Nursing Department Instructor: Class: Web CT component: Nursing 2121- Section 1 Professional Growth II: The Nursing Profession Course Outline Martie Getz, RN, BSN, MSN (c) Office: B 153a Tel: 604 323-5803 Email: mgetz@lanagara.bc.ca Fridays 12:30-14:30 B010 2 hours weekly 1
Nursing Department PROFESSIONAL GROWTH II: THE NURSING PROFESSION Course Description This course builds on the philosophy and concepts examined in Professional Growth I as well as examining and exploring the professional practice of nursing. Emphasis is placed on standards for practice and the role of nurse as educator and advocate. Ends-In-View This course provides opportunities to explore nursing as a profession, including professional rights and responsibilities, and their legal and ethical parameters. It promotes participants understanding of the purpose and function of professional nursing associations and organizations, particularly in relation to the maintenance and improvement of standards of care. Participants have opportunities to begin to explore and examine their role as health educators and health counselors with individuals and families in a variety of contexts. Process Learning activities provide participants with opportunities to examine the nursing profession and the inherent rights and responsibilities of its members. Emphasis is placed on the standards of practice and the roles, knowledge, and skills of nurses as educators and advocates. Participants actively engage in professional and health education activities for individuals and/or families. These activities encourage participants to reflect on their personal meanings and ways of being as professional, teacher, and learner. Resources include: Canadian Nurses Association publications (www.cna-nurses.ca) College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia publications (www.crnbc.bc.ca) Other websites including www.bcnu.org; www.icn.ch; canadian-healthnetwork.ca; www.clpnbc.org. Guest speakers, videos, selected readings. 2
Nursing Department Required Textbooks: Overview McIntyre, M. & Thomlinson, E. (2006). Realities of Canadian nursing: Professional, practice, and power issues (2 nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Bastable, S. (2003). Nurse as educator: Principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice (2 nd ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. American Psychological Association (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5 th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. This course is organized around the philosophical foundations of the curriculum and reflects the following concepts: Nursing organizations: professional associations; nursing unions, etc. Professionalism: Code of Ethics; legal statutes governing nursing practice; standards of practice and ethical issues; rights and responsibilities, which include evaluation, support, assertiveness, advocacy, confidentiality. Education: life-long learning; credentialing; continuing competence; professional development. Issues of quality improvement: continuous quality improvement; quality assurance. Power structures; hegemony; empowerment. Caring for self and each other as nurses; quality of work life; humor; workplace safety. Introduction to violence, abuse, and vulnerability in care-giving roles in the workplace. Teaching and learning individuals and families across the life span and associated theoretical perspectives; personal meaning (e.g. readiness to learn, health beliefs, etc.), awareness and sensitivity to learning needs and styles, teaching/learning strategies, critical thinking. 3
Nursing Department Criteria for Evaluation Evaluation Criteria Value Teaching Plan Assignment 20 % Quiz # 1 20 % Quiz # 2 20 % Final Exam 20 % WebCT 20 % Total 100 % The course involves 2 hours of class work each week and 2 hours of WebCT work. Your work on WebCT for each week must be completed by Thursdays at 1800 hours. Please see the end of each week in the syllabus for the weekly Web CT activities. These activities are also summed up in the last several pages of this syllabus. Quizzes and Final Exam (20 marks each) The quizzes and the final exam will consist of 25-30 multiple-choice questions. Each quiz will be based on course content covered up to the day of the quiz. The final exam will be based mostly on material covered after the last quiz and up to the day of the exam. There will be a few questions (approximately 10%) of the final that is representative of content covered from the entire course. The quizzes and the final exam will cover WebCT content, as well as readings and handouts. ***Missed quizzes or exams due to absence will result in a grade of zero.*** The Teaching Plan Assignment (20 marks) Due: March 23, 2007 You will work in groups of 5-6 to develop and implement a teaching plan to educate a new nurse (new graduate or someone entering into the practice area for the first time) about a specific topic and/or related skill that is required for practice in a specialty area of nursing. You must submit a detailed hard copy of your teaching plan and the references utilized to research your selected topic. ***Failure to participate in the group aspect of this assignment will result in a grade of zero.*** Your group will implement the plan and teach your classmates or one or more of the group members. Each group member will receive the same mark. The following steps are involved in this assignment: 1. Form your group. Groups should consist of no more that 5-6 members. Submit group members names and specialty area of practice to instructor no later than February 23, 2007. 4
