Documentation Principles and Their Effect on ICD 10 Coding, Compliance and Risk Management

Documentation Principles and Their Effect on ICD 10 Coding, Compliance and Risk Management Dr Dianne M Baynes RN DC MCSP CPPM Documentation systems based on lots of audits and findings Basics are often the most missing items Training is the foundation Same as 1983----Not!!! What are we up against? The KMCU Way Healthcare has been changing for a while The changes are getting more rapid and are hitting closer to home There are now a number of cautionary tales for DCs and team members Ch-Ch-Ch-Ch-Changes 1

Chiropractic and the OIG For the first time since May 2010, the Office of Inspector General, of the Dept. of Health and Human Services, has published a report specifically about chiropractic...or rather, one chiropractor in particular. This fellow chiropractor s dire situation represents the current state of risk that most chiropractors are not even aware they face on a daily basis. Is this you? OIG Report Facts Dr. Rick Kuhlman-Georgia and TN 2

Doctors AND Assistants in the Cross Hairs Cookie Cutter Protocols Deemed Fraud A Closer Look 3

Not Just Medicare! This is PI Medically Unnecessary Definitions 4

And so it goes. OIG FY 2012 Report to Congress OIG FY 2013 Report to Congress OIG s Semi-Annual Report to Congress Fall 2014 5

March 2015 State Boards Involved Too Chiropractic and chiropractors being in the cross-hairs stared in 2005. Then it started with detailed specifics of what we do wrong. Beginning with Dr Diep in November of 2013 OIG Report Facts OIG Report #2 Then this happened in May of 2015. Same issues, same concerns, same lack of Policies and Procedures. Total recoupment: $369,335 for 3 years $737,111 estimated overpayment 6

Then this happened in July of 2015. Same issues, same concerns, same lack of Policies and Procedures. Total recoupment: $482,867 requested $498,764 estimated overpayment OIG Report #3 And Literally Last Week Audit: Efficiency Check; A systematic check or assessment, especially of the efficiency or effectiveness of an organization or process, typically carried out by an independent assessor 7

Records requests come in all shapes and sizes Sometimes they are a probe Sometimes they are a system Sometimes they are what they are What Does This Mean? Commercial insurance Carrier Personal Injury Carrier or Adjuster Worker s Compensation Carrier or Adjuster Medicare Administrative Contractor (MAC) Who s Asking?? Recovery Audit Contractor (RAC) Comprehensive Error Rate Testing (CERT) Zone Program Integrity Contractor (ZPIC) Program Safeguard Contractor (PSC Why Are They Asking?? Prepayment review of claims always results in an "initial determination'' Post-payment review may result in no change to the initial payment to the provider or may result in a "revised determination" that would require the provider to pay back monies for services determined to be "not reasonable or necessary." Automatic, or non-complex, reviews occur without clinical review of medical documentation submitted by the provider, such as in cases of medically unlikely edits (MUEs) or when there is no timely response to an audit request letter. Complex reviews involve requesting, receiving, and medical review of additional documentation associated with a claim. 8

What s Their Motivation? Payment Recovery/Recoupment An overpayment occurs when a provider receives excess payment due to duplicate submission of the same service or claim, payment to the incorrect payee, payment for excluded or medically unnecessary services, or a pattern of furnishing and billing for excessive or noncovered services, as determined in an audit or review. What s Their Motivation? In 2010, President Obama announced the following three goals for cutting improper Medicare payments by 2012: reducing overall payment errors by $50 billion cutting the Medicare fee-for-service error rate in half recovering $2 billion in improper payments They Look For Coding Errors and Patterns Review Outliers Review of high dollar codes-bcbsil SO s Identify Fraud and Abuse This is JOB ONE! What Might Be the Trigger? Overutilization New carrier preexisting condition Unusual codes Unusual errors Billing errors, like lack of Box 14 changing Your number came up 9

How This Training Will Protect You! Documentation of Case Management Documentation of Initial Visits ICD-10 Awareness Documentation of Routine Visits Risk Management and Risk Avoidance Compliance Concerns Why Is Documentation So Important? Ensures quality patient care Meets licensure requirements to protect the public Guards against malpractice action Secures appropriate reimbursement Because if it wasn t written down, it didn t happen! Know your Audience Another health care provider Your board A malpractice attorney Third party payer's medical necessity auditor Each has different, but necessary requirements of your documentation 10

