Slide 1 Chapter 17 The Civil War Slide 2 The Start of the Civil War Everyone thought that it would be a short & quick war At first, 8 slave states stayed in the Union By the end, only 4 slave states stayed Part of Virginia stayed which became West Virginia Many of these border states produced a lot of food Delaware Maryland Kentucky Missouri (later W.Va.) Slide 3 West Virginia/Virginia Slide 4 The Generals at the beginning of the War Lincoln originally asked General Robert E. Lee to command the Union Lee said if Virginia stays with the North, he would as well Lincoln then asked General George McClellan A good organizer & military trainer A very cautious commander
Slide 5 Strengths & Weaknesses North Strengths 22 million people vs. South s 6 million free & 3 million slaves 90% of nation s manufactured goods 70% of the railroads Large navy & many merchant ships South Strengths Military leaders Fighting on home ground Fighting for their beliefs Food Slide 6 Strategy for Winning the War South Fight a defensive war until the North gets tired & quits North had a few key points Use navy to blockade Southern ports Capture Richmond, VA Government was new & weak this would cause more confusion Control the Mississippi River & divide the Southern States Slide 7 Battle of Bull Run/Manassas July 21 st, 1861, Union troops head south from Washington D.C. to capture Richmond Only 100 miles difference between the two At first the South starts to crumble General Thomas Jackson stood firm like a Stonewall Everyone rallied behind him The North crumbled and ran Many bystanders had to flee Slide 8 Battle of Bull Run/Manassas Wilmer McLean s House
Slide 9 Civil War Weapons Slide 10 Weapons Slide 11 Naval Battles North controlled the Southern seaports with ease The South needed something strong to break the blockades They took an old abandoned warship called the Merrimack and put more armor on it and then called it the Virginia It destroyed 2 Union ships & drove 3 aground The Union sent the Monitor to fight it Neither side could win 2 months later, the South sunk the Virginia because they were afraid of the North getting it after they captured Norfolk, VA Slide 12 The CSS Virginia Formerly known as the USS Merrimac
Slide 13 Battle of Antietam 23,000 soldiers killed in one day In the South, they call it the Battle of Sharpsburg Sept, 1862, Lee went on the offensive He figured a Confederate victory on Union soil would hurt Union morale A Union soldier found a careless general s battle plans McClellan was slow to act Neither side won But, the North counts it as a victory because the South had to retreat Lincoln s appoints General Ambrose Burnside to replace McClellan Lincoln saw this victory as an opportunity to emancipate free the slaves called the Emancipation Proclamation Slide 14 Two Victories for the Confederates Battle of Fredericksburg Union armies set out again to take Richmond Lee had dug in at the top of a hill Mowed down Union army One of the worst Union defeats Battle of Chancellorsville Stonewall Jackson & Lee outmaneuvered the Union army However, Jackson got killed by friendly fire Slide 15 Union Victories in the West Union led by General Ulysses S. Grant & William T. Sherman in the West 65,000 Union soldiers vs. 44,000 Confederate 24,000 killed Goal to gain control of the Mississippi River The city of Shiloh was an important step to achieving that The Battle of Shiloh One of the bloodiest battles of the war Slide 16 Battle of Vicksburg After the Battle of Shiloh, it made it easier to take the Mississippi River Vicksburg was the key spot It sat on a cliff that overlooked the Mississippi River Grant fought it for 6 weeks Then Grant came up with a brilliant plan Take the city of Jackson & attack from land The city finally fell & so did control of the Mississippi River
Slide 17 African American Contributions By 1863, the Union allowed blacks to fight in the War 54 th Massachusetts Regiment Led by Robert Gould Shaw Attack on Fort Wagner in Charleston, SC Nearly half of the regiment died in this battle The most decorated military unit in U.S. History Black soldiers got nicknamed Buffalo Soldiers Slide 18 Battle of Gettysburg Lee wanted to capture Washington D.C. by going around and coming in from the north He hoped to take the Yankees by surprise General George Meade s army ran into Lee in a small town called Gettysburg, PA Both sent in for reinforcements Many showed up Turned into a 3 day war Meade kept the high ground Lee tried to go around each side of the line No luck 20 th Maine lead by Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain held the flank Many casualties Slide 19 Battle of Gettysburg Lee sent General Pickett s army right up the middle up a steep hill Lee felt he could divide the Union in half & destroy the Union Became known as Pickett s Charge Big gamble Back fired The turning point of the Civil War The South went downhill from here & would never rise again 50,000 soldiers killed at Gettysburg The North held a special ceremony for Gettysburg Many hours of speeches Lincoln gave a 2½ minute speech called the Gettysburg Address Slide 20 Lincoln vs McClellan Lincoln gets re-elected in 1864 General George McClellan ran against him McClellan promises a quick end to the war He would negotiate with the South and find a good compromise
Slide 21 Ending of the War Lincoln appoints General Ulysses S. Grant to be the man in Command Grant believed in Total War Destroy everything He used the North s #1 resource Lots of soldiers Many causalities General William T. Sherman marched through the south destroying everything Sherman s March Burns Atlanta to the ground Many battles happened and many killed Grant keeps pushing on toward Richmond April 2, 1865, Richmond falls Lee & his men flee to a little city called Appomattox Court House April 9 th 1865, Lee is surrounded and surrenders Slide 22 Battle of Petersburg Slide 23 Appomattox/Appomattox Courthouse Wilmer McLean s House Slide 24 Ending of the War Power of the Federal government grew No state can just leave Over 360,000 Union soldiers killed Over 250,000 Confederate soldiers killed Over 2 million dead from all causes of the Civil War Many soldiers died from being wounded Hospitals were terrible Didn t sterilize equipment
Slide 25 Post Civil War 5 days after Lee surrendered, Lincoln went to a play in the Ford Theater John Wilkes Booth slipped into Lincoln s booth & shot him This happened on Good Friday Booth was an actor from the south Lincoln died the next morning Booth was killed in a barn a couple of weeks later Slide 26 Ford s Theater Slide 27 Ford Theater Slide 28 Lincoln s Death