TX-081st First Year Cadet Study Guide Name: Flight:

TX-081st First Year Cadet Study Guide Name: Flight: 1

*TX-081 st CHAIN OF COMMAND TX-081 Corps Commander Deputy Corps Commander Eagle Squadron Commander Falcon Squadron Commander Director of Staff Superintendent My Flight Commander My Flight Sergeant My Element Leader Principal Abilene High School 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: Introduction to AFJROTC History *Mission Goals *Behavioral Policies Cadet Creed *TX-081 st Chant CHAPTER 2: Memory Work *Air Force Chain of Command *Rank Insignia *Seven Responses Phonetic Alphabet CHAPTER 3: Custom and Courtesies Rendering Courtesies CHAPTER 4: Drill and Ceremonies *Terms *Individual/Flight Drill Ceremonies 3

CHAPTER 5: Uniform Wear *Cadet Dress and Appearance CHAPTER 6: Historical Facts Did You Know *All items in this pamphlet that are marked with an asterisk (*) are required knowledge for earning your first rank. 4

CHAPTER 1 INTROUCTION TO AIR FORCE JUNIOR ROTC History The Junior ROTC program began in 1911 in Cheyenne, Wyoming. The father of this idea was Army Lieutenant Edgar R. Steevers, who was assigned the duty of inspectorinstructor of the organized military of Wyoming. His program aimed toward making better citizens rather than soldier. He wanted to teach boys the advantages of a strong body and a clean mind, the value of self-control and restraint, civic duties, and responsibilities. The National Defense Act of 1916 authorized a junior course for non-college military schools, high schools, and other non-preparatory schools. The Army implemented Junior ROTC in 1916. Public Law 88-647, commonly known as the Reserve Officer Training Corps Vitalization Act of 1964, directed the secretaries of each military service to establish and maintain Junior ROTC units at public and private secondary schools which apply and are eligible according to the regulations established by each secretary. Such schools must provide a course of military instruction not less than 3 years in length as prescribed by the military department concerned. With a modest beginning of 20 units in 1966, Air Force Junior ROTC has grown to over 600 units throughout the world, with an enrollment of over 91,000 cadets. Only boys were allowed as cadets in 1966, but in 1972, 2,170 females were admitted, making up 9 percent of the corps. Since then the number of females has increased to over 38,500; 42 percent of the cadet corps. HQ AFJROTC ensures schools are selected upon the basis of fair and equitable distribution, throughout the nation. Each AFJROTC unit must maintain an enrollment of at least 100 physically fit students or 10 percent of the school enrollment, whichever is less. By law, only retired officers and noncommissioned officers (NCOs) are authorized to be instructors. 5

*Mission The mission of AFJROTC is to develop citizens of character dedicated to serving their nation and community. GOALS The goals of the program are to instill values of citizenship, service to the United States, personal responsibility, and a sense of accomplishment in high school. OBJECTIVES The objectives of AFJROTC are to educate and train high school cadets in citizenship; promote community service; instill responsibility, character, and self-discipline; and provide instruction in air and space fundamentals. *BEHAVIORAL POLICIES It is impossible to provide a complete set of rules that covers all situations. In general, cadets are expected to be honest, courteous, and respectful at all times. The below list of behaviors is only a guide and not in any way all-inclusive. - Hazing- any type of physical or mental abuse and punishment--is strictly prohibited and will not be tolerated. - Harassment of other cadets will not be tolerated, whether it is sexual, racial, or religious in nature. - Proper military courtesy is expected from cadets at all times when in uniform. This includes proper salutes and a respectful manner when dealing with cadets who are senior in command or an instructor. - Insubordination or disrespect will not be tolerated. 6