What Dr. Diep Didn t Know That He Didn t Know! The $708,000 recoupment finding to Medicare: Ignorance of the rules Upcoding charges Billing Medicare inappropriately Poor documentation No Policies and SOP Ignored help when notified of OIG concerns 11

The OIG is not out to get us all There is enough low hanging fruit to take care of the federal budget deficit Be aware of the specific errors pointed out in the report OIG Report Facts Problem #1: Stick Out Like a Sore Thumb! So? I m a Full Spine Adjuster! Why It LOOKS Fishy Medical necessity definition dictates that you must prioritize each area of complaint Every visit: S + O (P + ART) for every region treated 2 DX codes for each region Treatment plan for each/short and long term goals 12

Problem #2: Did Not Understand The Definitions of Maintenance Care He ONLY billed AT modifier, never ever moving a patient to maintenance care. Even in the details of the rebuttal from his attorney, he also argued that he "never delivered care that was not AT Modifier worthy". Understand the Rules Is All Care Medically Necessary? Who Knows KMC s Favorite? Clinically Appropriate Care Life enhancing Symptom relieving Wellness care Supportive care Maintenance care Medically Necessary Care Yields a significant improvement in clinical findings and patient functionality. 13

Maintenance CMS defines Maintenance Therapy as: "Chiropractic maintenance therapy is not considered to be medically reasonable or necessary under the Medicare program, and is therefore not payable. Maintenance therapy is defined as a treatment plan that seeks to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong and enhance the quality of life; or therapy that is performed to maintain or prevent deterioration of a chronic condition. When further clinical improvement cannot reasonably be expected from continuous ongoing care, and the chiropractic treatment becomes supportive rather than corrective in nature, the treatment is then considered maintenance therapy." GA Modifier What s Wrong with this Picture? A Better Way 14

Problem #3: Evidently Didn t Understand Episodic Care Episodes of Care The foundation for an episode is contained in the beginning four steps of documentation. There was confusion about what an episode of care is Therefore, the documentation necessary was NOT present Medicare documentation requirements are published. We, as doctors, must know how to diagnose, treat in episodes of care and dismiss patients from active treatment. Have written policies and procedures. Blatant Disregard Any Patients in Your Office in this Circumstance? 15

Problem #4: Didn t Understand Requirements and How to Use Software to Meet Them What the OIG Did in This Case Exact OIG Recommendations Extrapolation at Its Finest Refund $708,022 to the Federal Government and Establish adequate policies and procedures to ensure that chiropractic services billed to Medicare are medically necessary, correctly coded, and adequately documented. 16

Sure, let me just get my checkbook! They Talked to Patients What Should You Do Now? Don t Learn the Hard Way! The simple steps that could have been taken to avoid this nightmare How expensive was his inaction? $708K back to the government, and probably losing Medicare privileges! Don t let this be YOU! 17

A Warning the Should be Heeded The purpose of a compliance program is: To integrate policies and procedures into the physician s practice that are necessary to promote adherence to federal and state laws and statutes and regulations applicable to the delivery of healthcare services. Came out of the sentencing guidelines Affordable Care Act: Mandatory Compliance Plans Coming Soon CMS has NOT finalized the requirements CMS will advance specific proposals at some point in the future Is it Mandatory? Review the 7 Steps of the OIG Compliance Program 18

Where to Begin: Set Up Your Manual Step 1- Implement Policies and Procedures Understand the difference between the two Assess what existing policy and procedure is in place that needs attention Step 2- Compliance Officer or Contact Review the role of this person Everyone is responsible for compliance Officer is responsible for overseeing all manner of compliance, but doesn t work alone 19

Step 3- Employ Comprehensive Education and Training Training is going to be tracked and documented Webinars, seminars, conventions, and other on the job training should always be recorded when relative to a compliance related issue Step 4- Enforce Disciplinary Standards Review the code of conduct Explain why everyone must commit to compliance Get the Code of Conduct signed after all 7 steps have been reviewed Step 5- Respond Swiftly to Detected Offenses Everyone s eyes and ears must be open and watching at all times Overpayments to Medicare must be within 60 days of the detection Internal processes and audits will assist with the practice finding these occasional missteps Everyone must participate in supporting the compliance officer s efforts Step 6-Internal Audits and Monitoring More internal audits will take place now Four types of audits Documentation E/M Coding Audits Coding Audits EOB Audits Calendar of routine audits will be set 20

