Benchmarking the WSIS in Africa with particular reference to case studies in five African countries Mr. Makane Faye Officer-in-Charge ICT Policy Development Section ICT, Science and Technology Division United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
Contents Context Status of ICT Policy, access and use in Africa ECA s Role in ICT4D in Africa three focus areas Measuring ICT for Development SCAN-ICT Initiative Where are we? Status of WSIS and ICT Policy Implementation in Africa WSIS Action Lines 1 11 with reference to ECA WSIS survey and countries case studies in Ethiopia, Gambia, Cameroon, Morocco and Nigeria SCAN-ICT Survey Challenges and issues to measuring impact Conclusion
Status of ICT policy, access and usage in Africa ICT priority in many African countries By 2011, 45 adopted ICT policy 2 in the dev t process As of Sep 2011, with 620 million subscribers, Africa overtaken Latin America, making it the 2 nd largest mobile market in the World after Asia Pacific (GSMA and ATKearney 2011)) # of Internet subscribers grew by > 150 % in 2007 in several sub-saharan African countries although the continent remains to be one of those with the lowest penetration rate (9.6 % in 2010) Wireless broadband Internet access is growing faster than the fixed Broadband (in which penetration remains less than 1%) mainly driven by the growth in mobile phone technologies Between 2009 & 2011, 9 under sea cables landed in the African coasts with a cumulative capacity of 21.36 terabits Additional 19.2 terabits expected in 2012-2013 (African Under Sea Cables (2013) http://manypossibilities.net)
ECA Roles in ICT4D in Africa three focus areas ICT Policy and Strategy formulation and implementation Capacity building Promoting and Measuring Impact, Knowledge Sharing and Networking
Measuring ICTs for Development SCAN-ICT initiative ECA s SCAN-ICT initiative dates back to 2001 with first phase in five countries Ethiopia, Ghana, Morocco, Mozambique, Senegal and Uganda Followed by a second phase with more countries Botswana, Gambia, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Tunisia In recent years, with countries increasingly adopting sectoral e-strategies based on their ICT policy priorities, a more focused case studies are being carried out to assess and measure impact SCAN-ICT adapting international partnership core indicators in which this report has resulted
Status of WSIS and ICT policy implementation and measuring ICT4D in Africa Where are we?
The Role of Public Government Authorities and all Stakeholders in promoting ICT4D (C1) National policies Over 86% of the countries have national e-strategies By 2011, 45 adopted ICT policy 2 in the dev t process Investment in ICT infrastructure jumped from US$ 3.5 billion In 2000 to US$ 8 billion in 2008 Proportion of budget to ICT increased (Kenya 2.8% in 2009; Mali 2.26% in 2010; Mauritius 0.69% in 2010; Senegal spending around 5% of its budget since 2005; Morocco 2.7%)
The Role of Public Government Authorities and all Stakeholders in promoting ICT4D (C1) ICTs contribution to Morocco s economy can be evident from a revenue of 50 billion DH (or 6 billion US$), 7% of the GDP, 40,000 jobs; 2.7 % of the annual budget i.e. an average annual budget of 1 billion DH 35% Evolution de la part de l'investissement consacrée aux TIC - par secteur d'activité - (2008) 30% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 8% 9% 5% 3% 5% 0% Secteur technologique Secteur primaire Secteur industriel / Construction Secteur Services / transport In Cameroon, the trend in the contribution of the telecommunications sector to GDP was respectively 0.39 in 2000, 0.19% in 2002, 1.06% in 2005 and 0.64% in 2008. TOTAL
The Role of Public Government Authorities and all Stakeholders in promoting ICT4D (C1) - PPPs PPPs are also means of financing ICT4D activities in countries: Burundi PPP agreement signed with a consortium of five telecom operators (ONATEL, UCOM, AFRICEL, Econet Wireless and CABINET) on its fiber optic infrastructure Congo with CAB-ICT and WACS on infrastructure Gambia on Gambia Biometrix ID System Ghana all ICT4D programmes pursue PPPs models Madagascar GOTICOM (a group of telecom and ICToperators) Mauritius Community Empowerment Programme (CEP) Senegal ICT Incubators in Dakar and the regeneration of telecentres, etc. Sudan e-citizen initiative, PC for every family, Computer lab for every secondary school, E- community Service Centers,E-Government Support, National Records house support, University Digital Library support, Nuclear hospital support, University of Africa network Built and support