- Unsafe practices will not be tolerated. Think safety all day every day. Cadets will not engage in horseplay such as hitting, slapping, sparring, or wrestling. - Close physical contact on or off campus such as holding hands, cuddling, embracing, kissing, and any other public display of affection is not allowed in uniform or in the JROTC area. - Athletic shoes (preferably running or walking) will be worn at all times during Physical training. - We will not lie, steal, or cheat nor tolerate among us anyone that does. (Cadet Honor Code). - The use of tobacco or alcohol products is prohibited; use or discovery of will result in release from school (Nicorette patch/gum) - The use of or discovery of mind altering nonprescription drugs will result in immediate dismissal from JROTC. - Cadets may be disenrolled for failure to maintain acceptable AFJROTC and TX-081 standards which include but are not limited to proper attitude, academic excellence, appearance, and integrity. 7

THE AIR FORCE JUNIOR ROTC CADET CREED I am an Air Force Junior ROTC Cadet I am connected and faithful to every Corps of Cadets who serve their community and nation with patriotism. I earn respect when I uphold the Core Values of Integrity First, Service Before Self, and Excellence in All We Do. I will always conduct myself to bring credit to my family, school, Corps of Cadets, community, and to myself. My character defines me. I will not lie, cheat, or steal. I am accountable for my actions and deeds. I will hold others accountable for their actions as well. I will honor those I serve with, those who have gone before me, and those who will come after me. I am a Patriot, a Leader, and a Wingman devoted to those I follow, serve, and lead. I am an Air Force Junior ROTC Cadet. 8

*TX-081 st Chant Leader: Texas 81st, ARE YOU MOTIVATED? Response: MOTIVATED, MOTIVATED DOWN RIGHT DEDICATED READY TO BE EDUCATED YOU CHECK US OUT YOU CHECK US OUT HOORAH SIR/MAM Anyone: HOORAH!!! 9

CHAPTER 2 MEMORY WORK *AIR FORCE CHAIN OF COMMAND President of the United States Barack H. Obama (Commander in Chief) Secretary of the Air Force (SAF) Ms. Deborah Lee James Chief of Staff of the Air Force (CSAF) General David L. Goldfein Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force(CMSAF) Chief Master Sgt. James Cody Secretary of Defense Honorable Ashton Carter Secretary of State Honorable John Kerry Senior Aerospace Science Instructor (SASI) Lieutenant Colonel Robert Davidson Aerospace Science Instructor (ASI) Chief Master Sgt. Thomas Sokolnicki 10

RANK INSIGNIA This section contains information on the Air Force rank insignia and Air Force Junior ROTC cadet insignia. Air Force Rank Insignia 11

*Cadet Rank Insignia 12

*SEVEN RESPONSES: All CADETS WILL MAKE USE OF THESE SEVEN RESPONSES DURING ANY MILITARY ORGANIZATION OR CEREMONY: 1. Yes ma am or sir 2. No ma am or sir 3. Sir or ma am I do not know but I will find out. 4. Sir or ma am may I ask a question? 5. Sir or ma am may I make a statement? 6. Sir or ma am there are no excuses. 7. Sir or ma am I do not understand Phonetic Alphabet: Alpha Juliet Sierra Bravo Kilo Tango Charlie Lima Uniform Delta Mike Victor Echo November Whiskey Foxtrot Oscar X-Ray Golf Papa Yankee Hotel Quebec Zulu India Romeo 13

CHAPTER 3 CUSTOMS AND COURTESIES Rendering Courtesies Saluting: When outdoors and in uniform, all cadets must render the military hand salute to officers (with the right hand), with the junior member (you) saluting first. Salute all commissioned and warrant officers of the U. S. Armed Forces and officers of friendly foreign nations. To salute, you must be either standing or marching at attention. Turn your head and eyes towards the officer, salute and extend a verbal greeting ( Good morning, sir, Good Afternoon, Ma am ). You are not required to stop to salute if passing an officer. Ensure you begin the salute in time for the officer to return the salute before passing. Quite often, saluting considerations are dictated by the situation. Being able to identify and salute an officer should not be a problem if you follow the guidance your instructors have given you. To help you know when to salute, take the following into consideration:. - If outdoors in an informal group with no one in charge the first person to see the officer approach calls the group to attention, and all members of the group salute. - If part of formal group, usually in formation, the person in charge calls them to attention (if not at attention) and salutes for all members of the group. - When on work details, you may be in charge of group. If so, you must salute for all members of the group while others continue to work. 14