Step 6-Internal Audits and Monitoring Consider an outside entity to conduct a baseline audit on your behalf Use error rates to determine what is next Coding audits conducted by KMCU as part of PPP or ISP/PhD programs Step 7- Open Lines of Communication Insist on an Open Door Policy Everyone must report things they don t understand or are curious about Create the system that you ll use for reporting Step 7- Open Lines of Communication Install Compliance in Your Office None of this matters if you only talk and don t act Installation of compliance programs can take time Set aside appropriate time to do a little at a time for each of the 7 steps 21

Risk #1 Risk #2 Risk #3 22

Risk #4 Opportunity #1 Opportunity #2 Opportunity #3 23

Opportunity #4 Basics of Documentation Good Documentation Tells a Story Implement the Basics Basic documentation principles Proper use of abbreviations Addressing legibility Authentication of signatures Records management Managing the day-today flow of your patient records 24

The Marks of Bad Documentation Pencil/whiteout/erasures Illegible documents Non-standard abbreviations No date/no signature Blank spaces No identifying patient information (each page/side of page) Consents not documented Use blue or black ink Never use correction fluid or erase Correct errors by putting one line through it, make your correction, and initial and date the change Legibility Use Standard Abbreviations All abbreviations should be standard The easier your charts are to read, the better they will perform under scrutiny Supply a legend or key if you use non-standard abbreviations for any reason 25

Signature and Authentication Consent to Treat a Minor Must be provider of service Handwritten or electronic Must be legible Shared services must bear all signatures Policy in place to ensure timely signatures (48 to 72 hours) Don t add signature later Must be legal signature Signature must be authenticated Parent or Guardian Signature Everyone in office is a point of contact to recognize abuse or neglect (legally must report) A parent has the right to obtain a child's health information except when: State law does not require parental consent Separate guardian is appointed by the courts When the parent agrees to confidentiality When the provider suspects abuse or neglect Informed Consent NCQA Guidelines for Documentation Prior to treating a patient, the doctor must provide adequate information regarding the possible risks and benefits of and possible alternatives to a particular procedure Doctors must properly and clearly communicate with their patients If care or outcomes are called into question, documentation of this consent is vital Organization Patient identification Personal/Biographical data Provider identification Entry date Legibility Problem list Allergies Past medical history Smoking/Alcohol/Substance abuse Physical exam History and physical Working diagnosis Plan/Treatment Patient Education/Instructions Consults/X-ray/Lab/Imaging reports/referral records Follow up/return visits Medical care services/consults Immunization records Preventative services Advanced directives 26

Records Protection & Destruction There are national and local regulations to be followed as the custodian of record HIPAA-required protection of records How long to keep? 6 years HIPAA 10 years Medicare Advantage Forever per malpractice carrier Case Management Driven Documentation 27

Subjective?? NOT! What About This One? Daily Subjective? Objective?? Really? 28

Can You Tell What s Up? Assessment?? Guarded? Or This One? Medical Review Policies Aetna BCBS 29

Medicare Guidelines Our First Name is Doctor We are responsible for the welfare of our patients. Our primary job is to effectively document and manage the patient s episodic cases Our goal is to resolve their functional deficits. You Need Clarity FIRST Your patients must understand that their active treatment has a beginning, middle, and end, from the onset of care. If you are not clear on the definition of an episode of care, you will not explain this clearly 30

Let Them Know What to Expect Episodes of Care Teach your patient to be observant about their functional performance Let them know that will help you document their progress clearly and easily for their Insurance company Medicare Documentation Guidelines Initial Visit History Description of Present Illness Physical Exam Diagnosis Treatment Plan Date of initial treatment Subsequent Visits History Review of chief complaint Physical Exam Document daily treatment Progress related to treatment goals/plan 31

Impeccable Initial Visit/Episode Documentation Episodes of Care The Foundational Visit of the Episode Documentation LOOKS Different E/M visits should and will look different from daily visit notes The components are different The intent is different Initial visit documentation has a job to do 32