Nursing Department 2. Choose the specialty area of practice that your group wishes to learn about. Please note that this must be an area for which certification exists in Canada. Refer to the CNA web site for information concerning certification. In choosing your specialty area of practice. Please be clear. This must be an area of nursing practice that requires certification in Canada. Specifically, go to the CNA Website to find out which specialty areas exist that require certification. Choose one of these areas as the focus for the teaching plan and clearly identify what the specialty area is in your written work. http://www.cnanurses.ca/cna/documents/pdf/publications/certification_brochur e_2007_e. pdf http://www.cnanurses.ca/cna/nursing/certification/specialties/default_e.aspx 3. Once you choose your specialty area, you will want to follow the link for that certification program to view the certification exam list of competencies. This will give you concrete information regarding what is expected level of knowledge and skills for each nursing specialty. From here you can choose a competency/skill/piece of required information that will work in a teaching plan format like the one we reviewed in Bastable p. 342. 4. Determine the special knowledge and skills a nurse requires to work in this area of practice. This will involve research about the area of practice and might also involve interviewing someone currently working in that area of practice. 5. Decide what your group will teach. Choosing only one thing to teach will help you to focus your plan. Explain why this skill or knowledge is necessary to practice in the specialty area. 6. Develop a teaching plan. Use the information in the Nurse as Educator textbook to help you with this part of the assignment (chapters 4, 10, 11, 12, 14 and 15). You must decide whom the learner(s) is/are --- will the rest of the class participate as the learner or will one or more of the group members be the learner(s) and the class will observe the teaching? Organize your plan according to the table on page 342 of the text. 7. Teach!!! (The time limit for the teaching session is 20 minutes.) 8. The written work that needs to be handed in includes: a. your teaching plan (in the format of the chart on page 342 of Bastable). b. a 2-3 page document that outlines what the specialty area of practice is, the purpose of your teaching plan, why nurses in the specialty area require the skill or knowledge that your plan addresses, the learning goal and the behavioral objectives. You will want to discuss why you 5
Nursing Department chose your teaching strategies (refer to Kolb s learning styles). Include a bibliography. Include all sources on it that you utilized to formulate your plan (even if you have not quoted from these directly). Although you do not need to adhere to a strict APA format, please adhere to its general guidelines for clarity and ease in reading. Remember to reference appropriately when discussing Kolb. Teaching Plan breakdown of marks (Presentation and Written work=20 marks): Presentation - was the content clearly presented? (2 marks); was the presentation interesting? (2 marks); did the group stay within 20 minutes time allotment? (1 mark) PRESENTATION TOTAL = 5 marks Written Work- specialty practice area requires certification in Canada and is clearly defined (1 mark); purpose of teaching plan (1 mark) - this includes why nurses in this area require the skill or knowledge your plan addresses; learning goal (1 mark); behavioral objectives (3 marks) - These will identify learner activities. Make sure each objective addresses all the correct components of the teaching plan identified (see page 342) in your text, which include content outline (2 marks), method of instruction (2.5 marks) - Be sure to include a rationale for why each strategy was chosen, using Kolb s learning styles on pp. 105-108, time allotted (.5 mark), resources (2 mark), method of evaluation (1 mark). Include a reference list (1 mark). WRITTEN WORK TOTAL = 15 marks 6
Nursing Department WebCT (20 marks) The instructor will assign each student a mark for participation in Web CT according to the following criteria: (10 marks assigned at the midterm and 10 marks at the final) Criterion Exemplary Acceptable Undeveloped Insightfulness Posting demonstrates thorough understanding of the topic, incorporates knowledge from readings and lectures. Offers new resources, Posting shows some understanding of topic though perhaps imperfect or superficial at times. Posting demonstrates lack of understanding or predominate superficiality. Lack of references when referring to class resources/texts/articles. references, websites to support ideas and discussion. References stem from class resources. Organization Posting contains a logical progression of ideas with good transitions between points. Posting contains logical progression of ideas; may have some rough transitions Posting jumps from idea to idea without clear purpose or direction. Postings do not add to the advancement of the discussion (ie-posts such as good point or I agree ) Clarity of Communication Posting reflects consistently thoughtful word choices with clearly Posting may have infrequent lapses in word choice or clarity of meaning Numerous poorlychosen words or improper use of terms that obscure meaning. worded sentences and paragraphs Writing Mechanics Grammar and punctuation uniformly conform to Occasional grammar and/or punctuation errors Numerous grammar and/or punctuation errors standards of scholarly writing Quantity of Posts Greater than 2 postings per weekfrequent ongoing posts to further development and flow of discussion 2 postings per week, spaced out so as to contribute to the ongoing discussion at different points in the week. Less than 2 per week. 7
Nursing Department Class Schedule and Content: January-April 2007 Fridays 12:30-14:30 B010 Week Section Date Topics 1 Section 1 (q Fridays) Jan 12 Introductions, overview of class content, criteria for evaluation, etc. Introduction to Teaching and Learning Theoretical perspectives in Teaching/Learning 2 Section 1 Jan 19 Determinants of Learning Learner Motivation Compliance 3 Section 1 Jan 26 Health Behaviors Literacy Levels Review for quiz 4 Section 1 Feb 2 Quiz #1 (20%) 1 hour Gender, Socioeconomic, and Cultural Attributes of the Learner 5 Section 1 Feb 9 Instructional Methods and Materials Writing Behavioral Objectives 6 Section 1 Feb 16 Teaching Plans Evaluation of teaching/learning Nursing Organizations 7 Section 1 Feb 23 NO CLASS Spring Break 8 Section 1 Mar 2 Standards for Practice Health Professions Act 9 Section 1 Mar 9 Quiz # 2 (20%) 1 hour Legal and Ethical Issues Violence 10 Section 1 Mar 16 Politics, Power, and Policy Introduction to Quality Improvement Life Long Learning Credentialing; Competency; Certification 11 Section 1 Mar 23 Teaching Plan Presentations Teaching Plan written work due 12 Section 1 Mar 30 Teaching Plan Presentations Caring for Self and Each Other as Nurses, Power Structures, and Empowerment Wrap-Up 13 Section 1 Apr 6 Good Friday NO CLASS Final Exam to be scheduled during exam period 8