- If working as part of a detail and an officer addresses you personally, come to attention and salute, at both the beginning and end of the conversation. Saluting Courtesies to the U.S. Flag: When outdoors and in uniform, the U. S. flag passes by, stand at attention, salute six paces before the flag is even with you and hold your salute until the flag is six paces past you. When in civilian clothes, stand at attention and place your right hand over your heart. A male wearing a hat will remove his hat and hold it in his right hand over his heart. Females do not have to remove their hats. Flags on stationary flagstaffs are only saluted during Reveille, Retreat, or special ceremonies. Courtesies to Reveille, Retreat, To the Colors, or the National Anthem: When outdoors and in uniform, when you hear the sounding of reveille or retreat, face the flag if visible, or face the music and stand at Parade Rest. Following these songs you will either hear the National Anthems or To the Colors. On the first note of these songs, stand at attention and salute. Drop your salute after the last note of these songs in played. Exceptions to Saluting: There are several exceptions to saluting. The following situations by no means address every possible situation. Exercise good judgment when confronted with all situations. - If your arms are full, you do not have to salute; simply extend a verbal greeting. Always try to keep things in your left hand if possible so you can salute. - If an officer s arms are full, but yours are not, extend a verbal greeting and salute. Once the officer acknowledges your salute or passes you, drop your salute. 15

- Do not salute indoors, except during formal report, and during some ceremonies. - Salutes are not required if either person is in civilian clothing. You may salute if you recognize the officer. General Courtesies: All cadets must, out of sense of pride and dedication, render the appropriate courtesies when we hear our Air Force song. - When outdoors, stand or march at the position of attention, from the first to last note of the music. Do not salute during the Air Force Song. - Render the same courtesy to sister services' songs. - You must extend courtesies to everyone whether enlisted, officer, or civilian. - Address civilian personnel as sir, ma'am, Mr., Mrs., or Ms., as applicable. - Junior enlisted or officers walk/sit to the left of individuals senior in grade. Senior enlisted and officers enter a vehicle or aircraft last and leave first, except for those individuals performing tasks required for the operation of the vehicle or aircraft. - When an officer enters a room, the first person to see the officer calls the room to attention unless there is an officer of equal or higher rank already in the room. 16

- Upon the officer's departure, call the room to attention, unless an officer of equal or higher rank remains in the room. - If by yourself, do not call the room to attention; however, you must stand up and assume the position of attention. 17

CHAPTER 4 DRILL AND CEREMONIES Introduction Drill consists of certain movements by which the flight or squadron is moved in an orderly manner from one formation to another or from one place to another. The task of each person is to learn the movement and execute each part in accordance with Air Force Instruction (AFI) 36-2203. Terms The following are the most common terms referred to when teaching, demonstrating, and executing drill. Alignment - Dress and cover Base - The element on which a movement is planned, regulated, or aligned. Cadence - The uniform step and rhythm in marching, that is the number of steps marched per minute. *Cover - Individuals aligning themselves directly behind the person to their immediate front while maintaining proper distance. *Distance - The space from front to rear between units. The distance between individuals in formation is 40 inches as measured from their chests to the backs of individuals directly in front of them. 18

Double-time - The rate of marching 180 steps (30 inches in length) per minute. *Dress - Alignment of elements placed side by side or in line while maintaining proper interval. Element - The basic formation: that is, the smallest drill unit comprised of at least 3, but usually 8 to 12 individuals, one of whom is designated the element leader. Flight - At least two, but no more than four, elements. Formation - An arrangement of units. Guide - The cadet designated to regulate the direction and rate of march. In Column (formation) - The arrangement of units side by side with the guide and element leaders to the head (front). In Line (formation) - the arrangement of units one behind the other with the guide and element leader to the extreme right flank. *Interval - The space between individuals placed side by side. Normal interval is one arm length. Close interval is 4 inches. Inverted Column (formation) - The arrangement of units placed side by side with the guide and element leaders to the rear. 19

