.4. Notify the IRSO of any off-duty, non-air Force radiation work (i.e., in other employment), and provide monitoring results for inclusion in the Master Radiation Exposure Registry. 2.14.5. Individuals on the TLD Program will notify the IRSO before receiving medical diagnostic testing or treatment involving RAM. If you are not on the TLD program, it is not necessary to contact the IRSO. 2.14.6. Report to 86 AMDS Occupational Health building 2119, DSN 479-2234, for examination as soon as practical if they believe they have been over exposed to radiation during normal duty hours Monday through Friday 0730-1630. After hours report to the Landstuhl Regional Medical Center Emergency Room. 2.14.7. Control LASER and optical radiation hazards by following procedures in AFI 48-139, CONOPs, TTPs, SOPs, TOs, manuals, and unit instructions. 2.14.8. Ensure that warning signs, safety devices, and PPE are functional and in place before operating LASERs or optical radiation systems. 2.14.9. Immediately report to the workplace supervisor and the ULSO any suspected LASER or optical radiation overexposure, unsafe conditions, and/or change in usage that could change the hazard assessment.
RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 9 2.14.10. Follow safe work procedures given in AFI 48-109, equipment TOs, manuals, and unit OIs. 2.14.11. Follow procedures established by the supervisor to ensure safe working conditions. 2.14.12. Immediately report any suspected EMFR overexposure and any unsafe work condition to their supervisor. 3. Non-ionizing Radiation 3.1. Electro-Magnetic Frequency Radiation (EMFR). 3.1.1. Work centers on Ramstein Air Base will perform EMFR training if any EMFR hazard is identified by BE in the work center. 3.1.1.1. Initial EMFR training will be provided to all new employees in work centers with EMFR hazards. The training will include the following: 3.1.1.1.1. EMFR Responsibilities for unit commander, UDO (if applicable), supervisors, and employees outlined in this RABI and AFI 48-109. 3.1.1.1.2. Brief summary of EMFR theory and where it fits in the frequency spectrum. 3.1.1.1.3. Physiological effects of EMFR and how the energy is dissipated by the body. 3.1.1.1.4. Upper tier and lower tier definitions, and which tier applies to your work center personnel. 3.1.1.1.5. The proper procedure to report a potential exposure/overexposure to EMFR. 3.1.1.2. Additional initial and refresher training is required for any work center that has the potential to exceed the Lower Tier Maximum Permissible Exposures (MPEs) (Table 5. in AFRLSA-WP-SR-2013-0003). The training will include the topics outlined in Paragraph 3.1.1.1. subsections and the following topics. 3.1.1.2.1. Theory of EMFR controls and how they protect from potential EMFR over exposure. 3.1.1.2.2. How to initiate an investigation of a potential EMFR exposure. 3.1.1.2.3. Work center specific controls and procedures for equipment used in the work center or used by employees in the field any time they are assigned to the corresponding work center. 3.1.1.2.4. MPE for work center specific equipment. 3.1.1.2.5. Signage requirements for the work center specific equipment per 47 CFR 1.1307 (b). 3.1.2. Any incident in which personnel are potentially exposed to EMFR in excess of the permissible exposure level will be immediately reported to the IRSO located at the BE Flight, Building 2182, DSN 479-2220. Exposure incidents that occur during non-duty
10 RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 hours will be reported to the installation Command Post, ext: 06371 47 2121. The Command Post will notify the BE Flight (86 AMDS/SGPB). 3.1.3. Owning unit commanders must coordinate modification and construction plans for facilities intended for use with operations involving EMFR with the IRSO. 3.1.4. EMFR inventories will be maintained and updated annually by UDO in coordination with IRSO and Installation Spectrum Manager. 3.2. Light Amplification by Stimulated Electron Radiation (LASER). 3.2.1. Work centers on Ramstein Air Base will perform LASER safety training if any LASER hazard is identified by BE in the work center. 3.2.1.1. Initial LASER training will be provided to all new employees in work centers with LASER hazards. The training will include the following: 3.2.1.1.1. LASER Responsibilities for unit commander, ULSO (if applicable), UDO (if applicable), supervisors, and employees outlined in this RABI and AFI 48-139. 