For further information: Carol Courter / Release #6016. Online Job Ads Decreased 69,300 in April

News Release Follow The Conference Board For further information: Carol Courter 212-339-0232 / courter@conference-board.org Release #6016 For Immediate Release 10:00 AM ET, Wednesday, May 2, 2018 Online Job Ads Decreased 69,300 in April Following the March increase, HWOL registered a small loss in April Professional occupation category saw small gains while Services/Production saw losses NEW YORK, May 2, 2018 Online advertised vacancies decreased 69,300 to 4,750,500 in April, according to The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine (HWOL) Data Series, released today. The March Supply/Demand rate stands at 1.37 unemployed for each advertised vacancy, with a total of 1.8 million more unemployed workers than the number of advertised vacancies. The number of unemployed was approximately 6.6 million in March. The Professional occupational category saw gains in Computer and math (19.1) and Arts, design, entertainment (-8.0). The Services/Production occupational category saw changes in Sales (-20.8), Construction (-17.5), and Building and grounds (-12.3). NOTE: Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. 1

REGIONAL AND STATE HIGHLIGHTS Among the largest States, 5 increased, 14 decreased, and 1 was constant Among the 50 States, 26 increased, 21 declined, and 3 were constant Table A: State Labor Demand, Selected States, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Supply/ Total Ads 1 Change Demand Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Apr-18 Apr-Mar 18 Mar-18 United States 4,750.5-69.3 1.37 NORTHEAST 903.9-30.3 1.60 Massachusetts 141.4 0.0 0.91 New Jersey 140.3-7.3 1.40 New York 281.2-17.7 1.50 Pennsylvania 206.0-3.6 1.45 SOUTH 1,562.0-14.4 1.90 Florida 244.3-11.1 1.57 Georgia 152.7 0.6 1.49 Maryland 93.4-2.3 1.44 North Carolina 136.3-2.1 1.61 Texas 337.1 1.8 1.65 Virginia 147.2-0.6 0.99 MIDWEST 1,062.4-2.2 1.56 Illinois 187.4 0.2 1.59 Michigan 140.2 4.3 1.69 Minnesota 134.3-0.8 0.73 Missouri 88.2-0.5 1.24 Ohio 169.8-6.5 1.43 Wisconsin 102.7 0.2 0.88 WEST 1,176.0-19.8 1.77 Arizona 92.4-0.6 1.77 California 540.1-19.2 1.48 Colorado 121.2-1.0 0.74 Washington 139.8-3.9 1.24 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. The release schedule, national historic table and technical notes to this series are available on The Conference Board web site, http://www.conference-board.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. The historical series for the States and the 52 largest MSAs is available from Haver Analytics. The underlying data for The Conference Board HWOL is collected by Wanted Analytics, a CEB Company. 2

April Changes for States In April, online labor demand grew in 26 States, declined in 21 States, and 3 were constant. All four regions experienced decreases. The Northeast decreased 30,300 in April (Table A). New York decreased 17,700 to 281,200. New Jersey decreased 7,300 to 140,300. Massachusetts remained constant at 141,400. Pennsylvania decreased 3,600 to 206,000. In the smaller States, Connecticut decreased 100 to 65,400. New Hampshire increased 400 to 24,000 and Maine decreased 600 to 18,100. Rhode Island increased 700 to 15,800 and Vermont remained constant at 11,600 (Table 3). The West decreased 19,800 in April. California decreased 19,200 to 540,100 and Colorado decreased 1,000 to 121,200. Washington decreased 3,900 to 139,800. Arizona decreased 600 to 92,400. Among the smaller States in the West, Oregon increased 1,300 to 73,800. Utah increased 700 to 52,800. Nevada increased 1,000 to 44,700. Idaho grew 500 to 23,200 and New Mexico increased 200 to 26,000. Montana fell 200 to 18,600 and Hawaii decreased 100 to 21,400. The Midwest experienced a decrease of 2,200 in April. Illinois grew 200 to 187,400 and Michigan increased 4,300 to 140,200. Missouri decreased 500 to 88,200 and Ohio decreased 6,500 to 169,800. Minnesota decreased 800 to 134,300 and Wisconsin increased 200 to 102,700. Among the smaller States in the region, Indiana decreased 1,400 to 83,600 and Iowa increased 2,100 to 59,700. Nebraska remained constant at 29,700 and South Dakota increased 200 to 13,500. Kansas increased 600 to 37,300. The South decreased 14,400 in April. Among the larger States in the region, Texas increased 1,800 to 337,100. Florida decreased 11,100 to 244,300. North Carolina decreased 2,100 to 136,300. Georgia increased 600 to 152,700. Virginia decreased 600 to 147,200. Maryland decreased 2,300 to 93,400. Among the smaller States, Tennessee decreased 500 to 81,300 and South Carolina increased 800 to 61,200. Alabama grew 1,100 to 51,800. Kentucky grew 1,000 to 46,500 and Oklahoma increased 500 to 40,000. Louisiana increased 600 to 40,900 and Delaware increased 300 to 16,900. Supply/Demand Rates: Help Wanted OnLine calculates Supply/Demand rates for the 50 States (Table 4). The data are for March 2018, the latest month for which State unemployment figures are available. There were 12 States in which the number of advertised vacancies exceeded the number of unemployed: Hawaii (0.65), North Dakota (0.68), Minnesota (0.73), Colorado (0.74), New Hampshire (0.81), Iowa (0.82), Vermont (0.83), Wisconsin (0.88), Massachusetts (0.91), Utah (0.93), Nebraska (0.95), and Virginia (0.99). The States with the highest Supply/Demand rates were Louisiana (2.36), Mississippi (2.13), West Virginia (2.08), and New Mexico (2.03), which had more than two unemployed workers for every job opening. Please note that the Supply/Demand rate only provides a measure of relative tightness of the individual State labor markets and does not suggest that the occupations of the unemployed directly align with the occupations of the advertised vacancies. 3

