Labor Market Analysis: Stanislaus County

Labor Market Analysis: Stanislaus County Central Valley/Mother Lode Region August 2017 Prepared by: Nora J. Seronello Center of Excellence Central Valley/Mother Lode Region seronellon@mjc.edu

Table of Contents Construction... 3 Current and Projected Employment... 3 Wages... 4 Education Levels... 5 Community College Supply... 7 Health Care... 9 Current and Projected Employment... 9 Wages... 10 Education Levels... 11 Community College Supply... 12 ICT/Digital Media... 15 Current and Projected Employment... 15 Wages... 15 Education levels... 16 Community College Supply... 16 APPENDIX A: Methodology & Data Sources... 18 APPENDIX B: Other Occupations... 20 Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 2

Construction Current and Projected Employment The top three construction occupations strictly relevant to community colleges with the greatest number of projected annual openings between 2017 and 2022 in Stanislaus County are: carpenters, 150 annual openings; painters (construction and maintenance), 91; and electricians, 79 (Exhibit 1). Exhibit 1: Current and projected job openings in construction in Stanislaus County Occupation 2017 Jobs 5-Yr Change 5-Yr % Change Openings Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 1,887 117 6% 198 Construction Laborers 1,505 138 9% 185 Carpenters 1,461 64 4% 150 Plumbers, Pipefitters and Steamfitters 737 79 11% 92 Painters, Construction and Maintenance 816 79 10% 91 Electricians 704 42 6% 79 First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and 667 35 5% 73 Extraction Workers Welders, Cutters, Solderers and Brazers 635 2 0% 70 First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers 542 45 8% 56 and Repairers Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration 409 50 12% 51 Mechanics and Installers Operating Engineers and Other Construction 273 26 10% 34 Equipment Operators Helpers Installation, Maintenance and Repair 252 16 6% 33 Workers Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers 248 14 6% 29 Telecommunications Equipment Installers and 228 26 11% 28 Repairers, Except Line Installers Installation, Maintenance and Repair Workers, 253 10 4% 26 All Other Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers 371-122 -33% 25 Roofers 263-11 -4% 25 Sheet Metal Workers 233 9 4% 23 Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters 216-9 -4% 20 Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators and 128 11 9% 18 Tenders, Except Sawing Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers 98 32 33% 15 Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers 89 22 25% 14 Construction and Building Inspectors 107 7 7% 12 Tile and Marble Setters 127 2 2% 12 Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline 84 2 2% 11 Operators Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers 65 15 23% 10 Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 3

Wages Electrical power-line installers and repairs has the highest entry-level wage, $31.48/hour, followed by telecommunications line installers and repairers, $25.11/hour, and first-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers, $18.94/hour (Exhibit 2). Two of the occupations fall below the Stanislaus County living wage for a single adult, $11.03/hour. Exhibit 2: Construction wages in Stanislaus County Entry-Level Median Hourly Occupation Wages Wages Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers $31.48 $48.90 Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers $25.11 $35.39 First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction $18.94 $26.74 Workers Roofers $18.05 $21.04 Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment $17.78 $27.39 Operators First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers and Repairers $17.52 $30.24 Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists $16.75 $22.09 Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators $16.59 $40.85 Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers $16.33 $28.11 Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except $15.74 $24.67 Line Installers Electricians $15.68 $25.50 Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics and $15.42 $18.88 Installers Plumbers, Pipefitters and Steamfitters $15.10 $18.97 Tile and Marble Setters $15.01 $18.17 Welders, Cutters, Solderers and Brazers $14.68 $21.29 Sheet Metal Workers $13.94 $23.30 Construction and Building Inspectors $13.75 $33.23 Carpenters $13.60 $17.14 Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers $12.39 $19.43 Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers $12.15 $18.54 Construction Laborers $11.56 $16.23 Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators and Tenders, $11.55 $17.35 Except Sawing Installation, Maintenance and Repair Workers, All Other $11.24 $17.14 Painters, Construction and Maintenance $11.21 $15.23 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General $11.20 $19.77 Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters $10.77 $13.20 Helpers Installation, Maintenance and Repair Workers $10.01 $13.79 Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 4

