NORWAY GENERAL Area..... 323,793 sq. km Population (I926). 2,788,893 Per sq. km... 8.6 Railways operated at end of fiscal year I925-26: 3,603 km. I. Army. A. SUPREME MILITARY COMMAND AND ORGANISATION The King is in supreme command of the armed forces. The Department of Defence is the central organisation to which the Administration of the Army and Navy is attached. The Army Division is organised in 2 sections. The first section consists of 3 offices, dealing with army organisation and mobilisation, fortifications, ammunition, arsenals, a printing office, etc. The second section consists of 2 offices and deals with military service, army finance, etc. The Minister is also head of the Military Committee, which is composed as follows: Commander-in-Chief of the Army. Admiral commanding the Fleet. Chief of the Military General Staff. Chief of the Naval General Staff. B. COMPOSITION OF THE ARMY Commander-in-Chief. General Staff. 6 Divisions. Army Inspectors (with General Staffs). Royal Guards. 1 The General Staff is organised in the following 4 Departments: i. Communication Department; 2. Mobilisation Department; 3. Administration Department; 4. Topography Department. There is also an Intelligence Department attached to the General Staff.
NORWAY 629 Garrison Artillery. Air Force. Artillery Technical Corps. Recruiting Departments. Officers' Schools. Remount Commissions. C. HIGHER UNITS The 6 divisions are composed as follows: Ist Division with headquarters at Halden: 3 infantry regiments with i I regiment of engineers, machine-gun company and i i medical company, cyclist company, I supply company, i divisional infantry N.C.O.s' i transport company, Fossumavsnittets fortifications, i cavalry regiment, Sarpsborg fortifications, i field artillery regiment, Fredrikstens garrison. 2nd Division with headquarters at Oslo: 3 infantry regiments with i i field artillery regiment, machine-gun company and i i medical company, cyclist company, i supply company, i,divisional infantry N.C.O.s' i transport company, Kongsvinger fortifications. i cavalry regiment, 3rd Division with headquarters at Kristiansand: 3 infantry regiments with i i supply company, machine-gun company and i i medical company, cyclist company, i transport company, i mountain battery, Kristiansand garrison. i divisional infantry N.C.O.s' 4th Division with headquarters at Bergen: 2 infantry regiments with i i mountain battery, machine-gun company and i i supply company, cyclist company, i medical company, 2 independent battalions, i transport company, i divisional infantry N.C.O.s' Bergenhus 'garrison.
630 NORWAY 5th Division with headquarters at Trondhjem: 3 infantry regiments with I i field artillery regiment, machine-gun company and i i engineer battalion, cyclist company, I supply company, i divisional infantry N.C.O.s' i medical company, i transport company, i garrison company, Stj 6rdal and Verdal fortifications, i cavalry regiment, Trondhjem garrison. 6th Division with headquarters at Harstad: 3 infantry regiments with 3 I mountain battery, machine-gun companies, i engineer battalion, 2 independent battalions (with i supply company, i garrison company and a cor- i medical company, porals' school), i transport company. i divisional infantry N.C.O.s' D. ARMS AND SERVICES i. INFANTRY. 17 line regiments and 4 independent battalions. Each regiment is divided into three battalions with 4 companies (8 battalions have only 3 companies each); 8 of these regiments possess in addition i machine-gun company and 5 possess i cyclist company each; the independent battalions have also 4 companies each. The Royal Guard (4 companies) is composed of contingents from the infantry regiments. 2. CAVALRY. 3 regiments Two regiments of 6 squadrons and one regiment of 4 squadrons. Each regiment has one machine-gun company. 3. ARTILLERY. (a) Field : 3 regiments. Each regiment is divided into three battalions of 3 batteries of field artillery ; one battalion of 3 batteries of. heavy position artillery; one field park company. (b) Mountain : 3 batteries. (c) Fortress: 5 fortress battalions; 9 signal detachments; 6 detachments of sappers.
