Jochen Pfeifer German Community Pharmacists From Product-Oriented Suppliers to Patient-Oriented Health Care Professionals 2 nd, unrevised edition Nomos
Jochen Pfeifer German Community Pharmacists From Product-Oriented Suppliers to Patient-Oriented Health Care Professionals 2 nd, unrevised edition Nomos
Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de a.t.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 2014 Original title: Advancing the professionalization of German community pharmacists and creating a new mission statement using select international best practice standards ISBN 978-3-8487-1740-8 (Print) 978-3-8452-6087-7 (epdf) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-3-8487-1740-8 (Print) 978-3-8452-6087-7 (epdf) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pfeifer, Jochen German Community Pharmacists From Product-Oriented Suppliers to Patient-Oriented Health Care Professionals Jochen Pfeifer 146 p. Includes bibliographic references. ISBN 978-3-8487-1740-8 (Print) 978-3-8452-6087-7 (epdf) 2 nd, unrevised edition 2015 Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, Germany 2015. Printed and bound in Germany. This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, re-cording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Under 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is payable to Verwertungs gesellschaft Wort, Munich. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Nomos or the author.
List of Abbreviations 13 Summary 15 1. Professional Status of German community pharmacists 17 2. Community Pharmacists in Germany: History and Challenges 21 2.1 History 21 2.2 Overview 23 2.3 Differences between Pharmaceutical Advice and Pharmaceutical Care 25 2.3.1 Introduction 25 2.3.2 Pharmaceutical advice 27 2.3.3 Pharmaceutical care 30 2.3.4 Evidence based approaches 33 2.4 Selective care projects in Germany 34 2.4.1 Geriatric Pharmacy 34 2.4.2 Pharmacist-led intervention to improve inhalation technique in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients 35 3. Relevance of Foucault s work to pharmacy practice 37 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Foucault s Birth of the Clinic 38 3.3 Power and knowledge 40 3.4 Pharmacists taking control over patients 43 3.5 Patients exercising power and control 44 3.6 Discussion 47 9
4. German community pharmacists social authority and professionalization 4.1 Introduction 49 4.2 Abraham Flexner: Physician thinks, pharmacist obeys 50 4.3 The trait approach 51 4.4 Impure Status of community pharmacists 52 4.5 Mystique of community pharmacists role 53 4.6 Talcott Parsons concept of the sick role 54 4.7 Community pharmacists professionalization and the U.S. Supreme Court 4.8 Norman Denzin s incomplete professionalization 57 4.8.1 Introduction 57 4.8.2 Control over social objects by community pharmacists in 2013 58 4.8.3 Over-qualification of pharmacists 59 4.8.4 Full autonomous control over prescription drugs 61 4.8.5 Full autonomous control over OTC medication 62 4.9 Social positioning of community pharmacists 65 4.10 Psychological reactance 66 4.11 Discussion 67 49 56 5. Quality of pharmacy practice 73 5.1 Introduction 73 5.2 Definition 73 5.3 Donabedian s model of evaluating community pharmacists quality 5.4 FIP s and WHO s Quality standards 75 5.4.1 Distribution 75 5.4.2 Assessment of patient health status and needs 76 5.4.3 Management of medication therapy 76 5.4.4 Educating prescribers 76 5.4.5 Monitoring of patients outcomes 77 5.4.6 Providing information on health related issues 77 74 10
5.5 The Seven-Star-Pharmacist concept of the United Nations 77 6. Implementation of international best practice elements 79 6.1 Definition of Best practice 79 6.2 Implementation process 80 6.3 Education 80 6.3.1 Germany 81 6.3.2 U.S.A. 83 6.3.3 Australia 84 6.3.4 France 85 6.3.5 United Kingdom 86 6.3.6 Discussion 86 6.4 Essential community pharmacy services 89 6.5 Advanced services 90 6.5.1 Medication Therapy Management (MTM) 90 6.5.2 Consulting Pharmacists 93 6.5.3 Collaborative pharmacy practice including prescribing rights for the community pharmacist 95 6.5.4 Patient Centered Medical Home 99 6.5.5 Implementation of advanced services into German community pharmacies 101 6.5.6 New forms of payment 104 7. The International Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience of the University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, in a German community pharmacy 109 8. Implementation of advanced pharmacy services into German community pharmacy according to the recommendations of the ADVISORY COUNCIL on the Assessment of Developments in the Health Care System 113 8.1 Introduction 113 8.2 New forms of direct patient care 114 8.3 Practice Management 116 8.4 Implementation in German community pharmacies using the concept of Diffusion of innovation 118 11
8.5 Discussion 120 9. Proposal: Mission Statement for German pharmacists 123 9.1 Introduction of a mission statement 123 9.2 Proposition of a new mission statement 124 10 Outlook 127 Bibliography 133 12