Inverted Line (formation) - The arrangement of units one behind the other with the guide and element leaders to the extreme left flank. Pace - A step of 24 inches. This is the length of a full step in quick time. Quick time - The rate of marching at 100 to 120 steps (12 or 24 inches in length) per minute. Rank - A single line of persons place side by side. Slow time - The rate of marching at 60 steps per minute (used in funeral ceremonies) Step - The distance measured from heel to heel between the feet of an individual marching. Unit - Any portion of a given formation. 20

Individual/Flight Drill The following drill sequence will be used to evaluate cadets and their flights. It is referred to as 30 Count. 1. Fall In 11. Forward March 21. Ready Front 2. Open Ranks March 12. Right Flank March 22. Column Right March 3. Ready Front 13. Left Flank March 23. Forward March 4. Close Ranks March 14. Column Right March 24. Change Step March 5. Present Arms 15. Forward March 25. Column Right March 6. Order Arms 16. To the Rear March 26. Forward March 7. Parade Rest 17. To the Rear March 27. Flight Halt 8. Flight Attention 18. Column Right March 28. Left Face 9. Left Face 19. Forward March 29. Right Step March 10. About Face 20. Eyes Right 30. Flight Halt Each cadet is responsible for knowing how to perform each movement listed in the drill sequence. The following are brief instructions on the mechanics of each movement. Refer to AFI 36-2203 and AFJROTC Drill and Ceremonies book for further instructions by word and picture. *Position of Attention Bring the heels together smartly and on line. Place heels as near each other as the conformation of the body permits, and ensure the feet are turned out equally, forming a 45-degree angle. Keep the legs straight without stiffening or locking the knees. The upper portion of the body is erect with hips level, chest lifted, back arched, and shoulders square and even. Arms hang straight down alongside the body keeping the wrists straight with the forearms. Place thumbs, which are resting along the first joint of the forefinger, along the seams of the pants. Hands are cupped with palms facing the leg. Head and eyes are facing forward. Remain silent and immobile. 21

*Parade Rest The Command is Parade, Rest. On the command Rest, raise left foot from the hip just enough to clear the ground and move it smartly to the left so the heels are 12 inches apart. Keep the legs straight, but not stiff, and the heels on line. As the legs moves, bring the arms, fully extended, to the back of the body, uncupping the hands in the process; and extend and join the fingers, pointing them towards the ground. The palms will face outwards. Place the right hand in the palm of the left, right thumb over the left to form an "X". Head and eyes are facing forward. Remain silent and immobile. * Right (Left) Face The command is Right (Left) Face. On the command Face, raise the right (left) toe and left (right) heel slightly and pivot 90-degrees to the right (left) on the ball of the left (right) foot and the heel of the right (left) foot, assisted by slight pressure on the ball of the left (right) foot. Keep legs straight, but not stiff. The upper portion of the body remains at the position of attention. Next, bring the left (right) foot smartly forward, ensuring heels are together and on line. Feet will form a 45-degree angle. *About Face The command is About Face. On the command Face, lift the right foot from the hip just enough to clear the ground. Without bending the knees, place the ball of the right foot approximately half a shoe length behind and slightly to the left of the heel of the left foot. Distribute the weight of the body on the ball of the right foot and the heel of the left foot. Keep both legs straight, but not stiff. The position of the left foot has not changed. While keeping the upper portion of the body at attention, pivot 180-degrees to the right on the ball of the right foot and heel of the left foot, with a twisting motion from the hips. Suspend arm swing during the movement. Upon completion of the pivot, heels should be together and on line and feet will form a 45-degree angle. *Present Arms The commands are Present Arms, Order Arms. For Present Arms, bring the right hand smartly up the front and centerline of the body, uncupping the hand as it passes the waist. Extend and join fingers placing the thumb along the forefinger. Keep the palm flat and form a straight line between the fingertips and 22