NORWAY 631 4. ENGINEERS. I regiment of 3 battalions (field engineers, telegraph companies, pontoon companies) with 4 companies each. The telegraph battalion also has I wireless company. 2 unattached battalions of engineers, consisting of one company of field engineers, one telegraph company, one wireless company. 5. AIR FORCE. Norway only possesses training machines and no dirigibles. I military flying school. i military aeroplane factory. i permanent air commission of 4 members. i artillery observation commission of 7 members. 6. ARMY SERVICE CORPS: 7 district intendance offices and I technical bureau. 7. ARMY MEDICAL CORPS : 6 medical boards, 6 line companies, 2 military hospitals and I army bacteriological laboratory. 8. TRANSPORT: Transport corps: 6 companies; motor-transport corps : 6 companies. 9. ARTILLERY TECHNICAL CORPS: I arms factory at Kongsberg, i cartridge and powder factory at Ranfoss, Chief arsenal at Oslo, and 4 arsenals. IO. CONSCRIPTION AREAS. The country is divided into io War Commissariats and 52 battalion conscription districts. II. FACTORIES. Norway has two arms and munition State factories: Konsberg arms factory, Ranfoss cartridge factory, and one private factory. There are also the following private dynamite, high explosive and powder factories Engene at Hurum; Verpen at Hurum; Gullaug» Lier; Nitedal )) Nitedal; Haoen, Frogen; Grubernes sprengstoffabrikker, Ski. Sundal» Asen;
632 NORWAY SUMMARY TABLE OF COMMANDS AND UNITS. 0 ~ 0 ~) 05 '5 5.3.~5 6 Infantry... 17 55'. 8 5 Cavalry... 3 16 2 Field artillery... 3 27 Siege........ 9 Mountain... 3 Garrison.... Engineers... i 5 19 Transport... 122 Medical... 6 1 Of which 4 battalions forming a corps. 2 Includes 6 motor tractors. E. GENDARMERIE There is no special organisation (corresponding to a gendarmerie corps, etc.) for the maintenance of order in the interior and on the frontiers. F. RECRUITING SYSTEM The military law in force in Norway is the law of July I9th, igio, amended by the Law of August 20oth, 1915. The Norwegian army consists of the regular army, the territorial army and the Landstorm. Military service is compulsory; 12 years in the regular army and 12 years in the territorial army. Military service begins at the age of 20. Men of from i8 to 20 years of age and from 44 to 55 years serve in the Landstorm, which is only raised in case of national defence. Service with the colours consists during the first year of 48 days' training in the infantry and garrison artillery, 62 days in the mountain artillery, 92 days in the field artillery and I02 days in the cavalry. This training is immediately followed by 24 days' training in the regular army, while during the second, third and seventh years men of the regular army are called up for 24 days' training. 18-20 20-32 32-44 44-55 Landstorm Regular army Territorial Landstorm army Period of service: (48-Io2 days according to branch) ; subsequently 4 periods of 24 days each.
NORWAY 633 RECRUITING OF THE ARMY. Young men Number of Distributed as under: whose names Years w o the Emigrated young men appear on the inspected In the In the auxi- Provisionconscription rolls active Army liary corps ally Finally 1913 26,464 1,828 15,631 10,564 I,811 251 3,005 1914 29,999 1,882 20,065 13,857 2,412 227 3,569 1915 29,720 1,298 20,471 13,808 2,301 526 3,836 1916 60,909 I,ITI 40,695 28,230 4,776 1,217 6,472 1917 33,417 296 22,922 15,755 2,962 1,049 3,156 1918 30,895 191 19,132 12,927 2,518 834 2,853 19I9 31,471 102 20,570 I4,023 2,824 924 2,799 1920 31,I4 148 22,041 15,777 2,361 898 3,005 1921 32,866 336 23,324 I6,4-95 2,722 850 3,257 1922 32,909 330 21,910 14,099 2,482 384 4,945 1923 33, 60 463 21,967 I2,955 ' 2,652 354 6,oo006 1924 32,185 i,o6i 20,4.98 II,8II 2,538 285 5,864 G. CADRES There are three different categories of officers and non-commissioned officers in the Norwegian army: (i) Permanent cadres. (2) District cadres (called up during training periods). (3) Cadres without pay (officers and N.C.O.s of the reserve). SCHOOLS. (i) For Non-Commissioned Officers. N.C.O.s of all ranks are drafted from the schools in the various divisions. Schools: 6 divisional infantry schools for N.C.O.s. i cavalry school for N.C.O.s. i artillery school for N.C.O.s. i riding school for artillery, engineers and transport. i engineering school for N.C.O.s. i riding school for cavalry. i garrison artillery school for N.C.O.s. Courses for medical officers. Courses for veterinary officers. Courses for transport. Courses for army service corps. i school of musketry for infantry. i school of gunnery for field artillery. i school of gunnery for garrison artillery. i flying school.
