Nightingale and the Nursing Leaders She Mentored Commonwealth Nurses and Midwives Conference, March 12-13, 2016, London
Lynn McDonald, PhD, LLD (hon.) director, Collected Works of Florence Nightingale (2001-12, 16 vols) former MP, author, Non-smokers Health Act, 1988, Canada s pioneering law to provide smoke-free work and public places, 1988 Climate change activist
16 volumes Collected Works of Florence Nightingale the editor with the volumes all available also as ebooks the documents are digitized on a website
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) Fame from the Crimean War 1854-56 Major founder of modern nursing Social scientist, first woman Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society Pioneer of evidence-based health care Pioneer environmental health theorist (from the lessons of the Crimean War)
Hospital conditions in her day Death rates per admissions, at London teaching hospitals were around 10%, when her nursing school opened in 1860 Death rates in the Crimean War hospitals rose to about 40% in the worst months of the war (early 1855) The background to her work
The Nightingale School At St Thomas Hospital, London Opened 1860, secular, for pupils of any faith or none at all (Nightingale a woman of faith, Christian, and many nurses were but the school open to all) The base for her mentoring, pupils at end of year, and visitors from other countries
Vol. 12 in CWFN series, with letters to matron and nurses at the N School from its beginning Picture of FN at Claydon House, Bucks, on an annual outing with the tutor, Mary Crossland, and Sir Harry Verney, chair of the Nightingale Fund Council, which paid for the school
Method of Mentoring First meeting at end of year s training -- occasional meetings after, letter exchanges, letters of reference for jobs Visible support on starting matron s position Nightingale sent flowers by commissionaire Concerted support when under investigation Some examples, out of a large number..
Matrons at British Hospitals Angelique-Lucille Pringle, matron at the Royal Edinburgh Infirmary, later at St T., from Edinburgh teams to other Scottish hospitals Alice Fisher, matron at Addenbrooke s, Birmingham, Radcliffe Infirmary and Blockley Hospital, Philadelphia Jane Styring: to Montreal General, Bart s, Marylebone Workhouse, matron, St Mary s
Visitors from Other Countries Nightingale met with nurses/matrons from other countries for short-term stays at St Thomas Hospital Arranged for them to spend time at leading hospitals, e.g., Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Liverpool Workhouse Infirmary, Highgate, St Marylebone
St Bartholomew s, London Maria Machin, after Montreal General, matron at St Bartholomew s, London (hostile environment to trained nursing) An ancient hospital, like St Thomas, top medical staff, e.g. Sir James Paget But slow to employ trained nurses and to train nurses
Matrons at other UK Hospitals Mary Juliana Pyne, Westminster Flora Masson, Radcliffe Infirmary, later at the Homerton Fever Hospital, Rachel Williams, after assistant at Edinburgh R.I., matron at St Mary s, Paddington Frances E. Spencer, matron at both Edinburgh and St Thomas (after Pringle) Helen Blower, after Mtl, Royal Southern, Liv.
Workhouse Infirmaries Agnes Jones, Liverpool Workhouse Infirmary, died on the job in 1868 Mary Cadbury, after Highgate and Liverpool, matron at Sheffield and Queen s Hospital, Birmingham Amelia P. de Laney, St Marylebone and Birmingham Izalina Huguenin, matron Liverpool 1880-
District Nursing (Home Visiting) Florence Lees, later Craven, invented method for home visiting nursing (FN godmother of a son), supt. Metropolitand and National Assoc. Amy Sarah Hughes, supt M&N, Bolton Workhouse Infirmary, later supt., Queen Victoria Jubilee nurses and in Australia Katharine I. Persse, Liverpool
Matrons at Irish Hospitals Jessie Lennox, Belfast Children s Hospital Ellen Notcutt, Royal Hospital, Belfast Louisa Franks, Dr Steevens Hospital, Dublin Sarah E. Hampson, Rotunda Hosp., Dublin Susan Beresford, Sir Patrick Duns Hosp. Helen Shuter, City of Dublin Hosp.
Military Nurses Margaret Augusta Fellowes, Transvaal and Egyptian campaigns, matron in WW I hospital, London Sybil Airy, supt York County Hosp, Egyptian campaign, matron Royal Victoria Hospital, Bournemouth Anne E. Caulfield, Egypt campaign, supt. Herbert Hospital, Woolwich Helen C. Norman, Egypt, matron QAIMNS
Matrons at Chronic-care Hospitals Ulrike N. Linicke, after Irish hospitals, matron at Royal Hosp. for Incurables, Putney Amelia de Laney, after workhouse appointments, matron at Epileptic Home
Matrons Visiting at St Thomas From the U.S.: Linda Richards (matron at numerous hospitals, later in Japan) Isabel Hampton, to Johns Hopkins Univ. Hospital, author of major nursing textbook From Canada: Charlotte MacLeod, after Waltham Hospital, Boston, matro n, Victorian Order of Nurses, Ottawa; Louise Darche (supt Blackwell s Island, New York) Elizabeth R. Scovil, supt. In New York
European From Germany: Charlotte Helmsdorfer and Frl von Cornberg From Sweden: Emmy Rappe and Alfhild Ehrenborg From Finland: Ellen Ekblom, Sophie Mannerheim
Vol. 13 in CWFN series covers her work mentoring nurses in U.K. hospitals and around the world, with bios of nursing leaders typically ignored In UK nursing histories
Troubled Matrons Styring: father failed, mother dead, grandmother insane De Laney, broken health when at the Epileptic Home; when at Birmingham, it was the best managed workhouse in the kingdom, partly because of Miss de Laney. For stressed-out matrons, Nightingale organized time off, rest, a holiday, gifts
Matrons under Investigation Lucy Osburn, Sydney Hospital, Royal Commission investigation (Windeyer letter) Eva Luckes, London Hospital, a House of Lords Select Committee Flora Masson, Radcliffe Infirmary, complaint of staff to administration forced out from prejudice and ignorance Rachel Williams, St Mary s, Paddington
Williams, at St Mary s, Paddington Rachel Williams eventually forced out, after a lengthy investigation and much intervention by Nightingale, dispute over salary FN recruited a senior doctor, Sieveking, to support and a governor, Lord Carlingford, but governors decided she had been dishonest; FN got a delay to permit her to resign instead of being dismissed
New Position for Williams Williams volunteered for the Egypt Campaign of 1885, became superintendent in Cairo Nightingale arranged for new uniforms, paid for from Nightingale Fund, showing officer status (scarlet tippets and cap) Great send-off at St Mary s: Williams cheered as she left! On her return got a letter in the Times published on her experience
Mentoring through Life Nurses and matrons visited Nightingale and wrote her until her advanced old age Massive amounts of material available, especially of letters BY nurses and matrons TO Nightingale (she kept them) Many volumes of material missing attic? basement somewhere? Wardroper, Vincent Books, articles, theses to be written! Sources on my website, digitized
Where is Nightingale now? Statue at Glasgow Royal Infirmary, storage area, at beginning of the Collected Works project with traffic cone and pop bottle
Statue moved to Front lobby of Glasgow Royal Infirmary, next To bronze relief of Lord Lister, who pioneered antiseptic surgery at that hospital