Information and communication infrastructure (C2) Universal access strategies available in most countries Community access points considered to promote access and exist in all countries Country Congo Madagascar Mali Mauritiu s Sudan PAIC/1000 5 0.18 1 0.09 0.004 Adequate and affordable ICT equip and services helps increase access E.g. Sudan Alzargaa manufacturing of handsets Ethiopia also started assembling low cost mobile handsets, namely Tana mobile Using local language Amharic and also in English (no. of mobile users jumped to 14.13 million subscribers in Dec 2011 in Ethiopia)
Information and communication infrastructure (C2).. Examples of ICT infrastructure targets Telecom service Ethiopia ICT access target Subscriber s status in 2005 Current subscribers as at Dec 2011 Mobile 410,630 14.13 million 40 million Planned target June 2015 Fixedline 610.300 829,008 2.05 million Internet and Data 113,00 177,685 3.69 million
Information and communication infrastructure (C2).. Cameroon aims to increase the fixed telephone density from 0.7% in 2005 to 30% in 2015; increase the mobile telephone density from 15% in 2005 to 50% in 2015 although target for mobile penetration is almost being attained as shown below:
Information and communication infrastructure (C2) Most countries are now connected to submarine fiber optic cables, the latest have landed in 2010, connecting Africa to the rest of the world, including TEAMs, Seacom, Lion, CAB, GLO-1. Most African countries have started implementing inter country connection programmes (see ECA connectivity map). Wholesale tariffs which were in 2008 at USD 2 000-10 000 for SAT3 cable and at USD 3,000-5,000 for satellite connection, have now fallen within the range of USD500-1,000.
Access to information and knowledge (C3) Policy or guideline for public domain information 73% of the countries surveyed have policy or guideline (e.g. Kenya s Freedom of Info Policy and Bill; Senegal s Law on Archives and Admn of docs) 73% of the countries surveyed have indicated they have put in place strategies to establish and promote Community ICT access points Ethiopia By June 2010 rural connectivity reached to 15,359 villages Cameroon Aims to provide 20,000 villages with modern telecom facilities by 2015
Access to information and knowledge (C3) contd Nigeria household survey shows that households with personal computers make up only 14.8% while those with internet facility 10.7%. Graph below shows that 4.2% had website as at 2010. With Radio and TV make up of 86.8 % and 89.5 % respectively. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Radio Television VCR/DVD Telephone Fixed Telephone Mobile Personal Computer Printer Scanner Internet Lagos 82 93 86 5.9 94.2 21 7.5 4.8 15.5 Bayelsa 81.4 90.5 81.8 1.4 95.9 14.5 6.8 5 8.6 Anambra 88.5 87.5 78.7 3.1 93.5 13.8 6.5 3.5 11.9 Osun 85.6 89.1 83.8 2 96.5 13.7 4.2 3.5 11.2 Kwara 86.1 87.9 72.2 0.7 96.7 8.4 2.9 2.2 5.5 Adamawa 87.7 84.7 74.9 6.3 93 17.5 9.5 8.8 14.3 Kaduna 92.2 90.3 79.8 1.2 96.5 11.2 3.5 3.1 8.4 Abuja 91.2 93.1 85.5 8.2 91.2 18.2 2 0.6 10.3
Capacity building (C4) Level of ICT integration in education and training Almost all countries have integrated ICT education in their schools at different levels (e.g.burkina Faso from senior school; Burundi in secondary schools, Congo at all levels; Gambia at higher level and plans to make it at all levels; Senegal mandated it from primary school) Countries with ICT in Education policy Benin, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya Mali, Mauritius and Nigeria ICT education and training skilled manpower development e.g. Ethiopia enrolled in 2010/11 academic year 13,393 student for undergraduate, 502 students for MSc programme and 72 for PhD programmes in various ICT fields
Capacity building (C4) Morocco s investment for ICT education and training shows increased interest in building human resource capacity 12% Evolution de la part du budget formation consacrée aux TIC - par secteur d'activité - (2008) 10% 10% 8% 6% 4% 4% 4% 2% 1% 2% 0% Secteur technologique Secteur primaire Secteur industriel / Construction Secteur Services / transport TOTAL
Capacity building (C4).. Mauritius Universal ICT Education Prog (UIEP) from 2006 Internet and Computing Core Certification (IC3) benchmarking digital literacy/prof in Mauritius students, employees, non-employees and the pop at large; 45 hours duration; computer labs in 55 state sec schools; content include basic computing, appli and living online; certifies 41 hrs of attendance; over 116,594 trained on IC3 Cyber Caravan Project With 9 to 10 computers connected to the Internet; training offers to children, students, unemployed, women, private sector staff, planters, farmers and senior citizens in all regions; training is held in social welfare centres, community centres;