New Patient? New Condition? New Episode? These should be handled the same From a documentation point of view, they ARE the same Known as the E/M visit Treat if you wish, but THIS material must be covered History Exam INPUT E/M Visit Clinical Decision Making OUTPUT Let s Be Crystal Clear! Ever Want To Say This to a Patient? E/M services can be initial or established patient If a NEW patient, haven t been seen EVER or within THREE years Everyone else is an ESTABLISHED patient 33

You Be the Judge Easy to Follow? Initial Visit History 34

Initial Visit Examination Exam Helps Dr. Jeff Miller www.examdoc.com Start Your Examination with Outcomes Assessment Tools Visual Analog Scale Revised Oswestry Pain Drawings Roland-Morris Disability Neck Pain Disability Index Headache Disability Index Bournemouth Functional Rating Index 35

X-ray Policy To x-ray or not x-ray that is the question. Imaging and diagnostic testing are for documentation not education. There should never be a blanket x-ray policy in any office. Proper documentation is key in diagnostic imaging: you must have a solid rationale, and a report showing clinical outcome, otherwise the test is not considered medically necessary. X-ray Report Documenting X-ray Necessity Your documentation holds the key: Clinical indicators that make taking films an obvious choice Write your orders for the need for radiographic follow up in your documentation Remember to write the x-ray report Clinical Decision Making 36

The Assessment/Day 1.5 NP, New Condition, New Episode: requires the DX and TX plan to be completed as part of the foundational episode The DX and TX Plan will set the tone for all treatment Diagnosis Hierarchy Position 1 Nerve Position 2 Bone/Joint/Disc Position 3 & 4 Muscle/Disc/Other Position 3 & 4 Extremity/Catchall/Other You ve Already Decided You have likely already decided what you think is the best recipe Make it easy to recreate when it is time to create a written treatment plan Create your written standards for care 37

Codify it Now 26 Adjustments 8 Ext Adjustments 5 Ultrasound 4 EMS 23 Therapeutic Exercise 3 Re-exams The first step is to codify your preferences: mild through severe conditions, include length of treatment number of visits and which modalities and procedures may be utilized. Adjustments Modalities (list) Procedures (list) Cervical pillow Ice pack Biofreeze Nutrition pain pack Home traction unit Rehab equipment Cervical collar Tens unit Etc. Reverse Protocols Adjustments Modalities (list) Procedures (list) Cervical pillow Ice pack Biofreeze Nutrition pain pack Home traction unit Rehab equipment Cervical collar Tens unit Reverse Protocols Frequency and duration Treatment goals for each region/treatment to include long term goal An evaluation of treatment effectiveness measurement Date of the plan Meet the Requirements 38

CCGPP Prognostic Factors Older age History of prior episodes Severity of initial episode of injury Number of exacerbations Duration of current episode longer than 1 month Psycho-social factors CCGPP Prognostic Factors Pre-existing pathology Nature of employment Waiting more than 7 days to seek treatment Congenital Anomalies Patient compliance 39

EHR TX Plan Sample Let s Grade This One! Better? 40

You Did It!--Initial Visit Mastery Whether brand NP or existing patient with new condition, the components are the same Start the episode correctly and you ll end it perfectly A little time invested now, saves hours later! Find Your Way to the Codes 41

What Have YOU Done So Far? Got a Book?? Begin testing claims CMS has a process Check with each additional carrier When do they accept testing? Testing Anyone? Who s In Charge? Have you selected an ICD-10 project manager? Someone must coordinate and ensure all the steps get done What gets measured gets managed! 42

GEMS Code Map 43

Can We Just Crosswalk from ICD-9? General Equivalence Mappings (GEMs) Some pointing based on the initial set up Three possible ways to define subluxation: M99.01, M99.11, or S13.11 Now we know Conversion Tools Conversion Tools 44

Medicare s GEM Guide Action Step: Write down your 20-30 most commonly used codes Mapping Made Easy! 45

