RICHARD NIXON President of the United States ARTHUR F.SAMPSON Acting Administrator of General Services JAMES B. RHOADS Archivist of the United States The records reproduced in the microfilm publication are from Records of the Adjutant General's Office, 1780's-1917 Record Group 94 in the National Archives Building
COMPILED SERVICE RECORDS OF VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS WHO SERVED FROM 1784 to 1811 On the 32 rolls of this microfilm publication are reproduced the compiled service records of volunteer soldiers who served from 1784 to 1811. The compiled service records consist of a jacket-envelope for each soldier, which typically contains card abstracts of entries relating to the soldier as found in original muster rolls, payrolls, receipt rolls, returns, and lists. These compiled service records are part of the Records of the Adjutant General's Office, 1780 f s-1917, Record Group 94. The U.S. Military Establishment, between the end of the Revolutionary War and the beginning of the War of 1812, consisted of a small Regular Army that was supplemented, when necessary, with State and Territorial militia units that were called into the service of the National Government. Volunteers, raised by individual States, territories, or the National Government to meet specific emergencies, also constituted a part of the Military Establishment. By the time of the signing of the Treaty of Paris, September 3, 1783, the American Army of the Revolutionary War was already in the process of dissolution. On January 29, 1784, a committee reported to the Congress that the American Army had been disbanded except for one infantry regiment, commanded by Col. Henry Jackson, and a small detachment of artillery. The committee recommended that Jackson's regiment be fully officered and consist of 500 rank and file formed from those soldiers "whose times of service do not expire until the year 1785." On June 2, 1784, the Congress directed that all U.S. troops be discharged with the exception of an artillery company of 80 privates and the appropriate number of officers necessary to guard the military stores at West Point, Fort Pitt, and other depots. On June 3, however, the Congress resolved that the States of Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania furnish from their militia units a force of 700 men for a period of 12 months. Pennsylvania was directed to contribute the greatest number of troops, and the Congress directed that the commander of this regiment be furnished by that State. Lt. Col. Josiah Harmar became commander of this First Regiment of Infantry. The artillery company that had been retained in the service formed part of this new infantry regiment. The following April, an act of Congress authorized the raising of 700 men to replace those previously enlisted in the First Regiment of Infantry whose enlistments would soon expire. The final authorization for raising troops under the Articles of Confederation came October 3, 1787, when the Congress enacted legislation to continue the strength of the First Regiment at 700 men.
The Constitution of the United States empowered the Congress to "provide for the common Defence." To carry out this provision, the Constitution specifically authorized the Congress to declare war, raise and support armies, provide and maintain a navy, provide for the calling up of the militia, and establish rules for the regulation of land and naval forces as well as for the organizing, arming, and disciplining of the militia. The Constitution placed the executive authority of the Government in the Office of the President and invested the holder of that Office with the role of "Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States." Exercising its constitutional powers, the Congress took under consideration the matter of defining the nature of the Military Establishment. On August 7, 1789, an act (1 Stat. 49) was adopted that set up an executive department, to be known as the Department of War, and directed the Secretary for the Department of War to carry out the duties assigned to him by the President. Soon after taking office, President Washington sought from the Congress a statutory basis for the existing military forces of the Nation, and on September 29, 1789, the Congress enacted legislation (1 Stat. 95) to recognize and retain the organization of troops that had been raised by the Confederation Congress in its resolution of October 3, 1787. Subsequent congressional action increased the size and altered the composition of the Military Establishment. On April 30, 1790, the Congress passed an act (1 Stat. 119) to enlist a maximum number of 1,216 regular troops. As a consequence of the legislation of September 1789 and that of April 1790, the earlier units mentioned (Jackson's First American Regiment, Harmar's First U.S. Regiment, and the Battalion of Artillery) became the nucleus of the Regular Army of the United States. Legislation enacted on March 3, 1791 (1 Stat. 222), gave the President the authority to enlist as many as 2,000 levies in addition to or in place of militia. These levies, whose period of service was limited to 6 months, were raised and maintained by the Federal Government, and thus were distinguishable from State militia that were called into "Federal service. The Congress also enacted a basic militia law on May 8, 1792 (1 Stat. 271), that called for the enrollment of "every able-bodied white male citizen between the ages of 18 and 45." The law further directed that each citizen enrolled provide himself with a "good musket, or firelock, and a sufficient bayonet and belt." The Congress prescribed a system of discipline for the militia based on the rules of discipline and field exercises of Maj. Gen. Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, as amended by General Washington.