Education Levels There are only two occupations that require a postsecondary nondegree award: heating, air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics; and installers and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers (except line installers) (Exhibit 3). However, four occupations typically require apprenticeships, and five typically require long-term on-the-job training. Two others require five or more years of experience. Exhibit 3: Construction education levels Occupation Maintenance and Repair Workers, General Construction Laborers Carpenters Plumbers, Pipefitters and Steamfitters Painters, Construction and Maintenance Electricians First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers Welders, Cutters, Solderers and Brazers First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers and Repairers Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators Helpers Installation, Maintenance and Repair Workers Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers Maintenance Workers, Machinery Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers Installation, Maintenance and Repair Workers, All Other Typical Entry-Level Education No formal educational credential No formal educational credential Postsecondary nondegree award No formal educational credential Postsecondary nondegree award Work Experience Required Typical On-The-Job Training CPS None Long-term 38.2% None Short-term 21.7% None Apprenticeship 25.9% None Apprenticeship None Moderate-term 20.5% None Apprenticeship 47.3% 5 years or more None 32.8% None Moderate-term 28.2% Less than 5 years None 42.9% None Long-term 43.9% None Moderate-term 24.3% None Short-term 22.1% None Moderate-term 15.2% None Moderate-term 34.5% None Moderate-term 52.8% None Moderate-term 35.0% Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 5

Occupation Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers Roofers Sheet Metal Workers Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators and Tenders, Except Sawing Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers Construction and Building Inspectors Tile and Marble Setters Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers Typical Entry-Level Education No formal educational credential No formal educational credential No formal educational credential Work Experience Required Typical On-The-Job Training CPS None Moderate-term 15.4% None Moderate-term 13.7% None Apprenticeship 34.4% None Moderate-term 25.7% None Short-term 21.3% None Long-term 49.8% None Long-term 47.2% 5 years or more Moderate-term 44.5% None Long-term 18.8% Less than 5 years Moderate-term 23.7% None Moderate-term 47.2% Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 6

Community College Supply Exhibit 4 shows annual job openings and corresponding program titles with student completion data for the construction and extraction sector. Occupation Maintenance and Repair Workers, General Construction Laborers Electricians (47-2111) Plumbers, Pipefitters and Steamfitters (47-2152) Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators (47-2073) Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers (49-9021) Exhibit 4: Construction community college supply in Stanislaus County Openings (2016-21) Program - TOP6 198 No Corresponding Programs Degrees 185 No Corresponding Programs 79 Electrical - 095220 92 Plumbing, Pipefitting and Steamfitting - 095230 34 Heavy Equipment Operation - 094730 51 Environmental Control Technology - 094600 Energy Systems Technology - 094610 Carpenters (47-2031) 150 Construction Crafts Technology - 095200 First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers (47-1011) Painters, Construction and Maintenance (47-2141) Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers (49-9051) Carpentry - 095210 73 Construction Crafts Technology - 095200 Carpentry - 095210 Electrical - 095220 Glazing - 095240 Masonry, Tile, Cement, Lath and Plaster - 095260 Painting, Decorating and Flooring - 095270 Drywall and Insulation - 095280 Roofing - 095290 Civil and Construction Management Technology - 095700 Public Works - 210210 91 Painting, Decorating and Flooring - 095270 15 Electrical Systems and Power Transmission - 093440 Certificates Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 7