Nursing Department Week 1 Concept: Introduction to Teaching and Learning The CNP curriculum is defined as the interactions that take place between and among students, clients, practitioners, and faculty with the intent that learning takes place. To this end the curriculum is based on Bevis and Watson s (1989) conceptualization of a caring curriculum of nursing. That view of curriculum places major emphasis on the quality of relationships in an education program, rather than on the course of studies, behavioral objectives, threads, or themes that many nursing education programs stress. The relationships students have with others are varied, such as those with clients, the practitioners they work with, their peers, and their teachers. Teachers are seen as expert learners working with students in partnership in empowering ways, drawing on student experience and on theory of various kinds to develop the content to be learned. Students, practitioners, faculty, and clients are equally valued as partners in the learning process in the Collaborative Curriculum. Learning is a reformulation of the meaning of experiences and leads to changes in attitudes, feelings, and responses. Learning is critically affected by the learner s concept of self, which is itself learned. The self concept is enhanced when learners have a need to know, when they perceive learning as relevant and meaningful, and when they believe they have a chance of success. It is further enhanced when the learner s past and present experiences are acknowledged, respected, and reflected upon. When learners share the responsibility for identifying their learning needs, and planning and evaluating their learning experiences, their selfconfidence increases and they become increasingly self-directed. Learners learn best when they feel cared for and challenged, and when they experience success. (Collaborative Nursing Program in British Columbia. Collaborative curriculum guide, Sept. 2002). Establish ground-rules that will allow you to create an environment conducive to teaching and learning. Investigate the concepts of teacher and learner. Identify the purpose, benefits, and goals of patient and staff education. Compare and contrast the education process to the nursing process. Understand why patient and staff education is important function for nurses. Identify barriers to education and obstacles to learning. Explore your own personal philosophy of teaching and learning Review selected ethical principles, Acts regulating nursing practice, and implications for nursing practice and education. 9
Nursing Department Reflect on environmental factors that you find most conducive to learning and be prepared to establish group ground rules to facilitate your learning. Reflect on your past experiences with teaching and learning to identify barriers as well as the purpose, benefits, and goals of education. Read: Bastable, S. (2003). Nurse as educator: principles of teaching and earning for nursing practice. (2 nd. ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Chapter 1. Review: Collaborative Nursing Program of British Columbia (2002, March). Collaborative curriculum guide (Revised). Victoria: Author. Gather in small groups of 3 or 4 and discuss the elements that you feel are important to the establishment of an environment for learning. Some qualities your might want to consider include: In what type of environment do I learn best? What helps me to feel comfortable to share my ideas? What helps me to feel comfortable to share my ideas? How may I help others to share their ideas? What things distract me from learning? All discussion groups will have an opportunity to present a synopsis of their dialogue to the rest of the class. Based on our discussion, suggest some ground rules for our community of learning. Share with your group a personal experience involving your learning. Identify significant people and events involved. What in this experience stands out for you either in a positive or negative way? Identify your thoughts, feelings and actions at the time. What do you think the thoughts; feelings and actions were of the other involved individuals? Be as descriptive as possible. When you have completed your description, share the experience with one other person in the class. REFLECTION What role do we each play in creating an environment for learning? Can we learn in isolation or is a community of leaning essential for learning to occur? How do the concepts discussed in class inform your practice as a nurse-teacher? Are there rules about successful teaching and learning? How does the concept of caring relate to teaching and learning? What do you believe about what is needed to learn or how people learn? How can we overcome barriers and obstacles to education and learning? 10
Nursing Department Concept: Theories of Learning A major focus of this course is that you learn to assess the specific learning needs of an individual and family in a specific context, set ends-in-view for learning, plan and implement specific teaching-learning strategies and evaluate the effectiveness of your session. Before you begin this process, it is important to have an understanding of the various theories and philosophies of learning and how they influence the learning process. Critical thinking skills are an essential prerequisite to both examining the philosophical perspectives and to carrying out the teaching-learning process. Identify accepted learning theories and their principal constructs. Identify similarities and differences in selected learning theories. Identify appropriate teaching/learning situations where specific theories could be utilized. Actively utilize critical thinking skills in class while examining various philosophies and theories underlying teaching and learning Examine how one s philosophy gives direction to the selection of learning ends-inview, teaching and evaluation methods. : Reflect on your own personal philosophy of teaching and learning. Read: Bastable, S. (2003). Nurse as educator: principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice. (2 nd. ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Chapter 3. Read: Mann, K. (2004). The role of educational theory in continuing medical education: Has it helped us?. The Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 24, S22-S30. (will be handed out in class) Read: Harrelson, G. & Leaver-Dunn, D. (2002). Using the experiential learning cycle in clinical instruction. Athletic Therapy Today, September, 23-27. (will be handed out in class) Reflect on your past experiences with teaching and learning. Did learning occur? If so, why? If not, why not? : Through discussion, we will explore the relevance of different learning theories to specific learners (e.g. individual patients) or groups of learners (e.g. family members) and their needs. We will apply specific learning theories to examples of clinical teaching. 11
Nursing Department WEBCT: 1. In your discussion group, discuss which theory of learning makes most sense to you and why. 2. In preparation for next week s work concerning motivation and compliance, work in your discussion groups to develop a definition of each of these two concepts. Develop your definitions before doing the reading for class. Week 2 Concept: Determinants of Learning Nurses are required to teach individuals and groups in a variety of settings. Often, the nurse will face challenges such as lack of time due to shortened lengths of stay. Individuals are at different levels of readiness to receive and process information into something meaningful for them. Nurses may facilitate the process of learning by being sensitive and understanding of the context of individuals/groups and personal perceptions of their learning. Nurses must assess clients to ascertain what determines how well a person learns. You can lead a horse to water, but you can t make him drink. Identify what comprises the determinants of learning. Know the steps involved and identify methods to be used in the assessment of learner needs. Explore the four types of readiness to learn and related factors to be assessed. Explore the meaning of learning styles and how to assess individual styles. Explore the process of assessing learner needs and discuss some specific assessment strategies. Examine the importance of learner-centered needs and/or the nurse-educator s role in facilitating motivation to learn. Read: Bastable, S. (2003). Nurse as educator: principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice. (2 nd. ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Chapter 4. McDonough, J. & Osterbrink, J. (2005). Learning styles: An issue in clinical education?. AANA Journal, 73(2), 89-93. (will be handed out in class) 12
Nursing Department In class you will have a short lecture on the determinants of learning. Then you will critique a teaching plan and develop your own plan in a small group to teach something. You must include strategies to meet the needs of all the learning styles identified by Kolb. WEBCT Reflect on recent client teaching you have done. Did you thoroughly assess learner needs or did you make the decision on what the individual needed to learn? Was the outcome successful? Would you do anything differently next time? Concept: Motivation, Compliance (Week 2), and Health Behaviors (Week 3) Knowledge alone does not guarantee that the learner will engage in health-promoting behaviors, nor that the desired outcomes will be achieved. The most well-thought-out educational program or plan of care will not achieve the prescribed goals if the learner is not understood in the context of complex factors associated with motivation and compliance. A thorough understanding of the relationship between the reception of information and the application of information, as well as those factors that impede or promote desired health outcomes, is essential for the nurse as educator. (Bastable, 2003) Understand the meaning and theoretic foundations of motivation, compliance, and adherence in relation to behaviors of the learner. Identify incentives and obstacles to motivation to learn. Discuss axioms of motivation relevant to learning. Be able to assess levels of learner motivation. Identify strategies to promote motivation and improve compliance. Be able to identify the components of the Health Belief Model Read: Week 2- Bastable, S. (2003). Nurse as educator: principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice. (2 nd. ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Chapter 6. Week 3- Sedlak, C., Doheny, M, & Jones, S. (2000). Osteoporosis education programs: Knowledge and behaviors, Public Health Nursing, 17(5). 398-402. (will be handed out in class) 13
Nursing Department In class we will explore the concepts of motivation and compliance as they relate to individuals and to families and review a selected health behavior framework and how it influences learning WEBCT Reflect on your past experiences with clients. Consider those who have shown motivation to learn and have complied with treatment regimes. Consider those who have not. How were these clients different? What were the incentives and obstacles to learning? What strategies could be used to motivate those who were non-compliant? How would you feel if a nurse called you noncompliant? In preparation for our classroom work concerning literacy, in your discussion groups develop a list of your beliefs about people with literacy problems. Week 3 Concept: Literacy in the Adult Population An essential prerequisite to implementing patient education programs is knowing a person s literacy skills. (Bastable, 2003) Patients are expected to assume greater responsibility for self-care and health promotion, yet this expanded role depends on increased knowledge and skill. If patients with low literacy abilities cannot fully benefit from the type and amount of information they are typically given, then they cannot be expected to maintain health and manage independently. The result is a significant negative impact on the cost of health care and the quality of life. (Brez & Tayfor, 1997; Brownson, 1998; Fisher, 1999). Understand the terms literacy, illiteracy, health literacy, low literacy, functional illiteracy, reading, readability, comprehension, and numeracy. Identify those at risk for having difficulty with reading and comprehension of written and oral language. Discuss common myths and assumptions about the illiterate person. Identify clues that are indicators of reading and writing deficiencies. Assess the impact of illiteracy and low literacy on patient motivation and compliance with healthcare regimens. Utilize specific formulas and tests to determine readability and comprehension levels 14