634 NORWAY (2) For Officers. Staff College (2 years' training). Military Academy. The army training courses last one year for officers without pay, and three years for regular officers. Survey Institute Sections: Geodesy; Topography; Cartography; Photography. Government physical training school for officers, N.C.O.s and civilians. H. BUDGETARY EFFECTIVES (I928-29) I. REGULARS AND DISTRICT STRENGTH. z t Grand Officers o a Total os ZOO Commander-in-Chief..3. 3 6 General Staff.... 32 6 38 Divisional H. Q... 24 I48 172 Infantry... 568 1,705 2,273 Cavalry......... 160o 212 Artillery... 103 352 455 Garrison Artillery... 78 332 410 Air Force... I9 26 45 Engineers... 63 237 300 Transport... 20 55 75 Army Service Corps.... 29 38 67 Medical Corps.... o8 69 177 Veterinary Corps... 8 I8 Miscellaneous... 34 83 117 Total..... 1,151 3,214 4,365 II. MILITARY SCHOOLS. CADETS AND ASPIRANTS Number Military colleges... 64 Infantry N.C.O.s' and junior N.C.O.s' schools...i9 4.4.. Cavalry N.C.O.s' schools ; cavalry etc.... 65 Artillery N.C.O.s' schools... 6o Garrison artillery. N.C.O.s' school... 8o Engineer N.C.O.s' school.... 63 Flying school...... 26 Army Medical course... 165 Total... 942
NORWAY 635 III. RECRUITS. Infantry 1........................ 7,800 2 Cavalry... 400 Artillery...... i,030o Engineers..... 650 Flying corps...................... 70 Intendance... 115 Medical corps..................... 300 Total................... 1o,265 1 Including Guard and garrison companies. 2 Approximative figure. 3 Field, mountain and fortress. II. Navy. LIST OF UNITS (1927-28). Battleships (Coast Defence) i. Norge (1900) Displacement, 4,166 tons. Length, 301o/4 feet. Beam, 2. Eidsvold (I9oo) 50o feet. Max. draught, 172/3 feet. H.P. 4,500 = I6.5 kts. Guns : 2 8.2-inch.; 6 5.9-inch ; 8 I2-pdr. 2 3-pdr. (A. A.) 2 torpedo-tubes (I8-inch). 3. Harald Haar/fagre Displacement, 3,858 tons: Length, 304 feet. Beam, (I897) 481/2 feet. Max. draught, 172/3 feet. H.P. 4,500 4. Tordenskjold (I897) 16.9 kts. Guns: 2 8.2-inch; 6 4.7-inch; 6 12- pdr.; 2 3-pdr. (A. A.); 2 torpedo tubes (I7/I8-inch). 3 Destroyers: i. Garm (1913) Displacement, 540 tons. Dimensions : 227 X 2312 x 8 3/4 2. Draug (190o8) feet. Guns: 6 I2-pdr. 3 I8-inch tubes. 3. Troll (1910o) 26 Torpedo-Boats: i. "Large torpedo-boats ": Displacement, 220 tons: (a) Snogg; (b) Stegg; (c) Trygg (I916-17). 2. First-class torpedo-boats Displacement, 90 tons: (a) Laks; (b) Sild; (c) Soel ; (d) Skrel (1900); displacement, 79 tons : (e) Brand; (f) Storm ; (g) Trods (1899) ; (h) Hval (1896). 3. Second-class torpedo-boats: Displacement, 94 tons : (a) Kjell (1912). Displacement, 92 tons : (b) Skarv ; (c) Teist. Displacement, 70 tons : (d) Grib ; (e) Jo; (f) Lorn (190o6) ; (g) Orn ; (h) Ravn (i904). Displacement, 63 tons : (i) Hauk; (j) Falk (I903). Displacement, 64 tons : (k) Hvas ; (1) Kioek (1900oo). Displacement, 67 tons : (m) Kvik (I897-98). Displacement, 45 tons : (n) Blink ; (o) Lyn (1896).