Cement Masons and No Corresponding Programs Concrete Finishers (47-2051) 29 Roofers (47-2181) 25 Roofing - 095290 Construction and Building Inspectors (47-4011) 12 Construction Inspection - 095720 Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers (47-2081) Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters (51-7011) Tile and Marble Setters (47-2044) Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators (53-7032) Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers (49-2098) Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators and Tenders, Except Sawing (51-7042) Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers (49-9052) Welders, Cutters, Solderers and Brazers (51-4121) First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers and Repairers (49-1011) Helpers Installation, Maintenance and Repair Workers (49-9098) Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers ( Installation, Maintenance and Repair Workers, All Other (49-9099) Sheet Metal Workers (47-2211) 25 Drywall and Insulation - 095280 20 Mill and Cabinet Work - 095250 12 Masonry, Tile, Cement, Lath and Plaster - 095260 11 Diesel Technology - 094700 Heavy Equipment Operation - 094730 10 Electrical - 095220 18 Mill and Cabinet Work - 095250 14 Telecommunications Technology - 093430 70 Welding Technology - 095650 12 3 56 Management Development and Supervision - 050630 Electrical Systems and Power Transmissions - 093440 Recreational Vehicle Service - 094850 Electrical - 095220 33 Electronics and Electrical Technology - 093400 28 Telecommunications Technology - 093430 26 Electronics and Electrical Technology - 093400 23 Sheet Metal and Structural Metal - 095640 Electricians (47-2211) 79 Electrical - 095220 Source: EMSI, MIS, Data Mart, Center of Excellence TOP-CIP-SOC 3 - Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 8

Health Care Current and Projected Employment The top three health care occupations relevant to community colleges with the greatest number of projected annual openings between 2017 and 2022 in Stanislaus County are: registered nurses, 333 annual openings; nursing assistants, 263; and medical assistants, 219 (Exhibit 5). The medical equipment preparers occupation has an annual demand project of 33 workers. Exhibit 5: Health care current and projected employment in Stanislaus County Occupation 2017 Jobs 5-Yr Change 5-Yr % Change Openings Registered Nurses 4,332 505 12% 333 Nursing Assistants 1,642 289 18% 263 Medical Assistants 1,593 176 11% 219 Home Health Aides 473 310 66% 134 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 988 165 17% 94 Dental Assistants 606 58 10% 82 Pharmacy Technicians 622 35 6% 50 Medical Equipment Preparers 246 14 6% 33 Dental Hygienists 413 37 9% 32 Phlebotomists 240 25 10% 30 Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other 314 61 19% 30 Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder 214 25 12% 28 Counselors Pharmacy Aides 164 0 0% 23 Healthcare Support Workers, All Other 152 13 9% 21 Radiologic Technologists 296 20 7% 19 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 240 26 11% 19 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 238 25 11% 18 Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 366-52 -14% 17 Respiratory Therapists 240 14 6% 14 Physical Therapist Aides 94 13 14% 13 Physical Therapist Assistants 79 19 24% 13 Chemical Technicians 114 11 10% 13 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 73 18 25% 12 Surgical Technologists 111 17 15% 11 Opticians, Dispensing 103 17 17% 10 Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 9

Wages Registered nurses have the highest entry-level wage, $36.70/hour, followed by respiratory therapists, $29.51/hour, and dental hygienists, $22.92/hour (Exhibit 6). Five of the occupations are below the Stanislaus County living wage for a single adult, $11.03/hour. Medical equipment preparers have an entry-level wage of $12.86/hour. Exhibit 6: Health care wages in Stanislaus County Occupation Entry-Level Wages Median Hourly Wages Registered Nurses $36.70 $51.78 Respiratory Therapists $29.51 $38.41 Dental Hygienists $22.92 $39.47 Surgical Technologists $20.64 $27.46 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers $16.39 $27.93 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses $16.04 $23.70 Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors $16.01 $26.48 Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other $15.27 $20.70 Healthcare Support Workers, All Other $15.15 $21.64 Radiologic Technologists $15.07 $39.27 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians $14.90 $25.65 Phlebotomists $13.62 $19.14 Physical Therapist Assistants $13.61 $31.52 Medical Equipment Preparers $12.86 $17.52 Medical Assistants $12.56 $16.84 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians $12.30 $18.33 Opticians, Dispensing $12.16 $19.15 Dental Assistants $11.99 $16.76 Chemical Technicians $11.99 $16.52 Pharmacy Technicians $11.84 $16.98 Pharmacy Aides $10.91 $15.41 Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics $10.86 $16.45 Nursing Assistants $10.62 $13.72 Physical Therapist Aides $10.25 $11.79 Home Health Aides $10.13 $11.69 Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 10