Nursing Department of printed materials. Identify teaching strategies useful in educating clients with low literacy skills. Read: Bastable, S. (2003). Nurse as educator: principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice. (2 nd. ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Chapter 7. Today we will examine the impact of literacy issues on healthcare by reviewing several studies. We will also review a selection of Patient Education Materials (PEMS) commonly distributed to clients in various healthcare settings (e.g., hospitals, physicians offices, clinics, home care agencies). The class will be divided into groups to review a different PEM for each group. Each group will share their findings with the class and draw conclusions about the appropriateness of these tools for patient education. WEB CT There will be no discussion week to facilitate studying for quiz 1. You may choose to study online in your discussion groups if you desire. In the past students have divided up the content and readings and posted study notes for the group members. Week 4 Concept: Gender, Socioeconomics, and Culture Understanding diversity, particularly those variations among learners related gender, socioeconomics, and culture, is of major importance when designing and implementing education programs to meet the needs of an increasingly unique population of learners. (Bastable, 2003) Identify gender-related differences in learners based on social and hereditary influences on brain functioning, cognitive abilities, and personality characteristics. Recognize the influence of socioeconomics in determining health status and health behaviors. Become familiar with terms associated with diversity Explore ways to prepare practitioners to function in a culturally sensitive manner and 15
Nursing Department to be able to do cultural assessments. Explore beliefs and customs of selected cultural groups and identify appropriate teaching strategies for these groups. Become familiar with transcultural nursing and how it can help in meeting the learning needs of various ethnic groups. Identify the meaning of stereotyping, associated risks, and how to avoid this behavior. Read: Bastable, S. (2003). Nurse as educator: principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice. (2 nd. ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Chapter 8. We will apply gender, socioeconomic status, and culture to the city of Vancouver and look at a model of cultural assessment. WEBCT Reflect on your past experiences with clients from various ethnic backgrounds. Think about their learning needs. What teaching strategies were used and were they effective? Week 5 Concept: Instructional Methods Instructional methods are the techniques or approaches the teacher uses to bring the learner into contact with the content to be learned. Methods are a way, an approach, or a process to communicate information. (Bastable, 2003) Review various types of instructional methods and identify their uses. Identify strengths and limitations of selected methods. Discuss variables that influence the selection of a method. Recognize strategies to enhance teaching effectiveness. Know how to evaluate the methods used. 16
Nursing Department Read: Bastable, S. (2003). Nurse as educator: principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice. (2 nd. ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Chapter 11. Krouse, H. (2001). Video modelling to educate patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 33(6), 748-757. (will be handed out in class). In class we will review a variety of traditional and nontraditional instructional methods. WEBCT Reflect on your past experiences as a learner. Identify and discuss your preferred instructional method. Concept: Instructional Materials Instructional materials are tangible objects that provide the audio/visual objects to enhance learning. Many can be manipulated. Good instructional materials can stimulate a learner s sense and may have the power to arouse emotions. They can also help the nurse educator make sense of abstract ideas and simplify complex messages. Babcock, D E. & Miller, M.A. (1994). Client education: theory and practice. St. Lois: Mosby-Year Book Identify major variables to be considered when selecting, developing, and evaluating instructional materials. Identify three components of instructional materials required to effectively communicate educational messages. Identify audiovisual tools available for patient education. Describe guidelines for the development of printed materials. Identify advantages and disadvantages of selected instructional medium. Determine which types of media are suitable for use with different learners. 17
Nursing Department Read: Bastable, S. (2003). Nurse as educator: principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice. (2 nd. ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Chapter 12. In class we will briefly look at the various types of instructional materials and will then review general principles related to the use of these materials. WEBCT Reflect on your experiences as a learner. Which instructional materials do you find most useful and why? Concept: Writing Behavioural Objectives (Week 5) and Teaching Plans (Week 6) Before a decision can be made about selecting the content to be taught or choosing the instructional methods and materials to be used to change learner behavior, the educator must first decide what the learner is expected to accomplish. Client needs are determined by identifying the gaps in the learner s knowledge, attitudes, or skills. Identification of needs is a prerequisite to formulating behavioral objectives that serve to guide subsequent planning, implementation, and evaluation of teaching and learning. (Bastable, 2003) Understand the differences between goals and objectives. Write clearly stated objectives Explore the three domains of learning. Identify instructional methods appropriate for teaching in each domain. Discuss the importance of learning contracts. Recognize the role of the nurse educator in formulating objectives for planning, implementing, and evaluating teaching and learning. Read: Bastable, S. (2003). Nurse as educator: principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice. (2 nd. ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Chapter 10. 18