In addition to State militia units, the Congress provided for the organization of militia units in the territories of the United States (1 Stat. 271). When a government was formally constituted for a territory, the Congress recognized the organization of a Territorial militia and made the Governor of the territory its commander in chief. Territorial militia units were organized in the same manner and operated under the same regulations as did the State units. COMPILED SERVICE RECORDS The military service records of soldiers who served in the various Indian campaigns, insurrections, and disturbances that occurred between 1784 and 1811 were compiled from original records maintained by the Office of the Adjutant General. This Office was the administrative and recordkeeping department of the Military Establishment. Its duties included exercising administrative control over the orders, correspondence, and records of the Army; recording, authenticating, and communicating orders, regulations, and instructions to units and individuals in the military service; consolidating the general returns of the Army and the militia; preparing and issuing commissions; and managing the recruiting service. During most of the 19th century, the Adjutant.General's Office also acted as custodian for the historical records of the Regular Army and the military records of volunteer forces. War Department orders of July 3 and 16, 1889, directed the Adjutant General to relinquish certain functions executed by his Office that related to the military records of Volunteers and directed that a Record and Pension Division be established in the War Department to take custody of those records and transact the pension and departmental business connected with them. On May 9, 1892, an act (27 Stat. 27) designated this Division the Record and Pension Office. In the process of carrying out its authorized functions, the Record and PensioiuOffice brought together the original records of volunteer soldiers who served the United States between 1784 and 1811. Some of these records were located in the War Department; others accompanied the Revolutionary War records that various executive departments transferred to the War Department under congressional authorizations of July 27, 1892, and August 18, 1894. Other original records were borrowed by the Record and Pension Office from various States so that copies could be made and placed on file in that Office. The Record and Pension Office operated as a separate administrative unix within the War Department from 1889 to 1904 when it was combined with the Adjutant General's Office to form the Military Secretary's Office. Three years later War Department orders designated this Office the Adjutant General's Office.
As a result of these reorganizations, the records that had originally been accumulated by the Record and Pension Office were placed in the care of the Adjutant General. In 1912 the Adjutant General's Office began to abstract and card original records showing the military service of Volunteers who served between 1784 and 1811. The compiled service records reproduced in this microfilm publication are arranged under the designations U.S. Organizations, State Organizations, and Territorial Organizations, there'- under by unit, and thereunder alphabetically by soldier's surname. Units identified by number precede those identified by name; for example, for the State of Georgia, the Third Regiment of Militia precedes the Georgia Militia. When a body of troops is designated only by the type of unit, such as Scouts and Spies or General Staff, it is placed after the units bearing numerical or nominal designations within a particular State or territory. There are cross-references for soldiers' names that appear in the records under more than one spelling. Preceding the jacket-envelopes for the individual soldiers in each unit are envelopes containing cards onto which have been copied captions taken from the original records. These caption cards generally include information on when, where, and under whom the unit operated and often bear a copy of the certification and endorsement found on the original record. In a few cases, personal papers that relate solely to a particular soldier have been filed with the carded abstracts in the jacket-envelope bearing the soldier's name. There is also a series of personal papers that have not been placed in jacketenvelopes. These personal papers include pay and subsistence accounts and miscellaneous documents that were not interfiled with the jacketed abstracts for a number of reasons. Frequently the information they contained was incomplete or defective in some way so that they could not be positively related to any soldier for whom there was a compiled service record. These unfiled papers follow the service records for the Territorial Organizations and are arranged alphabetically by name of soldier; a list of the soldiers' names concludes the table of contents. INDEXES There are card indexes to the service records reproduced in this publication. A general name index, which is part of Record Group 94, is available as National Archives Microfilm Publication M694, Index to Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Soldiers Who Served From 1784 to 1811. Separate smaller indexes for U.5. Organizations, each State, and each territory include the same names as the general index and are part of the same record group.