Education Levels Although the registered nurses occupation shows a typical education of a bachelor s degree, only an associate degree is required in California. Fifteen of the health care occupations typically require at least a postsecondary nondegree award or an associate degree, and some of the lower-level education occupations require a third-party certification (Exhibit 7). Although medical and clinical laboratory technicians list only an associate degree, currently employers are only hiring applicants who possess a bachelor s degree or higher, according to the region s Deputy Sector Navigator Valerie Fisher. Occupation Exhibit 7: Health care education levels Typical Entry-Level Education Work Experience Required Typical On-The-Job Training Registered Nurses Bachelor's degree None None 42.1% Nursing Assistants Postsecondary nondegree None None 41.7% award Home Health Aides No formal educational None Short-term 41.7% credential Medical Assistants Postsecondary nondegree None None 65.0% award Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses Postsecondary nondegree award None None 74.1% Medical Secretaries or None Moderateterm 47.5% equivalent Dental Assistants Postsecondary nondegree None None 58.3% award Pharmacy Technicians or None Moderateterm 56.4% equivalent Dental Hygienists Associate degree None None 60.8% Medical Records and Health Information Technicians Postsecondary nondegree award None None 54.9% Phlebotomists Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians CPS Postsecondary nondegree None None 61.1% award Associate degree None None 36.2% Radiologic Technologists Associate degree None None 66.1% Opticians, Dispensing or None Long-term 56.1% equivalent Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Bachelor's degree None None 36.2% Healthcare Support Workers, All or None None 38.1% Other equivalent Respiratory Therapists Associate degree None None 69.9% Physical Therapist Aides or None Short-term 70.9% equivalent Physical Therapist Assistants Associate degree None None 70.9% Psychiatric Technicians Postsecondary nondegree award Less than 5 yeas Short-term 56.4% Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 11

Occupation Medical Equipment Preparers Surgical Technologists Typical Entry-Level Education or equivalent Postsecondary nondegree award Work Experience Required None Typical On-The-Job Training Moderateterm CPS 38.1% None None 56.4% Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Associate degree None None 66.1% Chemical Technicians Associate degree None Moderateterm 35.8% Community College Supply Exhibit 8 shows annual job openings and corresponding program titles with student completion data for the health care sector. Exhibit 8: Health care community college supply in Stanislaus County Occupation Registered Nurses (29-1141) Nursing Assistants (31-1014) Home Health Aides (31-1011) Medical Assistants (31-9092) Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses (29-2061) Medical Secretaries (43-6013) Openings (2016-21) Program - TOP6 Degrees 333 Nursing - 123000 Certificates Registered Nursing - 123010 113-263 Health Occupations, General - - 120100 - School Health Clerk - 122400 Nursing - 123000 Certified Nurse Assistant - 123030-98 134 Health Occupations, General 120100 Nursing - 123000 Home Health Aide - 123080 Gerontology - 130900 219 Medical Assisting - 120800 109 157 Clinical Medical Assisting - 120810 94 Nursing - 123000 Licensed Vocational Nursing 3 123020 Medical Office Technology - 051420 22 53 Administrative Medical Assisting - 120820 Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 12