elbow. Tilt the palm slightly towards the face while holding the upper arm horizontal and slightly forward. Ensure the tip of the middle finger touches one the following contact points: - Right front corner of a billed hat - Outside corner, right front of glasses if wearing cap without bill or no cap - Outside corner of the right eyebrow if wearing a non-billed cap or no cap. The remainder of the body remains at attention. Upon receiving the commander Order Arms, smartly lower the hand, retracing the path used to raise it, recupping the hand as it passes the waist. *Forward March The commands are Forward March, Flight Halt. On the command of March, smartly step off straight-ahead with the left foot, taking a 24-inch step placing the heel on the ground first. When stepping off and while marching, use coordinated arm swing; that is, right arm forward with the left leg and left arm forward with the right leg. The hands will be cupped with thumbs pointed down, and arms will hang straight, but not stiff, and will swing naturally. The swing of the arms will be measured 6-inches to the front and 3-inches to the rear of the leg. Maintain dress, cover, interval, and cover as well as adhere to cadence as follows: counts one and three are given as the heels of the left foot strikes the ground, and counts two and four are given as the heel of the right foot strikes the ground. To halt, the command is Flight Halt (given on either foot). Take one more 24- inch step and bring the trailing foot forward, alongside of the front foot. The heels will be together, on line, and feet will form a 45-degree angle. Right (Left) Step The commands are Right (Left) Step March, Flight Halt. On the command March, raise the right (left) leg from the hip just enough to clear the ground, keeping the leg straight. Place the right (left) foot 12 inches to the right (left) of the left (right) foot. Transfer the weight of the body to the right (left) foot, and 23

then bring the left (right) foot alongside of the right (left) foot as in the position of attention. Arms remain to the side of the body. Continue until given the command of Flight Halt. On the command of Halt, take one more step with the right (left) foot then bring the left (right) foot along side of the right (left) resuming the position of attention. *Change Step The command is Change Step March. On the command of March, (given on the right foot) take one more 24-inch step with left foot. Then in one count, place the ball of the right foot alongside the heel of the left foot, suspend arm swing, and shift the weight of the body to the right foot. Step off with the left foot in a 24- inch step, resuming coordinated arm swing. Keep the upper portion of the body at the position of the attention. *To the Rear March The command is To the Rear March. On the command of March, (given on the right foot) take a 12-inch step with the left foot, placing it in front of and in line with the right foot and distribute the weight of the body on the ball of both feet and suspense arm swing. Then pivot 180-degrees to right, on the ball of both feet. Step off with a 12-inch step with the left foot immediately after the pivot resuming coordinated arm swing followed with 24-inch steps. *Right (Left) Flank The command is Right (Left) Flank March. On the command March (given on the heel of the right (left) foot), take one 24-inch step. Suspend arm swing as the weight of body comes forward and pivot 90-degrees to the right (left) on the ball of the left (right) foot, keeping the upper portion of the body at the position of attention. Step off with the right (left) foot in the new direction resuming coordinated arm swing. *At Ease The command is At Ease. On the command At Ease, cadets may relax in a standing position. Their position in flight will not change. Their right foot must remain in place and silence must be maintained. 24

CEREMONIES Ceremonies are special, formal group activities conducted by the armed forces to honor distinguished persons or recognize special events. Ceremonies also demonstrate the proficiency and training state of the troops. Ceremonies are an extension of drill activities. The precision marching, promptness in responding to commands, and teamwork developed on the drill field determines the appearance and performance of the group in ceremonies. Review A review is the formation of troops in a group or wing marching in a prescribed manner. The purpose is to inspect the degree of drill proficiency. It may be held to allow a higher commander, official, or dignitary to observe the state of training in a command and may consist of: Formation/Inspection of troops or a March in Review. Parade A parade is a review with honor. A parade is also a ceremony within itself when respect is paid to the US flag, as in retreat. Reveille Reveille is the signal for the start of the official duty day. Because the time for the start of the duty day varies between bases, the commander designates the specified time for reveille. If the commander desires, a reveille ceremony may accompany the raising of the flag. This ceremony takes place in the vicinity of the base flagstaff and is held after sunrise. Retreat The retreat ceremony serves a twofold purpose. It signals the end of the official duty day and serves as a ceremony for paying respect to the flag. Because the time for the end of the duty day varies, the commander designates the specific time for the retreat ceremony. 25