RELATED RECORDS The original records from which these service records were abstracted are in Records of the Adjutant General's Office, 1780's-1917, Record Group 94, with the exception of a volume in Records of United States Army Commands, 1784-1821, Record Group 98. This volume consists of an inspection return of officers of the American Regiment of Foot under Col. Henry Jackson at West Point in May 1784. Correspondence, records of accounts, and other records created by the early Military Establishment that pertain to the mustering, equipping, provisioning, and paying of the volunteer forces are available in Record Group 94. An important series of records relating to this period is available as M904, War Department Collection of Post Revolutionary War Manuscripts. Several numbered record books in the War Department Collection of Revolutionary War Records, Record Group 93, include material relating to military affairs after the Revolutionary War. These numbered record books are reproduced as M853, Numbered Record Books Concerning Military Operations and Service, Pay and Settlement of Accounts, and Supplies in the War Department Collection of Revolutionary War Records. In many cases, soldiers who served between 1784 and 1811 had served previously with an organization of troops during the Revolutionary War. If an individual served during the Revolutionary War, a record of his service may be located among the compiled service records of Revolutionary War soldiers. These records are part of Record Group 93, and they have been reproduced as M881, Compiled Service Records of Soldiers Who Served in the American Army During the Revolutionary War. Card indexes to these service records are also available on microfilm as M860, General Index to the Compiled Military Service Records of Revolutionary War Soldiers. Information concerning where, when, and how long a soldier enlisted in the Regular Army appears on Registers of Enlistments, 1798-1912. These registers, which are part of Record Group 94, are reproduced as M233, Registers of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1884. If a soldier whose compiled service record appears in this microfilm publication applied for a pension or a bounty land warrant, additional information about him may be located among the pension and bounty land warrant application files in Records of the Veterans Administration, Record Group 15. Pension and bounty land warrant application files based on the service of Revolutionary War military and naval personnel have been reproduced as M804, Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land-Warrant
Application Files. Pension application case files based on service between 1783 and 1861 ("Old Wars" series) include claims relating to soldiers whose compiled service records are reproduced in this publication. A name index to these files has been microfilmed as T316. Legislative records, including journals, correspondence, and other related materials of the Confederation Congress that affected the Military Establishment, are in Records of the Continental and Confederation Congresses and the Constitutional Convention, Record Group 360. These records are reproduced as M247, Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789, and M332, Miscellaneous Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789. Legislative records created after 1789 are in Records of the United States House of Representatives, Record Group 233, and in Records of the United States Senate, Record Group 46. Records relating to fiscal matters are in Records of the Bureau of Accounts (Treasury), Record Group 39; Records of the Bureau of the Public Debt, Record Group 53; General Records of the Department of the Treasury, Record Group 56; and Records of the United States General Accounting Office, Record Group 217. These introductory remarks were written by Richard Myers.
CONTENTS Roll Description U.S. Organizations Forerunners of the Regular Army of the United States 1 First American Regiment, 1784 First U.S. Regiment (Harmar), 1785-90 A - L 2 M - Z Battalion of Artillery Captain Burbeck's Co. Captain Savage's Co. U.S. Levies 3 First Regiment (Darke) A - L 4 M - Y 5 Second Regiment A - L 6 M - Y Miscellaneous Units Allison's Regiment, 1790 Captain Johnston's Corps of Artillery, 1785 Shorey's Corps of Cherokee Scouts, 1800 7 State Organizations Georgia First Regiment, Cavalry, Militia (Washington County) First Regiment, Militia (Greene County) First (Tripletts 1 ) Regiment, Militia Second (Lamar's) Regiment, Militia Second Regiment, First Brigade, Third Division, Militia Third Regiment, Militia (Wilkes County) Fourth Regiment, Militia (Wilkes County) Camden County Regiment, Militia 8 Georgia Militia 9 Melton's Regiment, Militia Stewart's Command, Militia Watt's Command, Militia Scouts and Spies, Militia Kentucky Sixth Regiment, Militia Ninth (Trotter's) Regiment, Militia Twenty-fourth (Ramsay's) Regiment, Militia Adair's Regiment, Cavalry, Volunteers 10 Captain Baker's Co., Volunteers David Caldwell's Battalion, Cavalry, Volunteers John Caldwell's Battalion, Mounted Volunteers 11 Conn's Battalion, Mounted Volunteers Captain Dyal's Co., Volunteers Captain Geiger's Co., Mounted Riflemen Captain Gray's Co., Militia
