Guided Reading Activity 21-1 DIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why and How Read the section and answer the questions below Refer to your textbook to write the answers 1 What did Winston Churchill know would lead to victory in modern war? 2 How did the industrial output of workers in the United States compare to those of Germany and Japan during the war? 3 How did cost-plus contracts work? 4 What was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)? 5 Which industry was uniquely suited to the mass production of military equipment? SECTION 21-1 6 Who created an assembly line for the enormous B-24 bomber? 7 How were the Liberty ships different from other types of ships? 8 What authorities did Roosevelt grant to the War Production Board? 9 When did American opinions about a peacetime draft change? 10 What was the goal of the Double V campaign? 11 Who was the highest-ranking African American officer in the US Army? 12 What were the accomplishments of the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II? 13 What decision did President Truman make in 1948? 14 Which branch of the military was the first to allow women to enlist? Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 82
Guided Reading Activity 21-2 DIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea Use your textbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea Main Idea: The Japanese continued to win victories in the Pacific until the battle of Midway 1 Detail: A few hours after they bombed Pearl Harbor, the Japanese attacked American airfields in 2 Detail: When American forces defending the Bataan Peninsula surrendered in April of 1942, nearly of them were forced to march to a Japanese prison camp 3 Detail: After the Doolittle raid, the Japanese decided the American fleet had to be destroyed to protect from bombing Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 4 Detail: Despite their losses at the Battle of the Coral Sea, American forces prevented the Japanese from cutting supply lines to 5 Detail: Unaware that they were heading into an ambush, the Japanese launched their aircraft against on June 4, 1942 Main Idea: The Allies defeated Germany in Africa and in the Battle of the Atlantic The Soviet victory at Stalingrad was a turning point of the war 6 Detail: Stalin wanted and to open a second front by attacking Germany from the west to take the pressure off the Soviet Union 7 Detail: Egypt was very important to Britain because of the the route used by most of Britain's empire to send supplies to Britain 8 Detail: The German Afrika Korps was commanded by, a brilliant commander whose success earned him the nickname Desert Fox 9 Detail: Because the city of Stalingrad controlled the and was a major railroad junction, capturing the city was the key to Germany's attack 10 Detail: The Battle of was a major turning point of the war, because it put the Germans on the defensive SECTION 21-2 83
Guided Reading Activity 21-3 DIRECTIONS: Using Headings and Subheadings Locate each heading below in your textbook Then use the information under the correct subheading to help you write each answer I Women and Minorities Gain Ground A How many women worked in factories, shipyards, and other manufacturing plants during World War II? B What was the purpose of Executive Order 8802? C What government program was arranged for Mexican farm workers in the southwest? II A Nation on the Move A What did the Lanham Act, passed by Congress in 1940, do to alleviate the potential housing crisis? SECTION 21-3 B Why did President Roosevelt create the National Housing Agency? C What was the complaint many Americans had against the zoot suit? D Why did many people demand that all people of Japanese ancestry be removed from the West Coast? E What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Korematsu v United States? III Daily Life in Wartime A What home-front problems existed during World War II in addition to the housing problems and racial tensions? B What did the Office of Economic Stabilization (OES) do? C Why did the government begin rationing consumer goods? D What items did Americans contribute to scrap drives? Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 84
Guided Reading Activity 21-4 Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc DIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word or words that best complete the sentence Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks 1 The Allied invasion of in November 1942 had shown that a largescale invasion from the sea was possible 2 Among the agreements reached at the was the decision to step up the bombing of Germany 3 The bombing campaign between January 1943 and May 1945 caused a severe oil shortage in Germany and wrecked its 4 The Italian campaign was one of the bloodiest in the war, costing more than Allied casualties 5 At the Tehran Conference with Churchill and Roosevelt, Stalin promised to launch a against the Germans when the Allies invaded France in 1944 6 Stalin also promised that once Germany was defeated, the Soviet Union would help 7 President Roosevelt chose to command the invasion known as Operation Overlord 8 The Germans believed that the Allies would land in the area of France closest to Britain 9 On June 6, 1944, nearly ships carrying more than soldiers set sail for the coast of Normandy 10 American troops came under intense German fire, and suffered heavy losses, after their landing at 11 While the buildup for invading France was taking place in Britain, American military leaders were also developing a strategy to defeat 12 The first part of America's two-pronged attack on Japan called for the to hop from one island to the next 13 The geographical problem with the central Pacific was that many of the islands were 14 American military planners wanted to use the as a base for a new heavy bomber that could reach Japan 15 The Battle of Leyte Gulf was the first time that the Japanese used attacks SECTION 21-4 85
Guided Reading Activity 21-5 SECTION 21-5 DIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks I The Third Reich Collapses A As the Americans pushed east toward Germany, Hitler began a last offensive that became known as B By the end of February 1945, American troops had fought their way to the, Germany's last major line of defense in the west C On, Germany surrendered, and the next day was proclaimed V- E Day for Victory in Europe II Japan Is Defeated A American military planners decided to invade so that American could land and refuel before bombing Japan B The firebombing of killed over 80,000 people and destroyed more than 250,000 buildings in the city C To aid a possible invasion of Japan, the United States captured the island of D The American program to build an atomic bomb was code-named the E In 1942, Leo Szilard and Enrico Fermi built the world's first at the University of Chicago F The Allies threatened Japan with if the nation did not surrender unconditionally, but the Japanese did not reply G Faced with the massive destruction of the nuclear attacks and the shock of the joining the Allies, the Japanese emperor ordered his government to surrender on August 15, 1945 III Building a New World A President Roosevelt believed that a new international political organization could prevent another world war, and he was instrumental in creating the B At the Nuremburg trials, the International Military Tribunal (IMT) tried German leaders suspected of C The Allies did not put the emperor of Japan on trial in order to avoid Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 86