Nursing Department In class we will develop our own objectives and a teaching plan to address one of them. WEBCT Do you think behavioral objectives are useful? Why or why not? Week 6 Concept: Teaching Plans (See content from Week 5) Concept: Evaluation in Healthcare Education Evaluation is defined as a systematic process by which the worth of value of something in this case, teaching and learning is judged. Early consideration of evaluation has never been more critical than in today s healthcare environment. (Bastable, 2003) Understand the differences between evaluation and assessment. Know the purposes of evaluation. Distinguish between process, content, outcome, impact, and program evaluation. Explore various models of evaluation. Explore similarities and differences between evaluation and research. Identify barriers to evaluation. Examine methods for conducting an evaluation. Identify appropriate instruments for evaluative data. Identify ways to report results of evaluations. Read: Bastable, S. (2003). Nurse as educator: principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice. (2 nd. ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Chapter 15. London, F. (2004). How to prepare families for discharge in the limited time available. Pediatric Nursing, 30(3), 212-214, 227. (will be handed out in class) Goetti, K., & Keast, D. (2005). Foot care for persons with type 2 diabetes: Can a teaching video improve compliance? Wound Care in Canada, 3(2), 20-26. 19
Nursing Department In class we will review the differences between assessment and evaluation and look at an example of 2 different types of evaluation in action. WEB CT In preparation for Week 8- What are the professional standards, practice standards, and the scope of practice standards and how do these differ? (Hint- the preparation/readings for Week 8 will assist you to fully answer this question). Week 7 No Class-Spring Break WEBCT What legislation governed registered nursing practice prior to the enactment of the health professions act? How are these two pieces of legislation different? What do you think is the most significant implication of the Health Professions Act for nurses? (Hint- the preparation/readings for Week 8 will assist you to fully answer this question). Week 8 Concept: Standards for Nursing Practice "Standards are authoritative statements by which the nursing profession describes the responsibilities for which practitioners are accountable. (ANA, 1998) They provide boundaries for practice and describe a level of care, values and priorities that are common to the nursing profession and to specialty areas of nursing practice. Describe the process used by the college of nursing to address practice issues. Differentiate between the professional standards, practice standards, and scope of practice standards. Visit the CRNBC Website (www.crnbc.ca) and explore professional standards, practice standards, and scope of practice standards. Under CRNBC Publications review Tools for Resolving Professional Practice problems (2006) 20
Nursing Department Concept: Health Professions Act On August 19, 2005 RNABC officially became the College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia (CRNBC), empowered under the Health Professions Act to regulate the practice of registered nurses and nurse practitioners in British Columbia (CRNBC, 2005). Understand the implications for nursing following the enactment of the Health Professions Act in British Columbia Review the Health Professions Act at the following link: http://www.qp.gov.bc.ca/statreg/stat/h/96183_01.htm Review the Nurses (Registered) and Nurse Practitioners Regulation at the following link: http://www.qp.gov.bc.ca/statreg/reg/h/healthprof/233_2005.htm In class we will explore what the Health Professions Act and Regulation for Nurses (Registered) and Nurse practitioners means to nursing practice. WEBCT There are no Web CT requirements for this week. Study for Quiz 2 on Friday March 9. Week 9 Concept: Legal and Ethical Issues We are indeed living in an age of an enlightened public that is not only aware, but also demands recognition of individual constitutional rights regarding freedom of choice and rights to self-determination. (Bastable, 2003) 21
Nursing Department Identify major ethical principles. Understand the importance of ethical and legal issues for nursing practice and education. Articulate relevant ethical and legal issues. Understand implications for individual nurses and the profession when ethical and legal issues are not resolved. Identify barriers to and strategies for resolving ethical and legal issues. Identify ethical and legal resources available to nurses (Code of Ethics) Visit the CNA Website at: www.cna-nurses.ca. Explore the following links and their related subheadings: About CNA; Nursing in Canada; Nursing Practice; CNA on the issues. Focus on topics that relate to legal and ethical issues. Hint: Don t forget to explore any position statements that may refer to ethics Read: McIntyre, M. & Thomlinson, E. (Eds.). (2003). Realities of Canadian nursing: professional, practice, and power issues. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Chapter 18 Bastable, S. (2003). Nurse as educator: principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice. (2 nd. ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Chapter 2. Canadian Nurses Association Code of Ethics for registered Nurses retrieved from: http://www.cnanurses.ca/cna/documents/pdf/publications/codeofethics2002_e.pdf Our classroom work this week will focus on ethical principles and the nurse and the law. We will watch a video about legal issues for nurses. Questions to consider activity. WEBCT Choose an ethical principle and explain how it would apply to your nursing practice. Concept: Violence and Abuse Violence has serious implications for the physical and mental health of individuals, families, groups, and societies. In all its forms violence is dramatically increasing in 22