Occupation Openings (2016-21) Program - TOP6 Degrees Certificates Dental Assistants (31-9091) Pharmacy Technicians (29-2052) Dental Hygienists (29-2021) Medical Records and Health Information Technicians (29-2071) Phlebotomists (31-9097) Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians (29-2012) Radiologic Technologists (29-2034) Opticians, Dispensing (29-2081) Healthcare Support Workers, All Other (31-9099) Respiratory Therapists (29-1126) Physical Therapist Aides (31-2022) Physical Therapist Assistants (31-2021) Medical Equipment Preparers (31-9093) Surgical Technologists (29-2055) Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (29-2032) Dental Occupations - 124000 Dental Assistant - 124010 Pharmacy Technology - 122100 50-32 Dental Occupations - 124000 Dental Hygienist - 124020 19 Health Information Technology - 122300 Health Information Coding - 122310-30 Phlebotomy - 120510 18 Biotechnology and Biomedical Technology - 043000 Laboratory Science Technology - 095500 Medical Laboratory Technology - 120500 19 Radiologic Technology - 122500 10 No corresponding programs 21 Health Facility Unit Coordinator - 120830 14 Speech/Language Pathology and Audiology - 122000 Respiratory Care/Therapy - 121000 73-13 No corresponding programs 13 Physical Therapist Assistant - 122200 33 Hospital Central Service Technician - 120900 Surgical Technician - 121700 11 Diagnostic Medical Sonography - 122700 Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 13

Occupation Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other (29-2099) Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors (21-1023) Pharmacy Aides (31-9095) Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics (29-2041) Chemical Technicians (19-4031) Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers (21-1023) Openings (2016-21) Program - TOP6 Source: EMSI, MIS, Data Mart, Center of Excellence TOP-CIP-SOC Degrees Polysomnography - 121100 30 Electro-Neurodiagnostic - 121200 28 Alcohol and Controlled Substances - 210440 4-23 Pharmacy Technology - 122100 17 Emergency Medical Services - 125000 Paramedic - 125100 - Certificates Chemical Technology - 095400 13 Laboratory Science Technology - 095500 Disability Services - 210450 12 Human Services - 210400 23 18 14 Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 14

ICT/Digital Media Current and Projected Employment There are only two ICT/digital media occupations relevant to community colleges: computer user support specialists and network and computer system administrators (Exhibit 9). The occupation of computer user support specialists has the greatest number of projected annual openings, 41, followed by network and computer system administrators, 22. Exhibit 9: ICT/digital media current and projected employment in Stanislaus County Occupation 2017 Jobs 5-Yr Change 5-Yr % Change Openings Computer User Support Specialists 478 34 7% 41 Network and Computer Systems Administrators 304 15 5% 22 Graphic Designers 200 1 1% 19 Computer Systems Analysts 195 25 13% 18 Software Developers, Applications 163 23 14% 15 Computer Programmers 188-4 -2% 11 Wages Computer user support specialists have an entry-level wage of $15.21/hour. The entry-level wage for network and computer systems administrators is $22.44/hour (Exhibit 10). None of the occupations are below the Stanislaus County living wage for a single adult, $11.03/hour. Occupation Exhibit 10: ICT/digital media wages in Stanislaus County Entry-level Wages Median Hourly Wages Software Developers, Applications $25.68 $41.14 Computer Systems Analysts $25.11 $33.90 Network and Computer Systems Administrators $22.44 $38.65 Computer Programmers $19.11 $35.17 Computer User Support Specialists $15.21 $23.37 Graphic Designers $15.19 $20.04 Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 15

Education levels Computer user support specialists have a typical entry-level education of some college (Exhibit 11). Network and computer systems administrators exceed the 33.3% CPS qualification, which means this occupation is relevant to community colleges. Graphic designers fall just short of this marker. Occupation Computer User Support Specialists Exhibit 11: ICT/digital media education levels Typical Entry-Level Education Some college, no degree Work Experience Required Typical On-The Job Training CPS None None 45.2% Network and Computer Systems Bachelor's degree None None 39.5% Administrators Graphic Designers Bachelor's degree None None 30.3% Computer Systems Analysts Bachelor's degree None None 22.7% Software Developers, Applications Bachelor's degree None None Computer Programmers Bachelor's degree None None 22.8% Community College Supply Exhibit 12 shows annual job openings and corresponding program titles with student completion data for the ICT/digital media sector. Exhibit 12: ICT/digital media community college supply in Stanislaus County Occupation Computer User Support Specialists (15-1151) Network and Computer Systems Administrators (15-1142) Openings (2017-22) Program - TOP6 41 Computer Information Systems - 070200 Computer Support - 070820 22 Computer Infrastructure and Support - 070800 Degrees 2 - Certificates Graphic Designers (27-1024) 19 Digital Media - 061400-1 Computer Graphics and Digital Imagery - 061460 9 2 Computer Systems Analyst (15-1121) Applied Design - 100900 - Commercial Art - 101300 - Graphic Art and Design - - 103000 18 Computer Systems Analysis - 070730 Information Technology, General - 070100 Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 16