3.2.1.1.2. Brief summary of LASER theory and where it fits in the frequency spectrum. 3.2.1.1.3. Physiological effects of LASER and how it effects the skin and eyes. 3.2.1.1.4. ANSI LASER Classification and which class of LASERs are present in the work center. 3.2.1.1.5. The proper procedure to report a potential lasing incident. 3.2.1.2. Laser safety training shall be provided initially and annually to users of any Class 3B or 4 FDA-Compliant Lasers or military specific lasers, IAW with the training requirements/topics listed in the ANSI Z136 Series, military directives and requirements, and the following additional topics: 3.2.1.2.1. Work center specific LASER hazards for each unique piece of equipment used while assigned to the work center. 3.2.1.2.2. How to initiate an investigation of a potential LASER exposure. 3.2.1.2.3. Work center specific controls and procedures for equipment used in the work center or used by employees in the field any time they are assigned to the corresponding work center. 3.2.1.2.4. NOHD, NSHD, and LASER eye protection (LEP) Optical Density (OD) for each unique piece of equipment in or used in the work center. 3.2.1.2.5. Signage requirements for the work center specific equipment per 47 CFR 1.1307 (b). 3.2.2. Incidents in which personnel suspect they have been exposed to LASER radiation in excess of the maximum permissible exposure or complaints of persistent visual disturbances after working with LASERs must be reported to the ILSO located at the BE Flight, building 2182, DSN 479-2220. Exposure incidents that occur during non-duty
RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 11 hours will be reported to the installation Command Post, ext: 06371 47 2121. The Command Post will notify the BE Flight (86 AMDS/SGPB). 3.2.3. The potentially exposed individuals will be directed to report to 86 AMDS Aerospace Medicine Clinic for examination as soon as practical. Individuals with suspected skin exposure will also report to the clinic, for examination as soon as practical. 3.2.4. Owning unit commanders must coordinate modification and construction plans for facilities intended for use with LASER operations with the ILSO. 3.2.5. Personnel working with 3B or 4 class LASERs require pre-employment and termination eye examinations IAW AFI 48-139. Individuals will schedule an appointment with the Optometry Clinic, DSN 479-2350. 3.3. Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation: 3.3.1. Personnel will not be exposed to occupationally produced UV radiation (e.g., welding arcs, damaged metal halide lamps; non-destructive inspections lamps) in excess of the Threshold Limit Value specified in the most current American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices booklet. BE will assist shop supervisors and personnel in identifying areas and conducting surveys where hazards may exist. 3.3.1.1. Workers required to perform duties outdoors for extended periods in the sun are urged to keep skin covered (e.g., long sleeved shirts, hats, etc., consistent with duties and safety requirements) and use sun block on exposed skin. 3.3.2. Incidents in which personnel suspect they have been occupationally exposed to UV radiation or complaints of persistent visual disturbances after working with UV, must seek medical assistance, report the incident to the IRSO located at the BE Flight, Building 2182, DSN 479-2220. Exposure incidents that occur during non-duty hours will be reported to the installation Command Post, ext: 06371 47 2121. The Command Post will notify the BE Flight (86 AMDS/SGPB). Individuals will report to the Emergency Care Center (ECC) for medical assistance. Exception: Occupationally related sunburns will be not reported to the IRSO follow up with Occupational Medicine to report injury. 3.3.2.1. Any applicable unit safety incident reporting procedures will also be followed. 3.3.3. Coordinate modification and construction plans for facilities intended for use with UV radiation operations with the IRSO. 3.4. Non-Air Force organizations, including contractors/subcontractors, who desire to bring a non-ionizing radiation source/device onto a Ramstein Air Base must follow the procedures in Attachment 3. 4. Ionizing Radiation 4.1. Ionizing radiation exposures must be maintained below limits published in 10 CFR 20, AFMAN 48-125, and AFI 48-148, and they will also be kept ALARA. BE will assist shop supervisors and personnel in identifying areas and conducting surveys where ionizing radiation hazards may exist.