How are ICD-9 and ICD-10 Different? ICD-10 For Example ICD-10-CM code for chronic gout due to renal impairment, left shoulder, without tophus. ICD-9 ICD-10 Coding and Documentation Site Laterality 5 th or 6 th digit - Sciatica Left M54.31 Right M54.32 Episodes of care 7 th digit A D S Injuries Why the 7 th Digit? Most categories in chapter 19 have seventh character extensions Required for each applicable code, and most categories have three extensions A, Initial encounter D, Subsequent encounter S, Sequela 46

A vs. D Placeholder x character Placeholder character x in positions 4, 5, and/or 6 in certain codes to allow for future expansion. So sayeth ACA, Chiro Code, and KMC University 7 th Characters The 7 th character must always be the 7 th character in the data field. If a code that requires a 7 th character is not 6 characters, a placeholder x must be used to fill in the empty characters This information in NOT final Clarity will come as we inch closer to implementation or after implementation Follow Medicare guidance using A Stay Tuned! Key Takeaways So What is Excludes 1 or Excludes 2? Similar to Correct Coding Initiative Edits for CPT Codes Dictates when certain codes can be used together and when not The explanation will be helpful in the long run 47

Remember the CCI Edits? Excludes 1 - is used when two conditions cannot occur together or NOT CODED HERE! Mutually exclusive codes; two conditions that cannot be reported together (A condition may be acquired OR congenital but not both!) Remember the CCI Edits? Excludes 2 Indicates NOT INCLUDED HERE. Although the excluded condition is not part of condition, it is excluded from, a patient may have both conditions at the same time. The excluded code and the code above the excludes can be used together if the documentation supports them. Read the Instructions! Read the Instructions! 48

Chapter 13-Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Soft Tissue But Wait! There s More! Our Wheelhouse M-00 through M-99 series Tabular list layout Confirm with Tabular List! Chapter 21 of them from A to Z (body system or condition) Block Ranges of categories (related conditions) Categories 3 characters (more specific condition) Subcategories 4 th or 5 th characters (etiology, location, etc.) Codes 6 th or 7 th characters (laterality, encounter, etc.) 196 49

Confirmation Required One-to-one Mapping 723.1 Cervicalgia M54.2 Cervicalgia 724.4 Thoracic or lumbosacral neuritis (radicular syndrome of the lower limbs) One-to-Five Mapping ICD-10 M54.14, M54.15, M54.16, M54.17, M54.18 Radiculopathy Deconditioning Syndrome 50

Combination Mapping 724.3 Sciatica M54.30 Sciatica, unspecified side M54.31 Sciatica, right side M54.32 Sciatica, left side OR M54.40 Sciatica with lumbago, unspecified M54.41 Sciatica with lumbago, right side M54.42 Sciatica with lumbago, left side Talk About Detail! Take 847.0 Cervical Sprain Could be S13.4xxA Could be S13.8xxA Much more detail is possible in ICD-10 Item one: sprain of ligaments of the cervical spine Item two: sprain of joints and ligaments of other parts of the neck An Example of 7 th Digit Unspecified Use Sparingly 51

E Codes in ICD-9 Expanded External Cause Codes Do you use them? E844.8 Sucked up into a jet without damage to the airplane; ground crew V Y Codes Chapter 20: Guidelines for external causes of morbidity (V00-Y99) Never sequenced first Provide data about the cause, intent, place, activity, or status of the accident or patient No national requirement to use these codes, but voluntary reporting is encouraged Y92 Place of occurrence should be listed after other codes, used only once an initial encounter, in conjunction with Y93 Y93 Activity code should be used only once, at initial encounter V, W, X, Y Codes For Fun Bus Occupant V79.9 (collision with) Animal in traffic being ridden Bus Occupant V70.3 (collision with) animal, non-traffic Bus Occupant V70.4 (collision with) animal, while boarding or alighting Quick but Quality Routine Visit Documentation 52

Error Rate Information Insufficient documentation is a known issue in the chiropractic profession Failure to provide any documentation to auditors represents nearly 50% of the poor scores 53

Medicare Documentation Guidelines What Does PART Mean, Anyway? Initial Visit History Description of Present Illness Physical Exam Diagnosis Treatment Plan Date of initial treatment Subsequent Visits History Review of chief complaint Physical Exam Document daily treatment Progress related to treatment goals/plan Example of PART Documentation Lumbar Subluxation PART example S = P (Patient s assessment per area) O = ART (DC s assessment per area) A = Doctor s Assessment (How and Why) P = Plan for today (what was done) Get Right To It 54