Roll Description 12 Hall's Regiment, Cavalry, Volunteers Captain Holmes' Co., Militia Captain Hughes' Co., Militia Huston's Battalion, Mounted Volunteers Kentucky Volunteers (Various Organizations) Sergeant McAffry's Guard, Volunteers Lieutenant Modrel's Co., Militia 13 Captain Patterson's Co., Militia Price's Battalion, Mounted Volunteers Russell's Regiment, Cavalry, Volunteers 14 Russell's Battalion, Mounted Volunteers Captain Taylor's Co., Militia Major Wells' Corps, Mounted Riflemen Whitaker's Battalion, Mounted Volunteers 15 Generals and Staffs, Volunteer Militia Scouts and Spies 16 New Hampshire Captain Bell's Co. Captain Salter's Co., Matrosses New Jersey Captain Shaver's Troop, Light Dragoons, Volunteers Ohio Buell's Corps, Militia Pennsylvania Captain Crawford's Co., Rangers, Militia Captain Donahe's Detachment, Militia McCully's Corps, Riflemen, Militia Captain Van Horn's Co., Militia Scouts and Spies 17 Virginia Seventh Regiment (Second Battalion), Militia Nineteenth Regiment (First Battalion), Militia Twentieth Regiment, Militia Thirty-third (Mayo's) Regiment, Militia Fifty-second Regiment, Militia Fifty-fourth (Sharp's) Regiment, Militia 18 One Hundred Thirteenth Regiment, Militia One Hundred Fifteenth Regiment, Militia Captain Armistead's Co., Militia Benn's Battalion (Campbell's Regiment), Militia Captain Bohannan's Co., Militia Captain Bowden's Troop, Cavalry, Militia 19 Captain Butt's Co., Militia Captain Coke's Troop, Cavalry, Militia Captain Day's Co., Militia Captain Dicks' Troop, Cavalry, Militia Capt. William Jones' Co., Militia Captain Jordan's Co., Militia Captain Kelsick's Co., Militia 8
Roll Description Captain Lee's Co., Militia Major Lewis' Command Captain Maurice's Co., Militia Captain Murdaugh's Troop, Cavalry, Militia Captain Pollard's Artillery Co., Militia Captain Sheppard's Troop, Cavalry, Militia 20 Capt. James Taylor's Co., Militia Capt. R. B. Taylor's Troop, Cavalry, Militia Capt. R. L. Taylor's Co., Militia Captain Veal's Co., Militia Virginia Militia (Various Organizations) Lieutenant Walter's Co., Militia Captain West's Co., Militia Lieutenant Woodroof's Co., Militia Scouts and Spies 21 Territorial Organizations Indian Territory First (Jordan's) Regiment, Militia Second (Bartholomew's) Regiment, Militia Fourth (Decker's) Regiment, Militia 22 Lieutenant Berry's Detachment, Mounted Riflemen, Militia Captain DuBois' Co., Spies and Guides, Militia Indiana Territory Militia (Various Organizations) Parke's Squadron, Light Dragoons, Militia Captain Robb's Co., Mounted Riflemen, Militia Major Robb's Detachment, Militia Captain Spencer's Co., Mounted Riflemen, Militia General Staff, Militia 23 Illinois Territory Captain Alexander's Co., Militia Captain Ford's Co., Militia Ensign Judy's Detachment, Mounted Infantry, Militia Captain Whiteside's Co., Mounted Infantry, Militia Ensign Whiteside's Detachment, Mounted Infantry, Militia Louisiana Territory Captain Buis' Co., Dragoons, Militia Captain Ellis' Co., Dragoons, Militia Captain Journey's Co., Riflemen, Militia Louisiana Territory Militia (Various Organizations) Captain Pratte's Co., Militia Captain Shrader's Co., Dragoons, Militia Lieutenant Valois! Detachment, Dragoons, Militia Captain Wherry's Co., Dragoons, Militia 24 Mississippi Territory First (Claiborne's) Regiment, Militia Second (Fitzpatrick's) Regiment, Militia Fifth' Regiment, Militia 25 Captain Davidson's Troops, Dragoons, Militia
Roll Description Lieutenant Hinds' Troop, Dragoons, Volunteers Orleans Territory Eighth Regiment, Militia Tenth Regiment, Militia DuBourg's Battalion, Militia Territory Northwest of the Ohio River Gano's Command, Militia 26 Territory South of the Ohio River Second (Scott's) Regiment, Militia (1793) Beard's Battalion, Militia % Captain Beard's Co., Guards Ensign Blair's Detachment Ensign Brooks' Detachment Carter's Regiment, Militia 27 Christian's Regiment, Militia Cornet Davidson's Detachment Davidson County Rangers Doherty's Regiment, Militia 28 Donaldson's Regiment, Militia Ford's Regiment, Militia Sergeant Gibbon's Detachment Corporal Hazlett's Detachment, Mounted Militia Corporal Morton's Detachment, Mounted Infantry Johnson's Detachment, Mounted Militia Kennedy's Regiment, Militia 29 Knox County Regiment, Hamilton District Militia Ac - Ew 30 Fa - Ma 31 Me - Yo 32 Sergeant Lowry's Detachment, Mounted Infantry Ore's Regiment, Militia Isaac Roberts' Regiment, Militia James Robert's Regiment, Militia Scott's Regiment, Militia (1794) Sumner County Militia Lieutenant Walker's Co., Rangers Lieutenant Williams, Detachment Unfiled Papers Aaron Adams William Aggie Thomas Anderson Henry Anslee Robert Barr Stephen Cleaver Charles Connor Ebenezer Cummings Sam R. Davidson Timothy Demumbroe John Dohathy 10
Roll Description James Dougan James Graham Richard H. Greater James Grimes Thomas Hickman Jonas Ingham Josiah Ingham Thomas James Michael Kerrel Baptiste Latulipe G. A. Martin Walter Maxey James McCoy Britton McDonald Florence McGiggen Charles McLean William O'Neal Francis Grimy Hanray Pickel John Nelson Samuel Philips John H. Robinson Frederick Simpf John Smiley Richard Taylor Nathaniel Teel John Twiggs Luke Vories James White Caleb Worley 11 GSA DC 73-13806