12 RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 4.1.1. Local TLD investigation action levels are shown in Attachment 2. The IRSO established these on the basis of dose histories in these workplaces. 4.2. Personnel involved in radiological operations on Ramstein Air Base must use all reasonable means available (i.e., time, distance, and shielding) to minimize potential radiation exposure from all ionizing radiation sources (i.e. RAM, GLD, X-rays). 4.2.1. BE manages the TLD Program for civil service and USAF personnel at Ramstein Air Base IAW AFMAN 48-125. Personnel enrolled in the TLD Program will receive TLD training from BE prior to performing radiation duties. A memorandum of understanding must be signed by each employee with a TLD assigned to them prior to performing assigned duties. These memorandums will be kept with the IRSO in the BE Flight, a copy will also be provided to the individual. It is also recommended the supervisor keep a copy as well. 4.2.2. Upon initial assignment, personnel assigned to shops enrolled in the TLD Program must contact the BE Flight, Building 2182, DSN 479-2220 for enrollment in the program and issue of a TLD prior to beginning duties. Contractors are responsible for their own monitoring program. Air Force personnel are not authorized to wear contractors monitoring devices, unless a suitable Air Force monitoring device accompanies the devices. 4.2.3. Personnel will wear and store their TLDs IAW guidelines provided by BE and AFMAN 48-125. Misuse or mishandling of TLDs (medical-legal documentation), intentional or otherwise, will be investigated. 4.3. All personnel working with RAM (both permitted and exempt GLD) must adhere to safe and healthful work practices whenever handling RAM. Obtain additional guidance on safe practices and contamination control from the IRSO (Reference: AFI 40-201 and AFI 48-148). 4.4. Any incident in which personnel are potentially exposed to ionizing radiation in excess of exposure limits must be immediately reported to the IRSO located at the BE Flight, Building 2182, DSN 479-2220. Exposure incidents that occur during non-duty hours will be reported to the installation Command Post, ext: 06371 47 2121. The Command Post will notify the BE Flight (86 AMDS/SGPB). 4.4.1. Supervisors must account for all affected personnel and be assembled in an area away from the hazard area. Do not allow personnel to leave the area until cleared by the IRSO or designated representative. Note: Record events leading to exposures, including circumstances, operating parameters, amount and type of isotopes if applicable, names of personnel exposed, where the incident occurred, and an estimate of the extent of contamination (if RAM or GLD is dispersed). 4.4.2. Within 5 working days from the date of the incident, the IRSO must receive a complete written report from the user. The report must contain a detailed description of the incident, a chronological description of how the incident was handled, and preventive measures taken to ensure the incident will not be repeated. Other reporting instructions are detailed in AFI 40-201 and AFI 48-148. The IRSO will communicate with HQ USAFE/SGO and the USAF RIC as necessary. Note: The USAF RIC makes all required notices to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 13 4.4.3. Any applicable unit safety incident reporting procedures will also be followed. 4.4.4. New or modified uses of RAM or ionizing radiation-producing devices must be reported to and approved by the IRSO. 4.5. Modifications and construction plans for facilities intended for use with operations involving ionizing radiation or RAM must be coordinated with the IRSO. 4.6. Radioactive Material (RAM). 4.6.1. Permitted RAM will be handled IAW AFI 40-201. 4.6.2. GLDs will be handled IAW 10 CFR 31.5 and USAF RIC guidance. 4.6.3. The IRSO must ensure all generally licensed devices are leak tested and inventoried IAW 10 CFR 31.5 or manufacturer s specifications, whichever is stricter. 4.6.4. The unit or organization permittee shall retain custodianship, control, receipt, storage, and issue of NRC licensed RAM covered by an AF-held license. 5. ACQUIRING RADIOACTIVE 5.1. Organizations acquiring/using RAM and/or radiation-producing devices through any contracting mechanism (e.g., US Army Corps of Engineers, GSU, Ops/Maintenance, contracts etc.) must: 5.1.1. Comply with AFI 40-201 requirements for non-air Force use of RAM and radiation-producing devices. 5.1.2. Non-Air Force organizations must send written requests to the IRSO at least 30 calendar days prior to use. At GSUs, contractors will submit this information to the RSOL, who will pass it to the IRSO. The request must include the information listed in Attachment 3. 5.1.3. For contractors, these requirements must be included in the statement of work. 5.1.3.1. Contractors will not bring RAM onto Ramstein Air Base without the written consent of the IRSO. 5.2. USAF RAM Permits. 