Occupation Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers (15-1131) Openings (2017-22) Source: EMSI, MIS, Data Mart, Center of Excellence TOP-CIP-SOC Program - TOP6 Computer Information Systems - 070200 Computer Networking - 070810 15 Computer Science (transfer) - 070600 Computer Information Systems - 070200 Computer Programming - 070710 Computer Software Development - 070700 Computer Graphics and Digital Imagery - 061460 Computer Software Development - 070700 Computer Programming - 070710 Health Information Technology - 122300 11 Computer Science (transfer) - 070600 Degrees 2-2 - Certificates - 6 9 2-6 Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 17

APPENDIX A: METHODOLOGY & DATA SOURCES Data Sources Labor market and educational supply data compiled in this report derive from a variety of sources. Data were drawn from external sources, including the Economic Modeling Specialists, Inc., the California Community Colleges Chancellor s Office Management Information Systems Data Mart and the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Below is the summary of the data sources found in this study. Data Type Source Labor Market Economic Modeling Specialists, Intl. (EMSI). EMSI occupational Information/Population employment data are based on final EMSI industry data and final EMSI Estimates and staffing patterns. Wage estimates are based on Occupational Projections/Educational Employment Statistics (QCEW and Non-QCEW Employees classes of Attainment worker) and the American Community Survey (Self-Employed and Extended Proprietors). Occupational wage estimates also affected by county-level EMSI earnings by industry: economicmodeling.com. Living Wage A living wage calculator that estimates the cost of living in a specific community or subregion: livingwage.mit.edu. Typical Education Level and On-the-job Training Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) uses a system to assign categories for entry-level education and typical on-the-job training to each occupation for which BLS publishes projections data: www.bls.gov/emp/ep_education_tech.htm. Labor Force, Employment and Unemployment Estimates Job Posting and Skills Data Additional Education Requirements/ Employer Preferences California Employment Development Department, Labor Market Information Division, labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov Burning Glass, http://www.burning-glass.com/ The O*NET Job Zone database includes over 900 occupations as well as information on skills, abilities, knowledges, work activities and interests associated with specific occupations: www.onetonline.org Key Terms and Concepts Job Openings: openings are calculated by dividing the number of years in the projection period by total job openings. Education Attainment Level: The highest education attainment level of workers age 25 years or older. Employment Estimate: The total number of workers currently employed. Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 18

Employment Projections: Projections of employment are calculated by a proprietary Economic Modeling Specialists, Intl. (EMSI) formula that includes historical employment and economic indicators along with national, state and local trends. Living Wage: The cost of living in a specific community or subregion for one adult and no children. The cost increases with the addition of children. Occupation: An occupation is a grouping of job titles that have a similar set of activities or tasks that employees perform. Percent Change: Rate of growth or decline in the occupation for the projected period; this does not factor in replacement openings. Replacements: Estimate of job openings resulting from workers retiring or otherwise permanently leaving an occupation. Workers entering an occupation often need training. These replacement needs, added to job openings due to growth, may be used to assess the minimum number of workers who will need to be trained for an occupation. Job Openings (New + Replacements): Sum of projected growth (new jobs) and replacement needs. When an occupation is expected to lose jobs or retain the current employment level, number of openings will equal replacements. Typical Education Requirement: represents the typical education level most workers need to enter an occupation. Typical On-The-Job Training: indicates the typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency in the skills needed in the occupation. Wages Family Compositions: The living wage calculator estimates the living wage needed to support families. For single adult families, the adult is assumed to be employed full time. For two adult families where both adults are in the labor force, both adults are assumed to be employed full time. For two adult families where one adult is not in the labor force, one of the adults is assumed to be employed full time while the other non-wage-earning adult provides full-time child care for the family s children. Full-time work is assumed to be year-round, 40 hours per week for 52 weeks, per adult. Families with one child are assumed to have a young child (4 years old). Families with two children are assumed to have a young child and a child (9 years old). Families with three children are assumed to have a young child, a child, and a teenager (15 years old). 2017 California Community Colleges Chancellor s Office, Centers of Excellence, Economic and Workforce Development Program Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 19