Nursing Department Canada and the world. Nurses, often the first to interact with individuals affected by violence and often victims themselves, have crucial roles to play in dealing with and eliminating violence. Canadian Nurses Association. (2002). Position Statement on Violence. Identify different forms of violence and abuse. Analyze political, legal, and ethical factors related to violence and abuse. Relate the effect of violence and abuse to the health of individuals. Understand the impact of violence and abuse on the health care system. Examine factors that contribute to the continued silencing of victims of violence and abuse. Identify facilitators and barriers to the resolution of various issues. Identify strategies to address violence and abuse. Visit the Canadian Nurses Association Website at www.cna-nurses.ca and review the Position Statement on Violence (2002). Read: McIntyre, M. & Thomlinson, E. (Eds.). (2003). Realities of Canadian nursing: professional, practice, and power issues. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Chapter 21 In class we will review violence and it s impact on nurses and risk assessment in the workplace. WEBCT Reflect on your past experiences. Have you observed or experienced violence in your workplace? Have you cared for victims of violence or abuse? How did you feel about this? In the situation you describe, was there a mechanism or process in place to deal with the violence? If so, describe how it was (or wasn t) managed. 23
Nursing Department Week 10 Concept: Politics, Power, & Professionalism Public policy decisions directly affect the health care of everyone as well as the practice of nursing. Nurses can and should become more involved with the policy-making process to ensure that decisions benefit the public at local, provincial/territorial, and national levels. Nursing leadership in the public policy arena will give nurses the best opportunities for putting forth agendas that will accomplish health goals that are in the public s interest. (McIntyre & Thomlinson, 2003) Understand the real and potential contributions of nurses to health and nursing policy. Understand types of policy. Understand the policy process and the significance of related factors. Identify roles, responsibilities, and opportunities for nurses in the policy process. Identify challenges to nurses involvement. Identify strategies required for successful involvement. Visit the CNA Website (www.cna-nurses.ca) and review related links including: Nursing on the Political Agenda (and related sub-links); News Releases; CNA in the News. Read: McIntyre, M. & Thomlinson, E. (Eds.). (2003). Realities of Canadian nursing: professional, practice, and power issues. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 Classroom content is currently under development. We may have a guest speaker. WEBCT Identify two challenges individual nurses may experience in attempting to become politically active. What strategies could address these barriers? 24
Nursing Department Concept: Quality Improvement Quality improvement is an ongoing process of establishing indicators of quality, monitoring performance against the indicators and utilizing findings to make improvements. Standard 5 Provision of Service to the public Indicator 5 Participates in, encourages, and supports initiatives for quality improvement explore and understand various ways that health care agencies and individual nurses strive to maintain standards of care and improve quality of services. Explore the Website for the Canadian Council of Health Services Accreditation at http://www.cchsa.ca Read: Woodward, D. (2005). Developing a pain management program through continuous improvement strategies. Journal of Nursing Quality Care, 20(3), 261-267. (will be handed out in class). In class this week we will discuss the history of quality in healthcare and the role of nurses in ensuring quality. WEB CT What is the purpose of an organization like the Canadian Council of Health Services Accreditation? Whose purposes (i.e. government, professionals or the public) does this organization serve and how? 25
Nursing Department Concept: Life Long Learning Preparation of the next generation of nurses (RNs) determines the viability of the profession and its ability to influence the health care system and the health of society. (McIntyre, 2003) Competency is judged, not only at the time of entry to the profession, but also throughout a lifetime of practice. There is, therefore, a necessary commitment on the part of nurses to a lifetime of learning. explore nursing education in Canada from a historical perspective. identify key issues for the future of nursing education in Canada. understand the importance of continued learning from both an individual and professional perspective. explore the relationships between competencies, accreditation, and auditing practices. trace the relationship between a competency framework and self-regulation. discuss individual and organizational differences in responsibilities for nurse s competence. Visit the following websites: www.crnbc.ca and click on Members. Look at Nursing Practice and then Policy Statements (related to Education). Review Nursing Registration and Continuing Competence. Explore the online tutorial for Continuing Competence at http://www.crnbc.ca/continuing_competence/index.htm www.cna-nurses.ca and click on RN Education and related sub-links. Read: McIntyre, M. & Thomlinson, E. (Eds.). (2003). Realities of Canadian nursing: professional, practice, and power issues. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Chapters 9, 11, 12 and 13. In class we will explore the history of nursing education in Canada, discuss BSN education as the basis for entry to practice, and look at different ways of maintaining competence. WEB CT What are two key issues for the future of nursing education in Canada? How do you think they can be addressed? 26