636 NORWAY 8 (+ 2 building) Submarines (7 +- 2 building, in 1928) Displacement, 413 tons (on surface) : B. i (1922) ;B. 2 (I923) ' B. 3 (I925) ' B. 4 (1925) ; B. 5, B. 6. (Building). Displacement, 225 tons (on surface) ; A. 4 -A. 2 (1913) Displacement, 205 tons (on surface) ; A. i (1909) (only for the year I927). Miscellaneous: 15 units (mine-layers, old gunboats, etc.). SUMMARY TABLE OF NAVAL UNITS. Total Depreciated Number Tonnage Tonnage 1 Battleships and battle-cruisers.... Coast-defence ships and monitors... 4 16,048 Aircraft-carriers... Cruisers and light cruisers.... Torpedo-boats and destroyers..... 29 3,995 II Submarines...... 8 2,607 I,343 Miscellaneous Vessels 2... 9 3,550 Total... 26,200 1,454 Depreciated tonnage (on January ist, 1928) is calculated as follows: (i) For battleships, battle-cruisers, coast-defence ships, monitors, aircraft-carriers and miscellaneous vessels, a reduction in original tonnage at the rate of I/20 per annum from date of completion. (2) For cruisers and light cruisers, a reduction of I/17 per annum from date of completion. (3) For torpedo craft and submarines, a reduction of I I/2 per annum from date of completion. Under the heading Miscellaneous Vessels, only sloops, gunboats, river gunboats and despatch vessels are shown. III, Budget Expenditure on National Defence. A. NOTES ON BUDGET PROCEDURE. (i) The financial year covers the period July Ist to June 3oth. The estimates for the coming financial year are submitted to Parliament in January or February and are generally voted in May or June. Closed accounts are regularly published six to eight months after the close of the financial year. (2) Beginning with the financial year 1925-26, the budget has been divided into current and capital expenditure. All defence expenditure is included in current expenditure, the capital expenditure only representing investments in public undertakings, which may be expected to yield a return in the future, and extraordinary amortisation. (3) The Norwegian budget is a gross budget, receipts collected by the Defence Department in the course of its administration being accounted for on the revenue side of the budget. (4) Local authorities do not contribute to expenditure for military purposes.
NORWAY 637 B. BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON NATIONAL DEFENCE. I. Summary of Defence Expenditure (Gross). TABLE I. 1925-26 I926-27 I927-28 1928-29 Estimates Closed Closed Estimates submitted Accounts Accounts voted to Parliament Kroner (ooo,ooo's omitted) Army... 35.7 31-4 30.- 28.5 Navy... 11.g ii.6 11.6 11.2 Total defence expenditure... 47.6 43-- 41.6 39.7 Defence expenditure index... Ioo 90 87 83 Index number of wholesale prices: I913 = Ioo... 219 i80 I64 162 2 1925-26 = Ioo... ioo 82 75 75 Index of defence expenditure reduced to the 1925-26 price level... ioo i1o II7 113 Excluding expenditure for civil purposes. 2 Average July and August, 1928. (2) The main items of Navy expenditure are shown in the following table TABLE 3. I925-26 1926-27 1927-28 11928-29 Closed Accounts Estimates Kroner (ooo's omitted) Navy Board... I30 11i6 II 9 - Salaries, etc., to permanent personneli..... 4,958 4,915 4,985 4,478 Schools... 356 382 380 347 Temporary personnel (conscription)... - 368 399 Practice and manoeuvres.......,359 I,376 1,416 1,420 Material and supplies..... 3,078 2,825 2,587 2,637 Naval stations.... 711 577 832 780 Hospitals, etc...... 182 I73 156 Various expenses... 1,123 1,i86 2 828 Expenditure from the Naval Cadets' fund... 5 5 5 5 Improvements at the main naval wharves... ioc Total..... 11..,902 II,555 11,602 I,50 1 Excluding high-cost-of-living allowances. 2 Details not available. NOTES. - (a) The working expenses of Naval Establishments are included in the appropriations for the Navy. (b) The Naval Board administers the Pilotage Service and certain radio-stations. The appropriations for these purposes have been estimated at 228,810 Kr. for 1928-29. (3) Aviation. The expenditure on the Air Force is included in the various Army and Navy appropriations and not shown in one aggregate sum. Those items which are distinguishable amount to a little more than i 12 million Kroner.