The International Association of Chiefs of Police Presentation on United States Law Enforcement March 23, 2015
Types of U.S. State & Local Law Enforcement Agencies City Police Conservation officers County Sheriff s Office Department of Correction Police District Attorneys' Office Investigators Fish/Game & Wildlife Police Game Wardens Harbor Police Highway Patrol Hospital Police Housing Authority Police Municipal Police Park Police Port Authority Public Safety Rangers School District Police Sheriff s Department State Bureau of Investigation State Hospital Police State Police Transit Authority Police Transit Police University Police Water Police
U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Air Force Office of Special Investigations Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Central Intelligence Agency Customs and Border Protection Defense Criminal Investigative Service Defense Intelligence Agency Department of Homeland Security Drug Enforcement Administration Federal Bureau of Investigation Federal Protective Service Immigration and Customs Enforcement IRS Criminal Investigations Division Marshal Service Naval Criminal Investigative Service Postal Inspection Service State Department Bureau of Diplomatic Security Secret Service
U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies There are 65 federal agencies and 27 offices of inspector general that employ full time personnel authorized to make arrests and carry firearms. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 2004 the largest employers of Federal officers were U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Federal Bureau of Prisons, the FBI, and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, each with over 10,000 officers. Federal officers duties include police response and patrol, criminal investigation and enforcement, inspections, security and protection, court operations, and corrections. Discover Policing Types of Law Enforcement Agencies
Federal, State, County, and Local Law Enforcement in the U.S. (2008) Federal: 17 State: 50 Sheriff s: 3,063 Local: 12,501 Special Jurisdictions:1,733
Federal, State, County, and Local Law Enforcement in the U.S. 1 Pennsylvania State Police 65 Sheriff s Departments 965 Smaller Law Enforcement Agencies Pittsburgh Philadelphia
Local & County Police Department in the U.S.
Local Police Department Full-Time Employees
Local Police Department Officer-to-Resident Ratio
Local Police Department Annual Operating Budgets
Local Police Department Education Requirements
Local Police Department Hiring Process Criminal record check Background investigation Driving record check Medical exam Personal interview Drug test Psychological evaluation Physical agility test Credit history check Written aptitude test Personality inventory Polygraph exam
Local Police Department Training Requirements
Local Police Department Race & Ethnicity Ratios Race & ethnicity of full-time sworn local law enforcement personal, by size of population served 2.0% 0.7% 0.3% 10.3% 11.9% White Black/African American Hispanic/Latino 74.8% Asian/Pacific Islander American Indian/Alaska Native Multi-race
Local Police Department Gender Ratios Gender of full-time sworn personnel in local police departments 11.9% 88.1% Male Female
Local Police Department Patrols other than Auto.
Local Police Department Use of Video Cameras
Local Police Department Community Policing Activities
Local Police Department School Resource Officers
Local Police Department HT Task Force Participation
Local Police Department Anti-Terrorism Task Force Participation
Overarching Issues American Policing Model Downside 18,000 independent, autonomous agencies Varying governmental oversight (federal, state, county, local, other) Difficulty coordinating, sharing info across this number of agencies Lack of standardization of policies, programs, protocols and training Major city, midsize and smaller sizes make implementation of change more complex
Overarching Issues American Policing Model Upside 18,000 independent, autonomous agencies Communities can identify with their own law enforcement agency Officers can identify with their unique communities as well Innovation, new ideas can emerge anywhere, anytime Lessons learned in one agency can inform and improve hundreds of others