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South Carolina Databank............................. ii South Carolina Atlas................................ iv About Your Textbook.............................. xviii Social Studies: Why It Matters...................... xxii

UNIT 1 The Land of South Carolina 1 CHAPTER 1 South Carolina Geography 2 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question... 2 Lesson 1 Core Land and Water... 4 Extend Geography Rivers of South Carolina... 8 Map and Globe Skills Review Map Skills...10 Lesson 2 Core Regions and Resources... 12 Chapter 1 Review... 16

UNIT 2 CHAPTER 2 Colonists and a New Country 18 Settling South Carolina 20 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Predict and Infer... 20 Lesson 1 Core Three Early Communities... 22 Lesson 2 Core Early Explorers... 26 Graph and Chart Skills Interpret and Make a Timeline...30 Lesson 3 Core An English Colony... 32 Lesson 4 Core Colonial Life in South Carolina... 36 Extend History Gullah Culture... 40 Chapter 2 Review... 42 CHAPTER 3 The American Revolution 44 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Summarize... 44 Lesson 1 Core The Road to Independence... 46 Lesson 2 Core Battleground South Carolina... 50 Map and Globe Skills Use a Map Grid...54 Lesson 3 Core A New Nation, A New State... 56 Extend Citizenship The Right to Vote... 60 Chapter 3 Review... 62

UNIT 3 CHAPTER 4 A Time of Change 64 A Growing State 66 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Monitor and Clarify... 66 Lesson 1 Core King Cotton... 68 Chart and Graph Skills Read a Line Graph...72 Lesson 2 Core South Carolina in the 1800s... 74 Extend History Living in Charleston... 78 Chapter 4 Review... 80 CHAPTER 5 A Nation Divided 82 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question... 82 Lesson 1 Core North and South... 84 Extend Economics North and South... 88 Lesson 2 Core The War in South Carolina... 90 Graph and Chart Skills Read a Diagram...94 Lesson 3 Core Rebuilding South Carolina... 96 Chapter 5 Review...100

UNIT 4 CHAPTER 6 Modern South Carolina 102 A Changing State 104 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Predict and Infer...104 Lesson 1 Core The Early 1900s...106 Lesson 2 Core South Carolina in War and Peace...110 Reading and Thinking Skills Choose the Right Source... 114 Lesson 3 Core The Struggle for Equality...116 Extend Biography Civil Rights Leaders... 120 Chapter 6 Review...122 CHAPTER 7 South Carolina Today 124 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Summarize...124 Lesson 1 Core Rights and Responsibilities...126 Citizenship Skills Resolve Conflicts... 130 Lesson 2 Core State and Local Government...132 Extend Readers Theater A Tour of the State Capitol...136 Lesson 3 Core South Carolinians at Work...140 Chapter 7 Review...144

UNIT 5 CHAPTER 8 The South Your Region 146 Exploring the South 148 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Monitor and Clarify...148 Lesson 1 Core Land and Climate...150 Map and Globe Skills Use a Special Purpose Map... 154 Lesson 2 Core Resources and Economy...156 Extend Economics Making Choices...160 Chapter 8 Review...162 CHAPTER 9 Living in the South 164 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question...164 Lesson 1 Core What s Special About the Upper South...166 Lesson 2 Core What s Special About the Lower South...170 Study Skills Write a Report... 174 Lesson 3 Core Many Regions, One Nation...176 Extend Primary Sources National Symbols... 180 Chapter 9 Review...182

References Citizenship Handbook... 184 Pledge of Allegiance... R2 Songs of Our Nation... R4 Documents of our Nation... R8 Character Traits...R10 South Carolina Counties...R12 Governors of South Carolina...R18 Resources Geographic Terms...R74 Atlas...R76 Gazetteer...R90 Glossary...R93 Index...R96 Acknowledgments...R103 South Carolina Documents...R21 Biographical Dictionary...R22 U.S. Databank...R24 xv