The retreat ceremony may take place at the squadron area, on the parade ground, or in the vicinity of the flagstaff. If conducted at the parade ground, retreat is a part of the parade ceremony. If conducted in the squadron area, it is usually a ceremony not involving parade. If conducted at the flagstaff, the units participating may be formed in line or they may be masses, depending upon the size and number of units and the space available. 26

CHAPTER 5 UNIFORM WEAR General: Each cadet of the Abilene High School Texas 81 st Corps must wear the uniform properly once per week in accordance with (IAW) Air Force regulations. The importance of the following guidance cannot be overemphasized since our uniform is the same one worn by the members of the U.S. Air Force. The reputation of the U.S. Air Force as a professional military organization is known worldwide and has no equal. The uniform you wear is a symbol of that reputation. WEAR YOUR UNIFORM PROUDLY! Grading: Cadets will receive a weekly uniform wear grade. Required uniform wear day will be Wednesday of each week unless designated otherwise by the SASI, ASI, or Corps Commander. - The proper uniform of the day will be posted on the bulletin board and the AFJROTC web page on Thursday of the prior week. The uniform will be worn for the entire school day including to and from school (exceptions must be approved by SASI or ASI). It will not be taken off after the JROTC class period unless approved by the SASI or ASI. Failure to wear the proper uniform on the prescribed day will result in and automatic grade of zero for the uniform wear for that day. - Uniform wear make- up: If a cadet is absent from school on the designated uniform wear day, he/she will wear the uniform on the next school day. It is the cadet s responsibility to ensure his/her flight commander (or the SASI/ASI) conduct a proper uniform inspection. - Failure to wear the uniform three (3) times during a six week grading period will most likely result in a failing grade for the grading period and could result in expulsion from the JROTC program. Grading starts at 100 points. *Uniform Do s - Wear the uniform with pride. Make sure the uniform is clean, pressed, and your shoes are shined. Ensure badges, ribbons, insignia, belt buckles, and other devices are clean and free of scratches and corrosion. Keep ribbons clean and replace then when they become worn, frayed or faded. - Wear only white V-neck t-shirts when wearing the light blue shirt/blue pants combination. - Wear only black socks with the uniform. - Wear the specified uniform of the day (UOD) on the day designated by the Corps commander (normally Wednesdays). The UOD will be posted in the back of the classroom and on the Web page. - Wear the hat at all times when out of doors. - Place your name on all uniform items. (on a tag) - Return any found items to the SASI or ASI. 27

- Return any items that become worn or otherwise unserviceable to the SASI or ASI. If the condition is due to normal use, the items will be replaced at no cost. Any item that does not fit properly should also be returned as soon as possible. - If not being worn, the flight cap should be carried with your books or placed in your back pack and the beret will be placed under the left shoulder epaulet. * Uniform Don ts - Do not wear the uniform with other clothing. - Do not leave uniform items in unlocked lockers or other unattended places in school. - Do not lend uniform items to other cadets or persons. - Do not permit another cadet or person to turn in uniform items. - Do not use a washing machine to clean the service dress coat, wind breaker, trousers, skirts or slacks. They must be dry cleaned only! - Do not allow articles such as wallets, pencils, pens, watch chains, checkbooks, handkerchiefs, and combs to be visible. - Do not wear earphones or headphones while in uniform, unless required for duty. - Do not carry cell phones, unless required for duty. (When required for duty, they must be clipped to the waistband or purse or be carried in the left hand when not in use.) - Uniform items (including AFJROTC-unique uniform items), accoutrements, devices, or awards not specifically approved by HQ AFJROTC are not authorized on the AFJROTC uniform. *Cadet Appearance and Grooming Guidelines. When a cadet wears the uniform, he/she is responsible for presenting a neat, clean, and professional military image. Appearance and grooming standards help cadets present the image of disciplined cadets who can be relied upon to do the job they are called on to do. A professional military image has no room for the extreme, the unusual, or the faddish. The standards for wearing the uniform consist of four elements: neatness, cleanliness, safety, and military image. The first three are absolute, objective criteria for the efficiency, health, and wellbeing of the force. The fourth standard, military image is also a very important aspect of military appearance. People, both military and civilian, draw conclusions as to the military effectiveness of the Air Force by how they perceive those in uniform. 28

