Research Workbook Mark Aldred September 29, 2006
Contents Section One- Architectural Topic Research Summary of Theories Theoretical Issues Architectural Precedents (theoretical Issues) Annotated Bibliography Section Two- Facility Research Summary of Facility Requirements Epistemology of facility type Excerpts from Related Precedents Client Interviews and Surveys Facility Issues Systems Analysis Activity/Spatial Analysis Unique Requirements and Equipment Architectural Precedents (Facility Type) Section Three- Context Research Description of Site Contexts Architectural Precedents Based on Content Section Four- Continued Research
1. Summary of Theories Architectural Topic Research Inspiration Childhood cancer is something I have personal experience with. I was diagnosed with osteosarcoma at age 10 and bounced between many different clinics and hospitals. When presented with the task of designing a hospital of any type, naturally pediatric oncology came to mind. The two things that I would have changed the most if I could have would have been the environment created by the buildings and having to bounce between different clinics and hospitals in Colorado Springs and Denver. The facilities I was treated in were all enclosed with no windows, a dull and depressing scheme of colors, and usually had very cramped rooms. Being treated in Colorado, there were many opportunities to go to camps for children with cancer in the mountains. This experience was always helpful for me to just be in God s peaceful, beautiful surroundings. My goal is to combine all of these ideas into one facility using my personal experience among others. Theories Involved Childhood patients need their parents nearby and therefore each room should have an adjoining room for their parents. Children need a place where they can be themselves and play when they feel up to it. All rooms should be private with a private shower/bath. Patients need to be exposed to more than just medicine to be treated properly. Elements such as pets, prayer, and being exposed to nature all play important parts in the healing process. Patients should be able to be treated entirely at one location. All patient rooms should have windows and a view. Thesis Statement This project will speed the healing process of pediatric oncology patients by exposing them to an environment surrounded by nature. 2. Theoretical Issues Childhood patients need their parents nearby and therefore each room should have an adjoining room for their parents. Part of the healing process is to have the ability to remain in your comfortable surroundings. This includes being able to have your parents with you. Children need a place where they can be themselves and play when they feel up to it. Children especially need to be able to have an outlet, a place to be themselves and forget about the stress that is keeping them down. All rooms should be private with a private shower/bath.
Another element to the healing process is the ability to not be forced into doing it with someone you don t know. Especially in the adolescent years privacy when you aren t feeling your best can help a lot. Patients need to be exposed to more than just medicine to be treated properly. Elements such as pets, prayer, and being exposed to nature all play important parts in the healing process. Medicine plays a very large role in the healing process. However, there are many overlooked elements that are also involved including being in ones familiar surroundings, being exposed to the outdoors, and the element of prayer. Being able to incorporate these elements into a hospital will make it much more successful in the long run. Patients should be able to be treated entirely at one location. Also falling into the category of patients need to be in familiar surroundings, they should not have to be bounced from one unfamiliar facility to another. Only forcing them to get used to one facility can make the process much less stressful. All patient rooms should have windows and a view. Falling into the category of being exposed to the outdoors all patients should have the opportunity to have a view outside when they cannot go outside. To summarize all design characteristics should take into consideration three ideas: Are the patients being exposed to the outdoors? Are the patients able to remain in their familiar surroundings? Are the patients able to be cared for spiritually as well? 3. Architectural Precedence Based on Theoretical Principles Building: Falling Water Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Ohiopyle, Pennsylvania Applicable Feature: The building deals with exposing people to nature and uses materials suitable for the area
Building: Taliesin West Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Scottsdale, Arizona Applicable Feature: The building deals with exposing people to nature and uses materials suitable for the area Building: Stanford University Medical Center Architect: BTA, Inc. Location: Stanford, California Applicable Feature: The building deals with exposing people to nature and uses materials suitable for the area 4. Annotated Bibliography 1. Pearson, David. New Organic Architecture. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California, 2001. Call Number: ARCH NA682.073.P43 2001 2. Bobrow, Michael and Sasken, Louis. "Cancer Care in a Garden." Health Care Design Magazine September 26, 2006 http://www.healthcaredesignmagazine.com/dispstpg.htm?id=3213.