Extend Lessons Connect the core lessons to an important concept and dig into it. Extend your social studies knowledge! Skill Lessons Review Map Skills 10 Use a Map Grid 54 Use a Special Purpose Map 154 Rivers of South Carolina 8 A Tour of the State Capitol 136 Interpret and Make a Timeline 30 Read a Line Graph 72 Read a Diagram 94 Gullah Culture 40 Living in Charleston 78 Write a Report 174 North and South 88 Making Choices 160 Resolve Conflicts 130 Choose the Right Source 114 The Right to Vote 60 Civil Rights Leaders 120 National Symbols 180 Cause and Effect 36, 50, 68, 106, 170 Compare and Contrast 22, 84, 132 Sequence 26, 90, 100, 110 Problem and Solution 116 Main Idea and Details 4, 56, 74, 140, 166 Draw Conclusions 32, 96, 176 Categorize 12, 126, 156

Sassafras Mountain Visual Learning Become skilled at reading visuals. Graphs, maps, and timelines help you put all of the information together. South Carolina, political iv South Carolina, physical v South Carolina Landforms 5 South Carolina 10 Regions of South Carolina 13 South Carolina Cities and Rivers 17 South Carolina Indian Nations 23 Expedition Routes 28 Albemarle Point 32 Revolutionary War Battles 53 Downtown Columbia 55 Downtown Charleston 63 The Union and the Confederacy 86 Coastal South Carolina 91 The Great Migration 108 South Carolina Counties 134 South Carolina Resources 142 The South 151 Precipitation in the United States 154 Crystal Lake Beach 163 Transportation in the Upper South 167 Lower South Precipitation 171 United States Interstate Highways 177 Greenville Broad River Lords Proprietors 33 Cotton Production in the South, 1800 1860 73 Large Plantations in the South, 1860 75 Population of South Carolina, 1800 1860 81 Railroad Equipment Made in the U.S., 1861 88 Cloth Made in the U.S., 1861 88 Total Value of South Carolina Farms, 1860 1900 98 Mills and Mill Workers in South Carolina 107 Some Rights Protected by the Bill of Rights 127 Rights and Responsibilities 128 Three Branches of State Government 133 Goods and Services from Natural Resources 157 Cotton-Related Jobs in the South 158 The H.L. Hunley 94 Batteries 101 Interpret and Make a Timeline 30 Chapter Preview Timelines 20, 44, 66, 82, 104 Lesson Timelines 22, 26, 32, 36, 46, 50, 56, 68, 74, 90, 96, 106, 110, 116, Lesson Review Timelines 29, 35, 39, 49, 53, 59, 87, 99, 109, 113, 119 Chapter Review Timelines 43, 63, 81, 101, 123 LEGEND Capital city City Mountains Hills Plains River Highest point Savannah River Saluda River Enoree River South Carolina Wateree River NORTH CAROLINA GEORGIA SOUTH CAROLINA Columbia N. Fork Edisto River S. Fork Edisto River Salkehatchie River Coosawhatchie River Black Lynches Creek Charleston River Pee Dee River Santee River Cooper River Little Pee Dee River km 0 50 100 W ATLANTIC OCEAN N S E Number of jobs 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 Cotton-related Jobs in the South AL AR GA LA MS NC OK SC TN TX State mi 0 50 100