5.2.1. The IRSO will determine if a permit or license is needed before anyone can possess or use RAM on Ramstein Air Base property. 5.2.2. The requestor must submit applications for permits through the IRSO. The requestor will prepare the application in accordance with AFI 40-201, Paragraph 2.20.1. 5.2.3. Organizations desiring to renew an expiring RAM Permit should contact the IRSO at least 60 days prior to the permit expiration date. Renewal will consist of preparation and submission of a complete, stand-alone application to the USAF RIC. 5.2.4. Organizations with permits no longer requiring the use of RAM should upgrade permit status, transfer, terminate or dispose of the material. Transfer, termination, or disposal guidelines are outlined in AFI 40-201. Contact the PRSO and IRSO for assistance with transfer, termination, or disposal. 6. RAM Receipt and Shipment
14 RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 6.1. Shipping and receiving RAM (including GLDs) must be done in accordance with 10 CFR 71 and 49 CFR 100 through 199, and AFD 24-2. 6.2. Shipping and receiving procedures are summarized in Attachment 4. 6.3. The IRSO will provide instructions and assistance as needed. At GSUs, this information will flow through the RSOL or supervisor if RSOL is not yet assigned. 7. RAM Storage 7.1. Keep all RAM in a RAM storage area or a locked enclosure separate from other items to insure personnel not familiar with RAM are not accidentally exposed to ionizing radiation. Proper storage techniques and labeling requirements are outlined in AFI 40-201 and 10 CFR Part 20. 7.1.1. If a facility has not been surveyed to store RAM, request a survey from the IRSO 14 calendar days prior to the expected usage date of the facility. 7.2. A storage area from which RAM has been permanently removed must be surveyed by qualified individual approved by the IRSO. Written clearance must be received before the area may be used for other purposes. 8. RAM Movement 8.1. Personnel must account for the location of RAM and prevent the movement of RAM to unauthorized persons or locations, without adequate handling or storage facilities. Notify the IRSO if you plan to move RAM within or off the installation. 8.1.1. RAM may only be moved off the installation by authorized transporters. Contact IRSO immediately if RAM movement off the installation is needed. 8.1.2. Transport RAM off installation only in adequately shielded and authorized containers per Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations (49 CFR 171-199) and as authorized by the permit. 8.1.3. Vehicles transporting RAM require the appropriate DOT placards. 8.1.4. All users must have proper survey instruments when transporting RAM. Ask BE for assistance. 9. RAM Disposition 9.1. Disposition of licensed/permitted RAM may only be carried out by transfer to another licensed agency or to a licensed disposal contractor IAW AFI 40-201. 9.2. Disposal of RAM is the responsibility of the using organization. Disposal procedures for Air Force owned RAM are specified in AFI 40-201. RICHARD G. MOORE, JR., Brigadier General, USAF Commander
RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 15 References Attachment 1 GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION 10 CFR Part 20, Standards for Protection Against Radiation, 25 Jan 2018 10 CFR Part 31.5., NRC General License Requirements, 25 Jan 2018 29 CFR 1910.1096, Ionizing Radiation, 22 Jan 2018 49 CFR Parts 171 through 199, Transportation Requirement, 22 Jan 2018 AFI 40-201, Radioactive Materials Management, 17 Sep 2014 AFMAN 48-125, Personnel Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry, 04 Oct 2011 AFI 48-148, Ionizing Radiation Protection, 20 Nov 2014 AFI 84-103, Museum System, 22 May 2015 AFI 91-204, Safety Investigations and Reports, 12 Feb 2014 AFI 48-109, Electro-Magnetic Frequency Radiation (EMFR) Occupational and Environmental, 01 Aug 2014 AFI 48-139, (Health Program) LASER and Optical Radiation Protection Program, 30 Sep 2014 AFM 32-4004, (Health Program) Emergency Response Operations AFPD 24-2, (Health Program) Preparation and Movement of US Air Force Material. Abbreviations and Acronyms AF Air Force AFI Air Force Instruction AFMAN Air Force Manual AFRRAD Air Force Radioactive, Recycle and Disposal ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable ALMT Appointment Letter Management Tool AMDS Aerospace Medicine Squadron AMDS/SGPB Bioenvironmental Engineering Flight ANSI American National Standards Institute AW Airlift Wing BE Bioenvironmental Engineering CFR Code of Federal Regulations CONOP Concept of Operation COR Contracting Office Representative