1. Summary of Facility Requirements Facility Research New 120-Bed Peds Onc Hospital Administrative / Public: DGSF Functional Space Program Administration 3,000 Admitting 650 Case Management 800 Conference/Education 2,400 Finance 1,300 Gift Shop / Volunteers 1,200 Human Resources / Employee Health 2,300 IS 2,550 Lobby 2,000 Med Staff Services / Medical Library 2,200 Medical Records 2,300 Nursing Services 900 On-Call 900 Pastoral Care / Chapel 300 QA / Inf. Ctl. / Performance Improvement 950 Library 4000 Cafeteria 4000 Diagnostic / Treatment Services: Subtotal 31,750 Dialysis 1,500 (6) Treatment Bays Emergency Department (ED) 6,600 (11) Beds Endoscopy / GI Lab 1,700 (2) Endoscopy Suites Diagnostic Imaging: 23,500 CT (2) General/R&F (8) MRI (1) Mammography / Stereotactic (4) Nuclear Medicine (1) Ultrasound (4) Echo (2) Invasive / Non-Invasive Cardiology 7,200 (3) Cath Labs Laboratory 4,800 Morgue Pre-Admit Testing 1,000 Rehabilitation / Physical Therapy 5,300 Respiratory Therapy 1,700 Sleep Lab 1,700 (3) Rooms
Surgery 27,000 (8) Ors, (2) Minor Procedure Rooms Same Day Surgery / OP Surgery Post-Anesthesia Care Unit Cancer Treatment Center: Radiation Therapy 9,900 Medical Oncology 4,900 Critical Care Services: Subtotal 96,800 Intensive Care Unit 12,600 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 7,200 Inpatient Services: Medical/Surgical Nursing Unit 33,000 60 Beds Pediatric Nursing Unit 4,600 8 Beds Support Services: Subtotal 37,600 Bio Med 600 Central Sterile Processing 4,500 Dietary Services 8,700 Engineering / Plant Operations 4,950 Environmental Services 3,400 Mail Room 150 Materials Management / Purchasing 4,650 PBX 150 Pharmacy 3,250 Security 1,100 Support Staff Services 1,500 Subtotal 32,950 Total DGSF DGSF to Building Gross Conversion Factor x1.30 Total BGSF Spaces to be added Offices Blood Lab Outpatient Clinic Pre OP Nurses Stations Janitorial Public Restroom PT Shipping Receiving Parent rooms Playrooms
2. Epistemology of Facility Type There is a very limited history on pediatric oncology hospitals. So limited there is only one true example existing today. Opened in 1962, St. Jude s Children s hospital treats only patients with forms of cancer or blood diseases. It is a primary research outlet for top of the line treatment across the world. Outside of St. Jude s, there are three types of hospitals that can treat pediatric oncology patients: cancer centers with both adult and pediatric components, children s hospitals with a cancer component, and university hospitals which will usually have all parts. The idea of combining all needed treatment types into one facility for pediatric oncology patients is very undeveloped and this will provide an interesting challenge for my project. 3. Excerpts From Related Precedence Article Title: No Hidden Patient URL: http://www.healthcaredesignmagazine.com/current_issue.htm?id=5268 Principle: Shows a good example of how nurses can view every patient at all times from their station. Article Title: Ten Principles for Creating a World-Class Children s Hospital URL: http://www.healthcaredesignmagazine.com/past_issues.htm?id=1402 Principle: Talks about ideas for fostering success in a children s hospital before and after the construction phase.