How It s Organized Units The major sections of your book are units. Each starts with a big idea. How did South Carolina change in the 1800s? I have... believed from the first that... the subject of slavery will... end in disunion. John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun 1782 1850 A lawyer from Abbeville, John C. Calhoun became one of the most famous members of Congress in the 1800s, and served as a Vice President. page 86 Sarah Grimke 1792 1873 Sarah Grimke and her sister Angelina worked to end slavery. The Grimke sisters also tried to gain more opportunities for women. page 85 Robert Smalls 1839 1916 After escaping slavery and fighting in the Civil War, Robert Smalls served five terms as South Carolina s representative in Congress. page 91 64 Unit 3 65 Chapters Units are divided into chapters, and each opens with a vocabulary preview. Vocabulary Preview Get ready for reading. The American Revolution e glossary e word games www.eduplace.com/kids/hmss/ Summarize As you read, use the summarize strategy to focus on important ideas. Review the main ideas. Then look for important details that support the main idea. Four important concepts get you started. tax To get money from the American colonies, the British government put a tax on goods, such as tea. These taxes upset many colonists. page 46 ED: last line is OM. Please cut. delegate Delegates from South Carolina spoke for their fellow colonists when the Declaration of Independence was written. page 48 patriot Christopher Gadsden was a Patriot from South Carolina. He did not want the colonies to be ruled by the British. page 50 democracy The U.S. Constitution is a written plan for our country s democracy. In a democracy, people have a say in how their government is run. page 59 Chapter Timeline 1774 First Continental Congress 1776 Declaration of Independence 1780 Victory at Cowpens 1783 Treaty of Paris 1787 U.S. Constitution 1770 1775 1780 1785 1790 44 Unit 2 45

Core and Extend Lessons The lessons in your book have two parts: core and extend. Core Lessons Lessons bring social studies to life and help you meet your state s standards. Extend Lessons Go deeper into an important topic. Primary Sources Core Lesson Vocabulary strategies help with word meanings. Before you read, use your prior knowledge. VOCABULARY blockade emancipation READING SKILL Sequence As you read, list the important events of the Civil War in the order that they occurred. First Next Last The War in South Carolina Build on What You Know Did you ever start a job that grew harder as you went along? At the start of the Civil War, both sides thought they could win easily. They soon learned that winning would not be easy. The War Begins Main Idea: South Carolina played an important part in the Civil War. Main ideas for sections state what is important. Reading skills support your understanding of the text. Fort Sumter People in Charleston could easily see the shells exploding in the fort. On April 12, 1861, Confederate soldiers fired on Fort Sumter. It was a Union fort in Charleston Harbor. The firing on Fort Sumter was the start of the Civil War. Confederate soldiers fired on the fort for 34 hours. Finally, the Union The soldiers War surrendered. Ends After the battle, thousands of men In in 1865, South after Carolina four and years of hard other southern states joined fighting, the Confederate the Confederacy army. could not fight anymore. The leader of the Confederate Army was General Robert E. Lee. He surrendered to the leader of the Union army, General Ulysses S. Grant. The Civil War was over. What were some hardships in South Carolina caused by the Civil War? Lesson Summary South Carolina was an important state in the Civil War. The Union won control of the South Carolina coast after blockading Charleston Harbor. While soldiers fought, the lives of women and enslaved Africans changed. The war ended with the defeat of the Confederacy. Why It Matters... Because the North won the Civil War, the United States remained one country and slavery was ended. 90 Chapter 5 Practice summarizing the lesson. Studying social studies means asking why ideas are important to remember. After you read, pull it together! 1861 Civil War begins 1 VOCABULARY Write a short paragraph about what happened at Charleston Harbor during the Civil War. Use the word blockade. 2 READING SKILL What was the sequence of key events in South Carolina during the Civil War? 3 MAIN IDEA: Geography Why was the South Carolina coast so important during the war? 4 MAIN IDEA: History What act did Lincoln take to end slavery in the Confederacy? Surrender Lee surrendered on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. 1861 Charleston Harbor Blockade 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 5 TIMELINE SKILL: How many years did the Civil War last? 6 CRITICAL THINKING: Conclude Why was the support of women important to the HANDS ON HANDS ON 1864 1865 Sherman s march Civil War ends war effort in the South? RESEARCH ACTIVITY Find out about a Civil War battle that took place in South Carolina. Write a short description of that battle. Make a map showing where it happened. 93