Endoscopic Approaches to the Skull Base

Endoscopic Approaches to the Skull Base

Progress in Neurological Surgery Vol. 26 Series Editor L. Dade Lunsford Pittsburgh, Pa.

Endoscopic Approaches to the Skull Base Volume Editors Amin B. Kassam Ottawa, Ont. Paul A. Gardner Pittsburgh, Pa. 109 figures, 24 in color, and 13 tables, 2012 Basel Freiburg Paris London New York New Delhi Bangkok Beijing Tokyo Kuala Lumpur Singapore Sydney

Amin B. Kassam, MD Chief, Division of Neurosurgery The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus 1053 Carling Avenue, Box 615 Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9 (Canada) Paul A. Gardner, MD Assistant Professor Department of Neurological Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Co-Director Center for Cranial Base Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center 200 Lothrop Street, PUH B-400 Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Endoscopic approaches to the skull base / volume editors, Amin B. Kassam, Paul A. Gardner. p. ; cm. -- (Progress in neurological surgery, ISSN 0079-6492 ; v. 26) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-8055-9210-9 (alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-3-8055-9211-6 (e-isbn) I. Kassam, Amin B. II. Gardner, Paul A. (Paul Andrew), 1973- III. Series: Progress in neurological surgery ; v. 26. 0079-6492 [DNLM: 1. Skull Base--surgery. 2. Brain Diseases--surgery. 3. Neuroendoscopy--methods. 4. Sphenoid Sinus--surgery. W1 PR673 v.26 2012 / WE 705] 617.5'140597--dc23 2012001494 Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents and Index Medicus. Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Copyright 2012 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland) www.karger.com Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Kraft Druck, Ettlingen ISSN 0079 6492 e-issn 1662 3924 ISBN 978 3 8055 9210 9 e-isbn 978 3 8055 9211 6

Section Title Contents VII Editor s Note Lunsford, L.D. (Pittsburgh, Pa.) 1 Historical Perspectives Cappabianca, P.; Esposito, F.; de Divitiis, O. (Napoli) 7 Advantages of the Endoscope and Transitioning from the Microscope to the Endoscope for Endonasal Approaches Jagannathan, J. (Charlottesville, Va.); Laws, E.R. (Boston, Mass.); Jane, J.A., Jr. (Charlottesville, Va.) 21 Principles of Endoneurosurgery Kassam, A.B. (Ottawa, Ont.); Gardner, P.A. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Prevedello, D.M. (Columbus, Ohio); Snyderman, C.H. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Carrau, R.L. (Columbus, Ohio) 27 Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Approaches Janjua, A.; Naseri, I.; Witterick, I.; Vescan, A. (Toronto, Ont.) 41 Sellar/Tuberculum Approach Cappabianca, P.; Cavallo, L.M.; Esposito, I.; Solari, D. (Napoli) 60 Endoscopic Approach for Pituitary Tumors Louis, R.G.; Pouratian, N.; Jane, J.A., Jr. (Charlottesville, Va.) 76 Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Olfactory Groove Meningiomas Gardner, P.A. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Vescan, A.; de Almeida, J.R.; Janjua, A. (Toronto, Ont.); Kassam, A.B. (Ottawa, Ont.); Prevedello, D.M.; Carrau, R.L. (Columbus, Ohio); Snyderman, C.H. (Pittsburgh, Pa.) 87 Endoscopic Anterior Skull Base Resection for Esthesioneuroblastoma Zanation, A.M. (Chapel Hill, N.C.); Casiano, R.R. (Miami, Fla.); Carrau, R.L. (Columbus, Ohio); Snyderman, C.H. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Kassam, A.B. (Ottawa, Ont.); Gardner, P.A. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Prevedello, D.M. (Columbus, Ohio); Mitchell, C.A. (Chapel Hill, N.C.); Mintz, A.H. (Pittsburgh, Pa.) 104 Endoscopic Approaches to the Skull Base: The Coronal Plane Prevedello, D.M. (Columbus, Ohio); Kassam, A.B. (Ottawa, Ont.); Otto, B.A.; Ditzel Filho, L.F.S.; de Lara, D.; Carrau, R.L. (Columbus, Ohio) 119 Cavernous Sinus: Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches Frank, G.; Pasquini, E. (Bologna) 140 Expanded Pure Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Clival Lesions Dehdashti, A.R. (Toronto, Ont./Danville, Pa.); Omahen, D.A.; Gentili, F. (Toronto, Ont.) V

152 Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Odontoid and Craniocervical Junction Gardner, P.A.; Tormenti, M.J. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Kassam, A.B. (Ottawa, Ont.); Spiro, R.M. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Prevedello, D.M.; Carrau, R.L. (Columbus, Ohio); Snyderman, C.H. (Pittsburgh, Pa.) 168 Endoscopic Reconstruction of Anterior Skull Base Defects Zanation, A.M. (Chapel Hill, N.C.); Carrau, R.L. (Columbus, Ohio); Snyderman, C.H. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Kassam, A.B. (Ottawa, Ont.); Gardner, P.A. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Prevedello, D.M. (Columbus, Ohio); Mintz, A.H. (Pittsburgh, Pa.) 182 Management of Complications of Endonasal Cranial Base Surgery Snyderman, C.H. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Pant, H. (Adelaide, S.A.); Gardner, P.A. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Carrau, R.L.; Prevedello, D.M. (Columbus, Ohio); Kassam, A.B. (Ottawa, Ont.) 191 Endoscopic Approaches to the Cerebellopontine Angle Pieper, D.R.; Bojrab, D. (Novi, Mich.) 204 Endoscope-Assisted Skull Base Surgery de Paiva Neto, M.A. (Santa Monica, Calif./Sao Paulo); Dusick, J.R. (Los Angeles, Calif.); Fatemi, N.; Kelly, D.F. (Santa Monica, Calif.) 222 The Learning Curve for Endonasal Surgery of the Cranial Base: A Systematic Approach to Training Snyderman, C.H. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Pant, H. (Adelaide, S.A.); Kassam, A.B. (Ottawa, Ont.); Carrau, R.L.; Prevedello, D.M. (Columbus, Ohio); Gardner, P.A. (Pittsburgh, Pa.) 232 Author Index 233 Subject Index VI Contents

Section Title Editor s Note Volume 26 of the continuing series of Progress in Neurological Surgery indeed reveals one of the most innovative and game-changing modern evolutions of skull base surgery. Transsphenoidal techniques were first envisioned more than 100 years ago, but were hampered by lack of visualization and illumination. While traditional transsphenoidal surgery using microsurgical techniques blossomed in the 1970s and 1980s, the introduction of the expanded endoscopic approach in the 21st century has been a very powerful addition to an array of neurosurgical technologies. The expanded endoscopic method was facilitated by the revolution in image guidance using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the remarkable growth of endoscopic devices. This volume provides a broad overview of the expanding role of transsphenoidal approaches for a wide spectrum of skull base diseases. A number of centers across the world have been major innovators and adopters of endoscopic expanded techniques. These centers are well represented in the author list of this volume, which should serve as a potent reference for students and practitioners of neurosurgery. The endoscopic approach is firmly integrated within the modern multidisciplinary management of skull base tumors. I am grateful to the editors for their leadership in this volume, as well as to the many co-authors who have been willing to share their ever increasing experience with the readership of Progress in Neurological Surgery. L. Dade Lunsford, MD Pittsburgh, Pa. VII