Best Practices for Gathering Functional Self-Assessment First, train them that it is their job to be observant about their functional deficits Help them understand that measurable information helps you to assist them in faster improvement Master Internal Systems that can Streamline this Process Team member driven documentation They gather relevant data You review out of sight of the patient then You lead the conversation Save as much as an hour a day Day to Day Visits-Part One Day to Day Visits Part Two 55

Ancillary Documentation Best Practices for Defining your Doctor s Assessment Remember it is all about Function, Function, FUNCTION Identify HOW the patient has improved Identify WHY they need continued care That is Medical Necessity by definition! 56

Maintenance Preventative or maintenance care defined as care to reduce the incidence or prevalence of illness, impairment, and risk factors and to promote optimal function. 57

Episodes of Care Maintenance Wellness Prevent disease Promote health Prolong/enhance the quality of life Supportive Maintain or prevent deterioration of a chronic condition 58

Anti-Trust Statement Compliant Financial Plans and Payment Plans Please be advised that any discussion which leads to an agreement as to price among competitors is a per se violation of the Sherman Act. Providers gathered in any setting must always exercise caution to avoid discussions or exchanges of information with their competitors on prices or pricing at meetings since such discussions or information exchanges may give rise to inferences of agreement. Any agreement not to compete among business firms is also a per se violation of the antitrust laws. Thus, no discussion of division of territories or customers, or limitation on nature of business, should be held at any function. Joint refusals to deal (boycotts), including discussions of blacklists, are likewise unlawful per se, and no discussions related to these practices are permitted. Discussion of fees by KMC University or examples used are for instructional purposes only should not be considered as a recommendation for any provider or group of providers. Meet Mrs. Jones Definitions 1. Dual Fee Schedules 2. Improper Time of Service Discounts Improper Collection Policies 3. Inducement Violations 4. False Claims Act Violations 5. Anti-kickback Statue Violations 59

1. Avoid Dual Fee Schedules Charging more to insurance companies than you do to cash patients Considered illegal in many states Misrepresents charges to carriers False Claims Act violation May violate provider agreements Triggers investigations Florida Geico 2. Time of Service Discounts Discount based on bookkeeping savings May or may not be defined Often not defensible or unreasonable May not be permissible on Federally insured patients 3. Inducement Violations Per the OIG: incentives that are only nominal in value are NOT prohibited by [inducement law] No more than $10 per item or $50 in the aggregate annually Even one free examination, x-ray, or therapy is a risk 4. False Claims Act Violations Establishes liability when any person or entity improperly receives from or avoids payment to the Feds Prohibits knowingly presenting or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment or approval 60

4. False Claims Act Violations Prohibits knowingly presenting or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment or approval Examples: Waiving deductibles or co-payments and not reporting to carriers Up-coding for higher reimbursements Down-coding based on payer type Do Not Take This Lightly! 61

Or This! 5. Anti-Kickback Violations A person who offers or transfers to a Medicare or Medicaid beneficiary any remuneration that the person knows or should know is likely to influence the beneficiary s selection of a particular provider, practitioner, or supplier of Medicare or Medicaid payable items or services may be liable for civil money penalties (CMPs) of up to $10,000 for each wrongful act. The statute defines remuneration to include, without limitation, waivers of copayments and deductible amounts (or parts thereof) and transfers of items or services for free or for other than fair market value. Why Worry? Who Cares What We Charge? Here s Who Cares! When insurance companies, state and federal payers are involved, there are state and federal regulations. If violated, carry serious risks, fines and penalties. Be very careful we have never been under more scrutiny 62