Capacity building (C4).. Senegal the Computer initiatives One computer for a student - Centres of computers (second hand) in schools with Internet access in the framework of the project for recycling computers.. One computer for a teacher - Online training in the universities Sudan Ministry of Communication and Information Technology approved the Sudan ICT Driving License Certificate programme
Building confidence and security in the use of ICTs (C5) Cyber-security laws Among countries surveyed 40% have cyber-security laws in place and another 40% are in the process of transposing the CDEAO and UEMOA text/guideline or developing one. Only 20% have not yet initiated. Countries with Cyber-security laws Benin, Egypt, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan and Zambia Cyber-security convention A draft convention on cyber security prepared by ECA with AUC being reviewed by RECs to be tabled before AU Heads of State and Government Summit in July 2012
Building confidence and security in the use of ICTs (C5) Act on Privacy and Personal Data Protection and creation of the related institution and organs: Burkina Faso Guidelines for preventing, detecting and responding to cybercrime Gambia, Ghana, Mauritius, Niger, Senegal and Sudan (established CERT Cyber Crime Court) Level of deployment of security systems in public and private sectors to combat cybercrime is low; Level of awareness in the country of ICT-related security issues generally law
Enabling environment (C6) Policy, regulatory and legal reforms to promote ICT4D New legal and regulatory envts created in many countries - Guinea (e-trans laws), Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Senegal and Sudan (e-transaction law 2007); Mali and Niger developing one Guideline on privacy and data and consumer protection - Gambia, Mauritius (Data prot Act 2004 - http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/telecomit/files/dpa04.doc), Senegal and Sudan; Congo, Kenya, Niger and Ghana are developing one Policy to promote open, interoperable, non-discriminatory ICT standards Burundi created norms for the ICT sector Ghana Interoperability Framework
Enabling environment (C6) Internet related laws and governance No specific internet related laws and governance in most countries, some indicated where it is dealt with only Burkina Faso has some specific legislations: - Burkina Faso six texts have been elaborated in 2006 (including e-transaction, management of DNS) adopted and penal code for intellectual property right is in progress) - Congo elaboration in progress - Gambia included in the IC Act 2009 - Ghana incorporated in the e-transaction act of 2008
Enabling environment (C6) Impact of legal and regulatory on the ICT on ICT industry Tax exception mobile tel increased its usage in Burkina Faso; Liberalisation in Burundi opened up the market for 6 mobile operators, 6 ISPs,20s radio transmitters, comm cost reduced..; Liberalisation in Gambia attracted 4 mobile operators with more accessibility and improved service; In Ghana, it created confidence, predictability ease, investment increased, dispute resolution measures, and expanding infrastructure, etc. Initiatives to promote SMEs participations The implementation of E-commerce in Burkina Faso promotes SMEs ICT parks in Gambia in progress
ICT Applications (C7) e-government 2011 ECA WSIS survey results of the new e-gov indicators 120 100 80 60 40 20 Burundi Congo Gambia Guinea Mali Mauritius Sudan 0 % of persons employed in central govt inst routinely using computers % of persons employed in central govt inst routinely using Internet % of central govt inst with a LAN connecting at least two computers % of central govt inst with an Intranet % of central govt inst with Internet access by type of access (narrowband, broadband) % of central govt inst with a web presence % of central govt inst offering data services targeted to mobile phone users % of central govt inst offering online services by level of sophistication of service (i.e. interactive, transactional, connected)
ICT Applications (C7) e-government.. Morocco s e-government implementation Morocco Government Web Site (mostly static/informational): 287 corresponding to 68% of public offices/entities having a web page A few good success stories including efes, e- Customs, Maroc Tele Commerce, CNSS, e-budget, digital passport, digital driving license, etc.