Service Uniform (males): Flight cap--wear cap tilted slightly to your right, with the vertical crease in line with the center of the forehead, in a straight line with the nose. It will be approximately 1-inch from the eyebrows. Do not crush the crown, front, or back of the cap. Short Sleeve Blue shirt--must touch, or come within 1-inch of touching the forearm when arm is bent in a 90-degree angle. Do not press military creases in any shirt. Males wear a white V-neck undershirt with blue shirts. - Ribbons--center them above the left breast pocket. - Name tag--center it above the right breast pocket. Trousers--dark blue, full cut, straight hanging and without a cuff. Trousers are trim fitted with no bunching at the waist or bagging at the seat. The front of the trouser leg must rest on the front of the shoe, with a slight break in the crease. The back of the trousers must be approximately 7/8 of an inch longer than the front. Belt--dark blue, elastic, solid, or woven. The tip and buckle of the belt must be chrome-like finish. When properly worn, the tip of the belt extends beyond the buckle, facing the wearer's left. No blue fabric will show between the buckle and belt tip. You must have a visible gig-line. This is a line that runs down the right front edge of your shirt, belt buckle, and fly. Low quarters/oxfords--black with plain rounded toe or plain rounded capped toe. They may be smooth or scotch-grained leather or man-made material. They must be kept in good repair at all times. Socks--plain black and wear is mandatory. 29

Lightweight blue jacket (windbreaker)--partially lined and water repellent. It is waist length with a zipper front and two slanted pockets. It has knitted cuffs and waistband. The jacket may be worn with or without an insulated liner and over all blue shirts. The jacket must be zipped up at least halfway when worn. Service Uniform (females): Flight cap--worn tilted towards the wearer's right, with the vertical crease at the center of the forehead in a straight line with the nose, approximately 1-inch above the eyebrows. Hair may protrude in the front of the cap, but must not touch the eyebrows. Short sleeve blue blouse--must touch, or come with 1-inch of touching the forearm when bent in a 90-degree angle. Do not press military creases into the blouse. There are two style of blouses: Tuck-in style blouses have a pointed collar with epaulets. The collar does not meet in the front, but is separated by a dark blue inverted V neck tab. These blouses must be tucked into the slacks and skirt. - Ribbons--center on left side between second and third button, the bottom of the ribbons is even with the bottom of name tag. - Name tag--centered on right side even with or up to 1 1/2 inches higher/lower than the first exposed button. Slacks--straight hanging, with two front pockets, a center fly front opening, and belt loops. The front of the slack leg rests on the front of the shoe with a slight break in the crease. The back of the slacks will be approximately 7/8 of an inch longer than the front. Belt--dark blue elastic, solid, or woven. Wear with skirts and slacks having belt loops. The belt must have a chrome-like finish. The tip of the belt must extend beyond the buckle facing the wearer's right. No blue fabric may show between the buckle and the belt tip. 30