Here s Who Cares? State Board Actions DISCIPLINARY ACTION UPDATE Effective May 20, 2006, an Agreed Settlement of Disciplinary Action was entered into by Dr. X and the CPBN for violations of unprofessional conduct (NRS634.018(10). The charges included failure to collect proper co-payment amounts, waiving deductibles and, by office policy, having a dual fee schedule, i.e., cash vs. insurance (NAC 634.430) probation for two years, pay $10,000 in fines and reimburse the Board for its costs not to exceed $5,000. Why You Should Care! 2005: OIG study shows 67% of claims were fraudulent 2008: OIG proudly proclaims that for every $1 spent, they recouped $17 RAC Audits Probe Audits 2012: OIG Work Plan includes chiropractic again Their investigations = recoupment= BIG BUCKS $1.00 nets $7.70 State Rules & Regulations Time of Service Discount Percentages are permitted in some states. Not always defined! OIG indicates 5-15% per 2009 opinion. PIP law (FL) prohibits charging more to PI patients than other patients. NOTICE: STATE LAW DOES NOT SUPERCEDE FEDERAL REGULATIONS AGAINST GIFTS &INDUCEMENTS AND CHARGING LESS THAN FAIR MARKET VALUE! Actual Fees are in line with R/C and Fair Market Value Discounts for cash paying patients are legal Hardship agreements are in place and utilized Financial policy is solid and clearly explained Let s Fix This Mess! 63

Actual Fees are Correct Based on costs to deliver services Considers existing reimbursement data and allowable third party fees Are updated annually Should be compared to regional averages by CODE not physician Decide If You Want to Discount Use federal prompt pay discount guidelines for hardship policy Never discount on copay or deductible for insurance patients Never make side deals with the patient Remember, charge correctly, bill correctly, then COLLECT according to your policy Easiest Fix: join a DMPO You Are Likely Already Discounting When a patient that has insurance enters your office for care they are bringing another person to the relationship Initial Visit Exam: $120 X-Rays: $130 CMT: $65 97014: $35 Total: $350 Routine Visit CMT $65 97110: $50 97014: $35 97012: $35 Total: $185 Initial Visit Exam: $95 X-Rays: $75 CMT: $35 97014: $15 Total: $220 98940: $25.15 98941: $34.86 98942: $42.75 Routine Visit CMT $35 97110: $30 97014: $15 97012: $15 Total: $95 100%Poverty: 75%Discount 125%Poverty: 50%Discount 150%Poverty: 25%Discount 64

Discounting and dual fees for cash patients can also put you at risk with your Provider Agreements as well, like those with BCBS, UHC, Aetna, etc. Many agreements have specific clauses that restricts this activity. Reference : Kennedy vs. Cigna Kennedy v. CIGNA, 924 F.2d 698 (7th Cir.) Cases on Waiver Feiler v. New Jersey Dental Assn, 467 A.2d 276 (N.J. Super Ct.) Plan sued provider after discovering he was waiving patient responsibility obligations. Plan argued provision in member s policy applied, which provided no payment would be made for charges which member was not legally obligated to pay. Court agreed with plan. If provider wanted to receive payment under plan, he must collect co-payments. Suit by state dental association against dentist for fraudulent billing practices. Court found dentist lied to payors when he submitted charge of $100 and only intended to collect $80 from payor and waive patient responsibility. Court ordered dentist to disclose waiver practice to all payors so they could make correct payments based on actual charges. Initial Visit Exam: $120 X-Rays: $130 CMT: $65 97014: $35 Total: $350 Routine Visit CMT $65 97110: $50 97014: $35 97012: $35 Total: $185 Initial Visit Capped Fee: $150 Or 20% Discount Modalities: $10 Procedures: $20 Routine Visit Capped Fee: $65 Or 20% Discount Re-Exams: $25 Each Film: $15 100%Poverty: 75%Discount 125%Poverty: 50%Discount 150%Poverty: 25%Discount 65

How Do We Join? www.chirohealthusa.com What About Professional Courtesy? Review the Fact Sheet Who do you offer courtesy to? Staff? Other DCs? What about when insurance is involved? Write your policy Clear Understanding of Hardship and Discounted Fees Your hardship agreement can co-exist with other fee schedules. You must set the standard up front, have qualifying factors, and verify eligibility. Utilize a standardized form and system What may NOT be financial hardship? No insurance High deductible I don t wanna pay that much My other doctor didn t charge my copays Pulse and a spine Mistakes and Blunders 66

Co-Pay or Deductible Waivers for Hardship-(Fact Sheet) The waiver is not offered as part of any advertisement or solicitation; Waivers are not routinely offered to patients; The waiver occurs after determining in good faith that the individual is in financial need; The waiver occurs after reasonable collection efforts have failed. 2014 Financial Hardship Form Need Help? Info@kmcuniversity.com 67