APPENDIX B: Other Occupations Exhibit 1 shows other occupations from job postings that indicate a need for cybersecurity and other advanced IT skills. Exhibit 1: Other occupations current and projected employment in Stanislaus County Occupation 2017 5-Yr Change 5-Yr % Change Openings Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, 2,983 157 5% 343 Medical and Executive General and Operations Managers 2,544 163 6% 232 Bookkeeping, Accounting and Auditing Clerks 1,935-7 0% 210 First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative 1,941 122 6% 208 Support Workers Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, 1,410 80 6% 161 Except Technical and Scientific Products Sales Representatives, Services, All Other 790 70 9% 107 First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers 463 6 1% 41 Cost Estimators 331 17 5% 34 Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other 314 61 19% 30 Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, 228 26 11% 28 Except Line Installers Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail and Farm 278 13 5% 25 Products First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial 219 12 5% 25 Workers Industrial Production Managers 294 4 1% 20 Transportation, Storage and Distribution Managers 208 11 5% 17 Human Resources Managers 146 8 5% 13 Logisticians 71 5 7% 7 Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 20

Exhibit 2: Other occupations wages in Stanislaus County Occupation Entry-Level Wages Median Hourly Wages Transportation, Storage and Distribution Managers $30.68 $42.90 Human Resources Managers $28.29 $42.47 Industrial Production Managers $23.86 $38.93 Logisticians $22.03 $43.45 General and Operations Managers $21.11 $40.83 Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail and Farm Products $19.20 $28.16 First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers $16.59 $25.23 Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers $15.74 $24.67 Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other $15.27 $20.70 Cost Estimators $15.10 $26.63 First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers $15.04 $21.55 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products $12.80 $25.42 First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers $12.74 $21.34 Bookkeeping, Accounting and Auditing Clerks $11.88 $18.71 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical and Executive $11.02 $17.03 Sales Representatives, Services, All Other $10.53 $18.45 Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 21

Occupation Exhibit 3: Other occupations education levels Typical Entry-Level Education High school diploma/equivalent Work Experience Required 5 years or more Typical CPS On-The-Job Training None 34.5% First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers Bookkeeping, Accounting and Auditing Clerks Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical and Executive Sales Representatives, Services, All Other High school diploma/equivalent Some college, no degree High school diploma/equivalent High school diploma/equivalent None Transportation, Storage and Distribution Managers Human Resources Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or None 28.7% more Industrial Production Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or None 32.7% more Logisticians Bachelor's degree None None 38.8% General and Operations Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or None 31.7% more Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Bachelor's degree None Long-term 36.5% Retail and Farm Products First-Line Supervisors of Office and High school Less than None 40.8% Administrative Support Workers diploma/equivalent 5 years Telecommunications Equipment Installers Postsecondary None Moderateterm 52.8% and Repairers, Except Line Installers nondegree award Health Technologists and Technicians, All High school None None 45.4% Other diploma/equivalent Cost Estimators Bachelor's degree None None 40.8% First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales High school Less than None 32.2% Workers diploma/equivalent 5 years Sales Representatives, Wholesale and High school None Moderateterm 31.6% Manufacturing, Except Technical and diploma/equivalent Scientific Products Less than 5 years None 35.2% None Moderateterm 48.8% None Short-term 47.5% Moderateterm 34.3% Central Valley/Mother Lode Center of Excellence, August 2017 22