Chapter 2 Section 3 Thirteen English Colonies
I. Introduction A. People came to the American colonies for many reasons 1. Riches 2. Religion 3. Fresh start 4. Land B. Had to learn a new land and adapt to it
II. The New England Colonies A. New England was very different than Virginia region (Middle Colonies) 1. Not good farm land 2. Became haven for religious dissenters, not investors 3. Distinct character
II. The New England Colonies B. Massachusetts 1. Colony prospered 2. Religious differences caused difficulties 3. Roger Williams a. Believed settlers needed to pay Natives for land b. Preached everyone could worship as they pleased 4. Anne Hutchinson a. Challenged authority and teachings of Puritan church 5. Both banished from Massachusetts
II. The New England Colonies C. Rhode Island 1. 1635-Roger Williams called before court in Massachusetts a. Told judge he had no power over him or his congregation b. Judge ordered him back to England 2. Williams fled south to Narragansett Bay a. Bought land from natives b. Established settlement he called Providence
II. The New England Colonies C. Rhode Island 3. 1644-English government gave Williams a charter a. Brought together several settlements into Rhode Island b. All people allowed to worship as they pleased c. First colony to promote religious freedom d. Religious freedom attracted many people e. Jews, Quakers
II. The New England Colonies D. Connecticut and New Hampshire 1. Limited amount of good farmland led colonists elsewhere 2. Minister Thomas Hooker led followers west a. Connecticut River Valley b. Set up many settlements 3. 1639-Fundamental Orders of Connecticut a. Plan for union of settlements b. Basis for documents that would establish rights and responsibilities in the United States
II. The New England Colonies D. Connecticut and New Hampshire 3. 1639-Fundamental Orders of Connecticut c. All men who owned land could vote, regardless of religion d. Limited governor s power e. Expanded idea of representative government 4. Other colonists moved north in area that is now New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont a. New Hampshire became colony in 1679
III. The Middle Colonies A. South of New England colonies 1. Became known as Middle Colonies B. New York 1. Economic factors led to development of New York 2. 1609-Hudson sailed up River for Dutch a. Reported it was teeming with beaver b. Beaver skin hats fashionable in Europe 3. Dutch started colony on island at mouth of Hudson River a. New Amsterdam b. Rest of land around river named New Netherland
III. The Middle Colonies B. New York 4. Most people came to trap furs 5. To encourage settlement Dutch gave large grants of land to patroons a. Had to bring 50 settlers within 4 years 6. English seized the colony in 1664 a. Renamed it New York b. New Amsterdam became New York City
III. The Middle Colonies C. New Jersey 1. New Netherland was divided into two parts 2. Duke of York gave the southern part to two friends 3. One of these friends was from the English island of Jersey a. Became known as New Jersey 4. New Jersey had rich soil a. Attracted people from all over b. Many settlers came from New England for better farm land c. Built system of roads to connect colony
III. The Middle Colonies D. Pennsylvania 1. Quakers had a large following in England a. Believed in equality, kindness, religious freedom 2. English leaders considered them dangerous a. Against all wars and killing b. Would not serve in British Army c. Put in prison, beaten 3. Quakers looked to North America for safe home
III. The Middle Colonies D. Pennsylvania 4. William Penn pleaded with King Charles II for home for Quakers a. Charles owed Penn s father money b. Paid debt in land in America 5. Named new land Pennsylvania (Penn s woods) a. Paid Native Americans already living there b. Holy Experiment-all people of all religions welcome
III. The Middle Colonies D. Pennsylvania 6. Thousands of immigrants came from all over Europe a. Eager for farmland b. Germans, Irish, Scottish, French, Dutch 7. By 1700 Pennsylvania was richest of all colonies
III. The Middle Colonies E. Delaware 1. Swedes settled on the Delaware River 2. Dutch wiped out the colony 3. When English took over New Netherland, land became part of Pennsylvania 4. Began making own laws in 1704 5. Became colony of Delaware around the time of Revolutionary War
IV. The Southern Colonies A. Southern colonies had distinctive way of life 1. Large farms and slave labor along coastal plain 2. Farming and slavery uncommon in mountainous western region B. Maryland 1. English noble George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, founded in 1625 a. Became a Roman Catholic b. Catholics had no rights in England c. Wanted a haven for Catholics d. King granted land along Chesapeake Bay e. Died before colony established
IV. The Southern Colonies B. Maryland 2. Cecilius inherited father s land grant a. Started St. Mary s settlement in 1634 b. Became part of Maryland 3. Maryland s rich land attracted many settlers a. Many of the settlers were not Catholic b. In ten years, Catholics less than ¼ of population 4. Colony passed Toleration Act of 1649 a. Protected all Christians, Catholics, and Protestants b. First law protecting religious freedom in colonies c. Less tolerant of non-christian religions
IV. The Southern Colonies C. Virginia 1. Began with Jamestown settlement 2. Continued to attract settlers 3. At first, existed on subsistence farming 4. Later, profits from tobacco fueled need for slave labor a. Families started buying things they needed from tobacco profits
IV. The Southern Colonies C. Virginia 5. King James dislikes tobacco and the House of Burgesses a. Took back charter, made a royal colony b. Planned to do away with H.O.B., but died c. Successor permitted H.O.B. d. Virginia remained loyal colony until Revolution
IV. The Southern Colonies D. The Carolinas 1. Settled by colonists who spread South 2. Some were English colonists from West Indies who brought slaves with them a. Carolina was first English colony to have slaves from the start b. 1710-Africans were largest single group in colony 3. Slaves worked on indigo, tobacco and rice plantations 4. Tensions between farmers in northern and southern areas led to split in colony in 1729
IV. The Southern Colonies E. Georgia 1. Last colony to be settled 2. Founder James Oglethorpe studied prisons in England 3. Asked King George II for land for a colony of debtors 4. There were no colonies between Spanish Florida and Carolinas a. English settlement could claim land
IV. The Southern Colonies E. Georgia 5. 1733-started settlement in Savannah 6. Oglethorpe exercised complete control over settlers a. Told them what crops to plant b. Forbade slavery 7. Georgia grew slowly 8. Once restrictions lifted, Georgia began to prosper