Building: University Medical Center (Infusion) Location: Lubbock, TX Principle: Shows how to expose patients to nature in certain areas of the building. 4. Client Interviews and Surveys Dr. Anthony Cecalupo with University Medical Center- Doctor Cecalupo spent a few hours of his time to walk me through the UMC and show me everything I would need to know. Dr. Cecalupo is an old doctor of mine who I happened to find working here at the UMC. I was able to gain most of the information in this section from this walk through. 5. Facility Issues 1. A common problem today is the privacy of patients. A common solution to this is having a keypad at the entrance to each wing allowing only people with permission or a code to enter. They also are required to be let out by the desk nurse before leaving. This would prevent anyone from being taken without proper procedure. 2. Most patients like to be able to have plants in their room. One problem with this is that it is bad for them as they are filled with bacteria. One way to solve this is to allow them rooms with views of plants or gardens that they can go out into when cleared. 3. Another issue is that children need more monitoring than adults would normally. In response to this, nurses stations should be able to see all rooms at a time in order to make sure everyone is taken care of. 6. Systems Analysis Main building structure: Steel Roof Structure: Wood Building Façade: Wood and Stone
7. Spatial Analysis 8. Unique Requirements and Equipment Equipment: CT Scan (Computerized Tomography) MRI Radiation Simulator Bone Scanner Nuclear Testing Blood Lab Pyxis Supply Stations Staffing: Surgical Specialists Pediatricians Anesthesiologists Hematologists Areas: Operating Rooms Infusion Rooms Outpatient Facilities Inpatient Facilities Diagnostics X-ray Emergency Room Bone Marrow Transplant Unit
9. Architectural Precedents Based on Facility Type Building: St. Jude s Children s Hospital Founder: Danny Thomas Location: Memphis, TN Applicable Feature: The building is the world s primary example for a pediatric children s hospital. 1. Description of Site Contexts Context Research History of the Site My site has undergone many changes over the past fifteen years most of which I was able to personally experience. This site began as part of a large acreage of farming land and was sold to La Plata Investments (developers) in the early 90 s to become a part of the master subdivision of Briargate. By the mid 90 s all cattle were gone. One of the unique features of the site is a creek bed which used to have water in it regularly. Along this bed were two ponds. In 1996, Union Blvd was paved up to the edge of the site and its storm sewers dumped onto the site which helped keep the ponds and creek alive. In 2003 however, Union Blvd and Briargate Pkwy were paved through the site eliminating one of the ponds and blocking off the flow of water to the other pond. The pond which still remains still has many willow trees around it. It used to have a large population of salamanders and frogs around it but it has since turned into a dump and most life has died
off. The pond which was eliminated to put in Union Blvd never had any life in it to begin with. Along the creek bed lies many trees to this day and reviving this natural feature and exposing it to the patients will become a big part of my design. This area is secluded to the back of the site and can be shielded from any future development. Site Images
Site Map
Parcel Map Zoning Map
Zoning Requirements A - Agricultural: To provide for large lot residential development and agricultural purposes that are, in most cases, on the periphery of the City limits but may become an urban area in the future. The agricultural activities conducted in the A zone district should not be detrimental to adjacent urban land uses. The types, size and intensity of uses permitted in this district shall encourage and protect agricultural uses until urban development occurs. While this land is not zoned for a hospital I will for purposes of this project attempt to satisfy all other requirements of this zoning district and also protect the land as requested in this zoning type. Setback requirements are as follows and can be found athttp://66.113.195.234/co/colorado%20springs/index.htm Front- 25 ft. Side- 10 ft. Rear- 35 ft. Maximum lot coverage- 15% Maximum building height- 30 ft. Site Context As can be seen on the aerial photo, there is almost purely residential housing around my site. The one major exception is the new hospital that is going up on the northeast corner of Briargate Pkwy and Union Blvd. The area north of the site, known as Pine Creek, requires that all houses resemble the design of those downtown. While its attempts do provide somewhat of a rustic look to the subdivision, its attempt to resemble downtown falls short. Almost all of the houses in this area are two-story houses built mostly with siding and composite roofing. As a result I feel my hospital should attempt so show respect to its surroundings by not standing out too much. Perhaps keeping the materials similar, wood and brick, and keeping it no higher that 3 stories above ground level. Site Analysis
2. Architectural Precedents Based on Context Building: University Medical Center (Infusion) Location: Lubbock, TX Principle: Deals with nature on site Building: Falling Water Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Ohiopyle, Pennsylvania Applicable Feature: The building deals with taking advantage of existing site features Continued Research Acquire Plans from St. Jude s Acquire Plans from UMC Further develop a program of spaces