1. With the fall of the Berlin Wall, the U.S. (A) was the only superpower. (B) saw Communism as the principal threat. (C) knew it was invulnerable. (D) saw the world as a more threatening place. Chapter 16: National Security Policymaking 2. The main force behind foreign policy in the United States is the (A) State Department. (B) president. (C) Pentagon. (D) congressional foreign affairs liaison. 3. The quietest instrument of foreign policy is (A) war. (B) the military. (C) diplomacy. (D) economic. 4. Which instrument of foreign policy was used to assist a UN peacekeeping mission in Somalia? (A) military (B) economic (C) diplomacy (D) humanitarian 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. 5. The organization, created in 1945, whose members agree to renounce war and to respect certain human and economic freedoms is called the (A) League of Nations. (B) Treaty of Versailles. (C) United Nations. (D) Warsaw Pact. T-91
6. The real seat of power in the United Nations is the (A) World Bank. (B) International Monetary Fund. (C) Security Council. (D) World Court. 7. Which of the following is true about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)? (A) NATO was created after World War I to serve as a collective security mechanism. (B) The NATO alliance is still used to counter the Warsaw Pact. (C) NATO only includes members from Western Europe and North America. (D) During the Cold War, NATO troops were spread from West Germany to Portugal to deter foreign aggression. 8. The economic alliance of the major Western European nations is called (A) United Europe. (B) the European Union. (C) Europa. (D) Eurotopia. 9. How much wealth do multinational corporations account for in the global economy? (A) one-fourth (B) one-fifth (C) one-tenth (D) one-half 10. Greenpeace, churches and labor unions are examples of (A) nongovernmental organizations. (B) governmental regional organizations. (C) individual international actors. (D) international governmental organizations. 11. Jody Williams made a difference by her involvement in (A) humanitarian aid to Somalia. (B) her advocacy for a democratic transfer of power in Haiti. (C) her aid to Afghani refugees. (D) the campaign to ban landmines. T-92
12. Which of the following is not a foreign policy power that the President can exercise alone? (A) commander in chief (B) deploy American troops abroad (C) ratify treaties (D) officially recognize other countries 13. Instead of treaties, presidential foreign policy agreements may take the form of (A) executive orders. (B) executive agreements. (C) national security white papers. (D) press releases. 14. Traditionally, the key advisor to the president on foreign policy matters has been the (A) national security advisor. (B) Joint Chiefs of Staff. (C) secretary of state. (D) secretary of defense. 15. The key civilian advisor to the president on national defense matters is the (A) secretary of defense. (B) national security advisor. (C) secretary of state. (D) Joint Chiefs of Staff. 16. The commanding officers of each of the armed services, along with a chairperson and a vice chairperson, constitute the (A) National Security Council. (B) Joint Chiefs of Staff. (C) Central Intelligence Agency. (D) National Defense Council. 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. T-93
17. Composed of the president, the vice president, the secretary of defense and the secretary of state, this part of the national security establishment also tainted by the Iran-Contra affair is known as the (A) Central Intelligence Agency. (B) State Department. (C) Joint Chiefs of Staff. (D) National Security Council. 18. The bulk of the Central Intelligence Agency s activities consists of (A) covert operations. (B) hostage rescue operations. (C) data gathering. (D) fostering coup d etats. 19. Most of the information and data gathering done by the CIA is collected through (A) readily available sources. (B) torture. (C) espionage. (D) infiltration of interest groups. 20. Which of the following is a sole foreign and defense policy power of Congress? (A) raise and organize the armed forces (B) negotiating treaties (C) receiving heads of state (D) sending troops abroad 21. The policy articulated by George Washington in his Farewell Address outlines the tenets of (A) containment. (B) gunboat diplomacy. (C) interventionism. (D) isolationism. 22. The Monroe Doctrine warned others to stay out of (A) Europe. (B) Latin America. (C) Africa. (D) Asia. T-94
23. The call by George F. Kennan to isolate the Soviet Union and prevent it from aggression by peaceful means or by force is known as (A) the Nixon doctrine. (B) detente. (C) containment. (D) iron curtain. 24. The height of the Cold War was in the (A) 1940s. (B) 1950s. (C) 1970s. (D) 1980s. 25. The term coined by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to describe the interests shared by the armed services and defense contractors is (A) pentagon capitalism. (B) domestic spending drain. (C) Army-Contractors Defense Coalition. (D) military defense complex. 26. Henry Kissenger sponsored a relaxation of tensions between the superpowers and this became known as (A) detente. (B) deletante. (C) collective security. (D) functionalism. 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. 27. Perhaps the most troublesome issue in the national security area today is the spread of (A) AIDS. (B) smart bombs. (C) terrorism. (D) democratic societies. T-95
28. Which of the following is true about the imposition of economic sanctions? (A) They are more risky than military sanctions. (B) They only require the support of the United States and Japan to be effective. (C) They typically have only a limited effect. (D) They rarely provoke a nationalist backlash. 29. The North American Free Trade Agreement was designed to (A) limit imports. (B) reduce tariffs. (C) increase quotas in imports. (D) increase subsidies. 30. Which of the following is true about the balance of trade? (A) A poor balance of trade exacerbates inflation. (B) A poor balance of trade causes jobs to flow abroad. (C) A cheaper dollar makes the costs of American labor less competitive. (D) When a country imports more than it exports, it has a balance of trade surplus. T-96