Nursing Department Concept: Credentialing The process of credentialing refers to the recognition of a specific body of knowledge and complex skills that generate positive client outcomes. The knowledge and skills, in this instance, may not be held by all nurses. explore the notion of credentialing from both professional and educational viewpoints identify advantages of various types of credentials discuss differences between specialization and generalization. Visit the CNA Website www.cna.nurses.ca and click on Obtaining CNA Certification. Explore related links. In class we will discuss the meaning of credentialing for nurses and explore the need for specialty groups within the profession. We will also look at specialization vs. generalization. Week 11 Teaching Plan presentations and assignments due WEB CT Share with your Web CT group your thoughts on specialization. Is there an area in nursing you are particularly interested in? Why? Week 12 Concepts: Caring for Self and Each Other as Nurses, Power Structures, and Empowerment The CRNBC and BCNU both support registered nurses working in B.C. They do this in similar and in different ways. Both are essential organizations. 27
Nursing Department You will be able to: - Identify how BCNU supports the practice of nursing. - Identify why BCNU is necessary. McIntyre, M. & Thomlinson, E. (Eds.). (2003). Realities of Canadian nursing: professional, practice, and power issues. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Chapter 17 Explore the Website for the BCNU. On the BCNU Website find a copy of the collective agreement and print the list of contents of the agreement. Also look at the occupational health and safety issues the union is addressing. This week s classroom work is currently under development. We will likely have a guest speaker. Wrap up and evaluations WEBCT Discuss how the CRNBC and BCNU support Registered Nurses in British Columbia. Identify similarities and differences between the goals of these two organizations and between how they support registered nursing practice. Week 13 NO CLASS 28
Nursing Department Week 1 Jan 12-18 Summary of WEB CT Questions by Week ****Remember to post your introductions to the class. 1. In your Web CT discussion group, discuss which theory of learning makes most sense to you and why. 2. In preparation for next week s work concerning motivation and compliance, work in your Web CT discussion groups to develop a definition of each of these two concepts (i.e. define motivation and compliance from your own perspectives). Develop your definitions in your Web CT discussion groups before doing the reading for Class 2. Week 2 Jan 19- Jan 25 1. Reflect on recent client teaching you have done. Did you thoroughly assess learner needs or did you make the decision on what the individual needed to learn? Was the outcome successful? Would you do anything differently next time? 2. Reflect on your past experiences with clients. Consider those who have shown motivation to learn and have complied with treatment regimes. Consider those who have not. How were these clients different? What were the incentives and obstacles to learning? What strategies could be used to motivate those who were non-compliant? How would you feel if a nurse called you noncompliant? 3. In preparation for our classroom work concerning literacy next week: Prior to doing the Readings for week 3, in your discussion groups develop a list of your beliefs about people with literacy problems. Week 3 Jan 26- Feb 1 1. There is no Web CT requirement for discussion this week. Study for the quiz on Friday Feb 2. Week 4 Feb 2- Feb 8 1. Reflect on your past experiences with clients from various ethnic backgrounds. Share some of their unique learning needs. What teaching strategies were used and were they effective? 29
Nursing Department Week 5 Feb 9-Feb 15 1. Reflect on your past experiences as a learner: a. Identify and discuss your preferred instructional method. b. Which instructional materials do you find most useful and why? 2. Do you think behavioral objectives are useful? Why or why not? Week 6 Feb 16- Feb 22 1. What are the professional standards, practice standards, and the scope of practice standards and how do these differ? Week 7 Feb 23- Mar 1 1. What legislation governed registered nursing practice prior to the enactment of the Health Professions Act? How are these two pieces of legislation different? What do you think is the most significant implication of the Health Professions Act for nurses? Week 8 Mar 2- Mar 8 No Web CT requirements. Study for Quiz 2on Friday March 9. Week 9 Mar 9- Mar 15 1. Choose an ethical principle and explain how it would apply to your nursing practice. 2. Reflect on your past experiences. Have you observed or experienced violence in your workplace? Have you cared for victims of violence or abuse? How did you feel about this? In the situation you describe, was there a mechanism or process in place to deal with the violence? If so, describe how it was (or wasn t) managed. 30
Nursing Department Week 10 Mar 16- Mar 22 1. Identify two challenges individual nurses may experience in attempting to become politically active. Think about your own experiences as a student nurse. What strategies could address these barriers? 2. What is the purpose of an organization like the Canadian Council of Health Services Accreditation? Whose purposes (i.e. government, professionals or the public) does this organization serve and how? 3. What are two key issues for the future of nursing education in Canada? How do you think they can be addressed? Week 11 Mar 23- Mar 29 1. Share with your Web CT group your thoughts on specialization. Is there an area in nursing you are particularly interested in? Why? Week 12 Mar 30-Apr 5 1. Discuss how the CRNBC and BCNU support Registered Nurses in British Columbia. Identify similarities and differences between the goals of these two organizations and between how they support registered nursing practice. Week 13 Web CT Complete! 31