Socks/Hosiery--Wear of hose with the blue skirt is mandatory. You may wear hose or black socks when wearing slacks. Hose will be commercial sheer nylon. Colors may be either neutral, dark brown, black, off black, or dark blue shade. Patterned hose will not be worn. Shoes--low quarters (oxfords) or pumps are authorized. They may be made of smooth or scotch-grained leather or man-made material. Heels of pumps should be suitable to the individual, but no higher than 2 1/2 inches (measured from the inside sold of shoe to the end of heel lift). Do not wear shoes with platform soles, extra-thick soles or heels. They must be plain, black, commercial design without ornamentation. Lightweight blue jacket (windbreaker)--partially lined and water repellent. It is waist length with a zipper front and two slant pockets. It has knitted cuffs. The jacket may be worn with or without an insulated liner and over all shirts. The jacket must be zipped up at least half way when worn. 31

CHAPTER 6 HISTORICAL FACTS Did you know? - The National Security Act signed on 26 July 1947, created a separate and independent United States Air Force (USAF). - On 18 September 1947 the USAF gained a status coequal with the Army and Navy. - The Secretary of the Air Force is a civilian appointed by the President to head the Department of the Air Force. - General Carl A. Spaatz was the first Chief of Staff of the Air Force. - Stuart Symington was the first Secretary of the Air Force. - The Air Force became the first service to completely desegregate. - First Lieutenant William G. Hudson, the pilot of an F-82 Twin Mustang, scored the first aerial victory of the Korean Conflict. - Operation Rolling Thunder was the first major bombing campaign during the Vietnam Conflict. - On 18 December 1972, Sergeant Samuel O. Turner became the first B-52 gunner ever to shoot down an enemy interceptor. - 6 August 1990 marked the beginning of Operation Desert Shield. 32

- Sergeant William Ivy was the first enlisted man to make an ascent in a balloon during the Spanish-American War. - Esther M. Blake was the first woman in the Air Force. She enlisted the first minute of the first hour of the first day regular Air Force duty was authorized for women on 8 July 1948. - Chief Master Sergeant Grace A. Peterson was the first female Chief Master in the Air Force. - Airman First Class John L. Levitow became the lowest ranking airman in history to earn the Medal of Honor. - The President appoints the Secretary of Defense with the advice and consent of the Senate. - The F-117A Stealth Fighter is the first operational aircraft to exploit lowobservable stealth technology. - The B-52 Stratofortress is the oldest bomber in the inventory and the heavyweight of strategic heavy bombers. - Public Law 93-165, amended the requirement that a Junior ROTC unit have a minimum number of physically fit male students, thus allowing female students to count toward the minimum students needed for a viable unit. - The permanent grade for a first year cadet is cadet airman. - The word cadet must be a part of any written reference to a specific cadet rank. - The English word "uniform" comes from a combination of two Latin words, unus and forma, which means "one form." 33

- Cadets will not wear the uniform while participating in student demonstrations. - The standards for wearing the uniform consist of four elements: neatness, cleanliness, safety, and military image. - The Stars and Stripes first flew in a Flag Day celebration in Hartford, Connecticut in 1861. - In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson issued a proclamation calling for a nationwide observance of Flag Day on June 14. - Francis Scott Key wrote the National Anthem. - Colonel Eileen Collins was the first woman to command a Space Shuttle. - World War I became known as the Great War. - In 1967 the SR-71A, a military plane flown by the United States reached the speed of 4,524 miles per hour. The fastest plane in the world. - The Air Force Corps Values are: o Integrity First o Service Before Self o Excellence in All We Do - The four factors of military leadership are: o Follower o Leader o Situation o Communication - The position of honor is always on the right. - The ball that sits on top of the flag pole is called a truk. 34

- After folding a flag at a funeral, the stars should be showing. - The colors of the flag and what they represent are: o Red Hardiness and Valor o White Purity and Innocence o Blue Vigilance, Perseverance, and Justice - When given the command of attention, your eyes should be caged (i.e. looking straight ahead). - You should never show a public display of affection (PDA) while in uniform. - The first powered flight took place at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on 17 December 1903. - If you have a complaint and/or information on rumor control, you should bring it up your chain of command or consult with the Superintendent. - You should always treat your Flight Commander, Flight Lieutenant, and Flight Sergeant with the same respect as your SASI and ASI. 35

36