ICT Applications e-government.. Ethiopia s e-government implementation Ethiopia E-government infrastructure In phase one, the project covers 34 institutions with services such as messaging and collaboration, VC, VOIP and Internet services. The network has a total capacity of connecting 7000 PCs to facilitate e-government services Second phase involving 15 institutions launched as of March 2012
ICT Applications e-business The Gambia SCAN-ICT survey shows small but growing e-business activity Distribution of business by whether they make sale and/or purchases via Internet
ICT Applications e-business Nigeria SCAN-ICT survey shows overall 36.6% of businesses using Internet while those involved in product delivery online make up 17.9% Baseline Indicators Abuja Adamaw a Anambra Bayelsa Kaduna Kwara Osun Lagos Total Country Average % of businesses that use computer % of business with Internet connectivity % of businesses that perform online transaction % of businesses using ICTs for customer service 56 29 48.2 37 88.8 34 22.3 59.8 375.1 46.9 46.5 50 14.3 37.5 70 23.3 11.7 39.4 292.7 36.6 19 0 1.8 25 56.3 23 4.9 18.5 148.5 18.6 22.6 13 5.4 12.5 41.3 20 9.7 18.5 143 17.9
ICT Application - e-education (e-learning) Nigeria s SCAN-ICT shows that most schools in the eight states surveyed had computers as at 2010. Baseline Indicators Abuja Adamawa Anambra Bayelsa Kaduna Kwara Osun Lagos Total Country Average Percentage of schools with computer 76.9 60 56.5 90 92.6 83.3 50 81.3 500.6 62.575 Percentage of school with internet connectivity 0 50 25 18 20.4 70 26.2 41,9 191.6 23.95 Percentage of school with web site 0 0 0 83 13.9 14.5 111.4 13.925
Baseline Indicators ICT Application e-health Nigeria SCAN-ICT survey shows overall 69.3% of health institutions using computers and 40.9% have internet connectivity as at 2010 % of health institutions with computers Abuja Adamaw a Anambra Bayelsa Kaduna Kwara Osun Lagos Total Country Average 100 60 55 100 80 33.3 25.9 100 554.2 69.3 % of health institutions with Internet connectivity % of health institutions that receive orders through Internet % of health institutions that placed orders through Internet 50 20 27.5 100 26.7 33.3 14.8 54.8 327.1 40.9 16.7 10 13.3 0 0 20 0 8.0 51.3 6.4 16.7 0 13.3 100 0 20 0 8.0 158 19.8
ICT Application e-health.. The Gambia SCAN-ICT survey shows that 53% of health institutions that have Internet have established internal LANs/Wireless LANs, while 8 institutions connected to Internet vial LANs/Wireless LANs, 3 institutions accessing Internet via VPN and 4 organisations use dial-up access Distribution of health institutions by type of Internet connectivity
Cultural diversity, identity, linguistic diversity and local content (C8) Proportion of Internet users by language Burundi (80% French) Madagascar (99% French, 0.5% English, 0.5 in Malagasy) Proportion of webpages by language Gambia - all websites in English (official lang) Madagascar (95% French, 5% Malagasy) Initiatives support for software in loc language Madagascar ICT vocabulary in Malagasy (2005) Bamanan website in Mali for agriculturists http://www.jekabaara.org Sudan content devt - www.nicsudan.gov.sd
Ethical dimensions of the Information Society (C10) ICT policies promote the ethical dimension of the use of ICTs in most countries In Burkina Faso, Burundi, Sudan it is stated in the national policy Based on the Child Online Saftey Action Plan,Mauritius launched sensitisation campaign for children, parents and the public; As of Feb 2011, the govt of Mauritius implemented the Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Online Content Filtering System Not in many countries that academic community involved in research on ethical dimension of the information society
International and regional cooperation (C11) A number of ICT4D initiatives in countries involve a range of international and regional partners from governments, to private sector, the African Union and African Regional Economic Communities (RECs) - ECOWAS, WAMU, SADC, EAC, COMESA, CEMAC, ECCAS. ICT4ALL in Tunis, where we participated in a workshop on Measuring the Information Society Several panel discussions on Youth and ICT: a Source of Inspiration, Innovation and Entrepreneurship
International and regional cooperation (C11) ECOWAS Supplementary Acts on personal data protection; on Electronic Transactions; and Directive on fight against cybercrime were adopted in 2010 Development of E-SADC Strategy framework Development of EAC e-government framework Following AU Summit of HoS in January 2010 in Addis, we are working on an African Convention on Cyber security and e-transactions Workshop on ICT4D for SADC Ambassadors Workshop on e-diplomacy for African Ambassadors and Internet Governance for regional institutions, April 2011
Challenges and issues to measuring impact Lack of awareness and capacity among NSOs of the role of ICT4D and measuring impact Lack of systematic data collection processes The cross-sectoral nature of ICT making it difficult to coordinate data collection
Conclusion With the increasing penetration of ICTs particularly of the mobile, citizens access to public services and information is improving as evident from several countries experience ranging from mobile-based applications of public services to mobile-based market information to smallholder farmers; Development of e-legislation both at regional and national level is increasing confidence in the use of ICTs in several socio-economic sectors; Countries are recognising the importance of ICT indicators to monitor and measure impact as interest grows for more investment; There is a need to promote a multi-stakeholder approach to measuring ICT4D and WSIS action lines.
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