16 RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 CW Continuous Wave db decibel DOE Department of Energy DOEHRS Defense Occupational and Environmental Health Reporting System DOT Department of Transportation DSN Defense Switched Network ECC Emergency Care Center EMF Electro-Magnetic Frequency EMFR Electro-Magnetic Frequency Radiation FDA Food and Drug Administration GLD Generally Licensed Device GLI Generally Licensed Item GSU Geographically Separated Unit IAW In Accordance With ILSO Installation Laser Safety Officer IRSO Installation Radiation Safety Officer J Joules kvp kilovolt peak kw kilowatt LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation LEP LASER Eye Protection LHAZ Laser Hazard (Software Package) LSSRB Laser Systems Safety Review Board MFR Memorandum for Record MHz Megahertz MPE Maximum Permissible Exposure mrem milirem MSE Medical Surveillance Exam NDI Nondestructive Inspection NOHD Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission NSHD Nominal Skin Hazard Distance
RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 17 OD Optical Density OEH Occupational and Environmental Health OEHWG Occupational & Environmental Health Working Group OI Operating Instruction OPR Office of Primary Responsibility PH Public Health POC Point of Contact PPE Personal Protective Equipment pps pulse per second PRSO Permit Radiation Safety Officer RABI Ramstein Air Base Instruction RAM Radioactive Materials RAMMIS Radioactive Material Management Information System RIC Radioisotope Committee RICS Radioisotope Committee Secretariat rpm rotations per minute RSOL Radiation Safety Officer Liaison sec second SEG Ground Safety SOP Standard Operating Procedure TLD Thermoluminescent Dosimeter TO Technical Order TTP Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures UDO Unit Device Officer ULSO Unit Laser Safety Officer USAF United States Air Force URSO Unit Radiation Safety Officer UV Ultraviolet W watt (unit of power) Terms As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) Concept Air Force philosophy for working with ionizing radiation and RAM. Establishes a set of management and administrative actions to ensure radiation doses are minimized to the greatest extent possible.
18 RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 Generally Licensed Devices (GLD) A generally licensed item, as defined and listed in 10 CFR 31.5, is a device that contains RAM and is used for detecting, measuring, or controlling moisture, density, chemical composition, and level, and for producing light or producing an ionized atmosphere. Examples of these devices include IBIS (Inflight Blade Inspection System) indicators, ice detectors, self-luminous exit signs, gas chromatographs, compasses (with tritium dials), certain fill-level gauges, certain density gauges, certain fixed and portable gauges, certain chemical agent monitors, counterweights, and certain lenses. There are other categories of generally licensed devices defined in 10 CFR 31.3, 31.7, 31.8, 31.10, 10 CFR 40.13, and 10 CFR 40.22. Unit Device Officer (UDO) Organization focal point for EMFR devices and radiationproducing devices appointed in writing by the unit commander. Must meet requirements specified in AFI 48-148 and 10 CFR 31 Radiation Safety Officer Focal point for radiation safety on Ramstein Air Base and appointed in writing by the Ramstein Air Base Commander. Must meet requirements specified in AFI 40-201. Ionizing Radiation Particulates or electromagnetic energy produced from the decay of unstable elements, which may produce ions that interact with matter. Ionizing radiation may also be produced in the form of X-rays. The different types of ionizing radiation include Alpha, Beta, Gamma, X-ray, and most rarely, Neutron radiation. LASERs Acronym of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. LASERs, broadly speaking, are devices that generate or amplify light, just as transistors generate and amplify electronic signals at audio, radio, or microwave frequencies. LASER Safety Officer or Unit LASER Safety Officer (ULSO) Organization focal point for LASER safety and appointed in writing by the unit commander. Must meet requirements specified in AFI 48-139. Permit Radiation Safety Officer (PRSO) Specified by the RAM Permit and assigned duties IAW AFI 40-201 for the specific permit. Appointed in writing by commander of organization owning RAM Permit. Radioactive Materials (RAM) Unstable elements, the decay of which produces ionizing radiation. RAM Permit A permit issued by the USAF Radioisotope Committee (HQ AFMOA/SGOR, Bolling AFB DC) IAW AFI 40-201 regulating the possession, use, maintenance, and disposal of a non-exempted instrument or items containing RAM (for AF agencies). For non-af agencies, a permit issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an agreement state. Radiation-Producing Devices Includes ionizing and non-ionizing radiation devices exempt from permits or other regulations under AFI 40-201. Examples are radio frequency emitters/antennas and X-ray machines. Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) Badge issued by Bioenvironmental Engineering (86 AMDS/SGPB) to monitor personal exposure to ionizing radiation in certain jobs identified as having an exposure risk by the Ramstein Air Base Radiation Safety Officer.
RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 19 Attachment 2 ABNORMAL EXPOSURE CRITERIA A2.1. The IRSO investigates radiation exposure levels above the Investigation Action Level (IAL). If determined that an administrative dose is required due to a lost TLD badge or any other error where the dose on the badge is confirmed not to be accurate it will be corrected by reviewing and applying the highest historical doses by any person in that workplace during normal operations. The IRSO may also apply a maximum dose for a worst-case scenario if needed. Typical administrative dose will be the annual maximum dosage for radiation workers (5 rem/yr) divided by the amount of the year the TLD was analyzed for, i.e. quarterly max is 5 rem divided by 4, so 1.25 rem is the maximum quarterly administrative dose applied. If there is historical data that the worst case is a higher dose, the IRSO can apply a higher administrative does. Figure A2.1. Investigation Action Levels (IALs) Workplace IAL for quarterly TLD Pregnant worker, IAL per month 86th Dental X-Ray 250mrem 50mrem 86th NDI 250mrem 50mrem 86th Radiology 250mrem 50mrem Worksites added to the Program TBD by IRSO 50mrem
20 RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 Attachment 3 NON-AIR FORCE USE OF RADIATION SOURCES APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS A3.1. Use of RAM: A3.1.1. Air Force Instruction 40-201, Radioactive Materials Management, sets USAF policy for using radioactive materials (RAM). It applies to all civilians, civilian contractors, Department of Defense, Department of Energy (DOE), and DOE prime contractor personnel bringing RAM onto Air Force installations. A3.1.2. Non-Air Force organizations that bring RAM onto USAF installations, or conduct operations involving RAM on USAF installations, must obtain the approval in writing of the installation commander or his designee. To obtain this approval, the contractor must forward an application to the IRSO located at the BE Flight, Building 2182, DSN 479-2220, with a courtesy copy to the contracting officer at least 30 calendar days before the planned date for commencement of activities on the installation. Contractors operating at Ramstein Air Base tenant units will forward the following requirements to the IRSO via the site RSO liaison (RSOL): A3.1.2.1. A description of the proposed activities on NRC Form 241 A3.1.2.2. The procedures established to ensure radiological health and safety of Air Force personnel and the public while on Air Force installations; the name, local address, and telephone number for the responsible local representative; and the name, address, and telephone number of the RSO named on their license. A3.1.2.3. A current copy of the applicable NRC, or Agreement State License. Expired licenses are unacceptable. To be valid at the installation, the license must either specifically state the installation by name on the license, or state approval for work at temporary job sites anywhere in the United States where the NRC or Agreement State maintains jurisdiction. DOE or DOE prime contractors must provide, in lieu of a license, written certification of their exemption from NRC licensing requirements and cite the applicable exemption of 10 CFR. A3.1.2.4. The part of the Air Force contract describing work to be done at the installation and the inclusive dates of such work. A3.1.2.5. An acknowledgement that the RSOL or IRSO can make periodic checks to ensure the contractor is following applicable radiological health and safety practices, which prevent unnecessary exposures to Air Force personnel and prevent potential contamination of government property. The RSOL or IRSO must identify deficiencies to the contracting officer for corrective actions. In addition, the RSOL and IRSO have authority to suspend contractor operations believed to be unsafe. A3.1.2.6. Copies of the most recent leak test results (not over 180 days old) for sealed sources. A3.1.2.7. Copies of training certificates for authorized users. A3.2. Contractors will adhere to 10 CFR and 49 CFR sections pertaining to transportation of RAM.
RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 21 A3.3. Contractors must notify the GSU RSOL or IRSO when RAM arrives on installation, and when the RAM is removed from the installation. A3.4. Use of LASERs: A3.4.1. Non-Air Force organizations required to use LASER Classes 3B or 4, on Ramstein Air Base property must submit a written request for approval at least 30 calendar days before commencement of activities, which require the use of a LASER. A3.4.2. Contractors must submit their request to IRSO located at the BE Flight, Building 2182, DSN 479-2220, with a courtesy copy to the contracting officer, and will include: A3.4.2.1. Description/Characteristics: A3.4.2.1.1. Manufacturer A3.4.2.1.2. Model A3.4.2.1.3. Number of same units A3.4.2.1.4. Serial numbers A3.4.2.1.5. LASER medium A3.4.2.1.6. Mode of operation (i.e. continuous wave (CW), single pulse, multiple pulse) A3.4.2.1.7. Maximum exposure time (train length) A3.4.2.1.8. Time (sec) & wavelength A3.4.2.1.9. Energy/pulse (J) or CW power (W) A3.4.2.1.10. Pulse repetition frequency A3.4.2.1.11. Pulse width A3.4.2.1.12. Beam diameter (at 1/e point) A3.4.2.1.13. Beam divergence (at 1/e point) A3.4.2.2. The part of the Air Force contract describing work to be done at the installation and the inclusive dates of such work. Additional information required to be included: where the LASER will be used (location, indoors, outdoors, enclosures, etc.), and the safety features of the device. A3.4.2.3. An acknowledgement that the IRSO can make initial and periodic checks to ensure the contractor is following applicable radiological health and safety practices, which prevent unnecessary exposures to Air Force personnel. A3.5. Use of (EMFR): A3.5.1. Non-Air Force organizations required to use equipment generating EMFR in excess of 7 watts peak power and a frequency of 100 MHz or greater on Ramstein Air Base property must submit a written request for approval at least 30 calendar days before commencement of activities, which require the use of the RF generating device.
22 RAMSTEINABI48-102 12 MARCH 2018 A3.5.2. Contractors must submit their requests to IRSO located at the BE Flight, Building 2182, DSN 479-2220, via the site RSOL, if applicable, with a courtesy copy to the contracting officer; and will include: A3.5.2.1. Description/Characteristics: A3.5.2.1.1. Description A3.5.2.1.2. Nomenclature A3.5.2.1.3. Location of emitters A3.5.2.1.4. Quantity A3.5.2.1.5. Frequency (MHz) A3.5.2.1.6. Pulse width (microsecond.) A3.5.2.1.7. Pulse repetition freq. (pps) A3.5.2.1.8. Peak power (kw) A3.5.2.1.9. Antenna size (feet--horizontal/vertical) A3.5.2.1.10. Antenna band width (degrees--horizontal/vertical) A3.5.2.1.11. Antenna gain (db) A3.5.2.1.12. Scan rate (rpm) A3.5.2.2. The part of the Air Force contract describing work to be done at the installation and the inclusive dates of such work. Additional information required to be included where the EMF generating device will be used (location, indoors, outdoors, enclosures, etc.), and the safety features of the device. A3.5.2.3. An acknowledgement that the site RSOL and IRSO can make initial and periodic checks to ensure the contractor is following applicable radiological health and safety practices, which prevent unnecessary exposures to Air Force personnel. A3.6. Use of Ionizing Radiation Generating Devices: A3.6.1. Non-Air Force organizations required to use ionizing radiation-producing devices (for RAM, see Section 1) on Ramstein Air Base must submit a written request for approval at least 30 calendar days before commencement of activities, which require the use of ionizing radiation-producing devices. A3.6.2. Contractors must submit their request to IRSO located at the BE Flight, Building 2182, DSN 479-2220, with a courtesy copy to the contracting officer; and will include: A3.6.2.1. Description/Characteristics: A3.6.2.1.1. X-ray unit manufacturer A3.6.2.1.2. Model number A3.6.2.1.3. Serial number A3.6.2.1.4. Maximum kvp, ma, Sec A3.6.2.1.5. Ionizing radiation source/emitter (electron tube)