METRO AREA HIGHLIGHTS In April, five of the 20 largest metro areas rose and 15 declined Among the 52 metro areas, 15 rose, 35 declined, and 2 were constant (Table 5) Table B: MSA Labor Demand, Selected MSA's, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Total Ads 1 Change (Thousands) (Thousands) Supply/ Demand Rate 2 Location Apr-18 Apr - Mar 18 Feb-18 United States 4,750.5-69.3 1.37 NORTHEAST 903.9-30.3 1.60 Boston, MA 110.4 0.1 0.79 New York, NY 282.0-16.6 1.43 Philadelphia, PA 98.5-4.3 1.42 SOUTH 1,562.0-14.4 1.90 Atlanta, GA 102.1 0.9 1.27 Baltimore, MD 50.0-2.2 1.26 Dallas, TX 108.5-1.3 1.29 Houston, TX 72.8 0.7 2.25 Miami, FL 67.5-3.3 1.89 Washington, DC 145.6-1.8 0.79 MIDWEST 1,062.4-2.2 1.56 Chicago, IL 148.6-0.2 1.58 Cleveland, OH 32.2-0.8 1.65 Detroit, MI 67.8 2.9 1.39 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 95.6-0.6 0.63 WEST 1,176.0-19.8 1.77 Denver, CO 73.0 0.3 0.61 Los Angeles, CA 161.2-6.7 1.70 Phoenix, AZ 66.5-0.4 1.52 San Diego, CA 47.3-1.0 1.12 San Francisco, CA 111.9-2.5 0.65 San Jose, CA 61.5-0.1 0.52 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 93.2-2.0 0.93 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4

Metro Area Changes In April, labor demand rose in 15 metro areas, declined in 35, and 2 were constant. The MSAs with the largest changes in each of the regions were: Detroit 2,900) and Cincinnati (-2,400) in the Midwest; Los Angeles (-6,700) and San Francisco (-2,500) in the West; Miami (-3,300) and Orlando (-2,200) in the South; and New York (-16,600) and Philadelphia (-4,300) in the Northeast (See Table B and Table 5). The West decreased 19,800 in April. Seattle-Tacoma fell 2,000 to 93,200 and Phoenix decreased 400 to 66,500. San Francisco decreased 2,500 to 111,900. Los Angeles decreased 6,700 to 161,200. Denver increased 300 to 73,000 and San Jose fell 100 to 61,500. Riverside decreased 900 to 31,900. Portland grew 700 to 46,900. Sacramento decreased 1,400 at 27,000 and Salt Lake City increased 300 to 28,500. Honolulu fell 100 to 14,200 and Las Vegas grew 1,000 to 28,200. The South decreased 14,400 in April. Houston increased 700 to 72,800 and Dallas decreased 1,300 to 108,500. Miami decreased 3,300 to 67,500 and Washington, DC decreased 1,800 to 145,600. Austin grew 100 to 40,500 and Atlanta increased 900 to 102,100. Orlando decreased 2,200 to 34,900. Charlotte decreased 100 to 43,400. Tampa fell 1,800 to 41,600 and Baltimore decreased 2,200 to 50,000. San Antonio remained constant at 28,500. Nashville decreased 800 to 34,700. New Orleans remained constant at 15,100 and Birmingham increased 500 to 14,300. Louisville increased 100 to 16,900. The Northeast decreased 30,300 in April. New York decreased 16,600 to 282,000 and Pittsburgh decreased 2,800 to 43,900. Philadelphia decreased 4,300 to 98,500. Boston grew 100 to 110,400. Providence increased 700 to 21,000. Buffalo decreased 1,200 to 17,400. Hartford grew 100 to 26,300 and Rochester decreased 1,200 to 14,600. The Midwest experienced a decrease of 2,200 in April. Detroit increased 2,900 to 67,800 and Chicago decreased 200 to 148,600. Minneapolis-St. Paul decreased 600 to 95,600 and St. Louis fell 300 to 47,200. Indianapolis fell 900 to 31,500. Columbus decreased 1,100 to 36,700 and Cincinnati decreased 2,400 to 36,900. Kansas City increased 600 to 37,500 and Cleveland decreased 800 to 32,200. Milwaukee decreased 200 to 30,800. The number of postings does not, however, tell the entire story. A crucial factor is how many unemployed people are seeking jobs and how much competition there is for the jobs that are available. The Conference Board HWOL s Supply/Demand rate relates the number of unemployed workers to the number of advertised vacancies. Based on February s data (the latest available unemployment data for metro areas), 14 major metro areas saw more job openings than unemployed workers: San Jose (S/D rate of 0.52), Honolulu (0.61), Denver (0.61), Minneapolis-St. Paul (0.63), San Francisco (0.65), Salt Lake City (0.67), Milwaukee (0.73), Boston (0.79), Washington, DC (0.79), Nashville (0.81), Austin (0.86), Seattle-Tacoma (0.93), Indianapolis (0.95), and Columbus (0.97) (Table 6). Other favorable markets for job-seekers included Portland (1.02). In contrast, unemployed workers face great competition for each advertised position in Riverside (over 2 unemployed for every opening) as well as Houston (over 2 unemployed for every opening). In 50 of the 52 metro areas, however, there are now fewer than 2 unemployed per advertised opening. (See Table 6 for complete metro area Supply/Demand rates.) 5

OCCUPATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS In April, four of the largest ten online occupational categories posted increases and six declined (Table C) Table C: U.S. Top Ten Demand Occupations and Pay Levels, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 2 SOC 1 Occupation Apr-18 Apr-Mar 18 Mar-18 Mar-18 Wage 3 15 Computer and mathematical science 561.5 19.1 86.6 0.16 $43.18 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 525.4-4.5 166.7 0.31 $38.83 43 Office and administrative support 477.9-9.5 630.4 1.29 $18.24 41 Sales and related 449.7-20.8 733.9 1.56 $19.56 11 Management 432.8 6.0 306.9 0.72 $57.65 53 Transportation and material moving 384.2 1.1 519.2 1.35 $17.82 13 Business and financial operations 304.8-0.9 176.2 0.58 $36.70 35 Food preparation and serving related 211.7-7.8 618.4 2.82 $11.88 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 195.8-7.2 130.6 0.64 $23.02 25 Education, training, and library 177.2 2.9 348.7 2.00 $26.67 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 3. BLS Occupational Employment Statistics - May 2017 estimates. Average Hourly Occupational Changes for the Month of April In April, four of the largest ten online occupational categories posted increases and six declined. Computer and math ads increased 19,100 to 561,500. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.16, i.e. 6 advertised openings per unemployed job-seeker (see Table C and Table 7). Arts, design, entertainment ads decreased 8,000 to 99,300. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.36, i.e. over 1 unemployed job-seekers for every advertised available opening. Sales and related ads decreased 20,800 to 449,700. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.56, i.e. over 1 unemployed job-seekers for every advertised available opening. Construction ads decreased 17,500 to 103,800. The supply/demand rate lies at 4.60, i.e. over 4 unemployed jobseekers for every advertised available opening. Building and grounds ads decreased 12,300 to 97,000. The supply/demand rate lies at 3.32, i.e. 3 unemployed job-seekers for every advertised available opening. Office and admin ads decreased 9,500 to 477,900. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.29, i.e. 1 unemployed jobseeker for every advertised available opening. 6

PROGRAM NOTES Special Note Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. HWOL available on Haver Analytics Over 3,000 of the key HWOL press release time series are exclusively available on Haver Analytics. The available time series include the geographic and occupational series for levels and rates for both Total Ads and New Ads. In addition to the seasonally adjusted series, many of the unadjusted series are also available. The geographic detail includes: U.S., 9 Regions, 50 States, 52 MSAs (largest metro areas). The occupational detail includes: U.S. (2-digit SOC), States (1-digit SOC) and MSAs (1-digit SOC). For more information about the Help Wanted OnLine database delivered via Haver Analytics, please email sales@haver.com or navigate to http://www.haver.com/contact.html. For HWOL data for detailed geographic areas and occupations not in the press release, please contact Jeanne.Shu@conference-board.org. The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine Data Series (HWOL) measures the number of new, first-time online jobs and jobs reposted from the previous month for over 16,000 Internet job boards, corporate boards and smaller job sites that serve niche markets and smaller geographic areas. Like The Conference Board s long-running Help Wanted Advertising Index of print ads (which was published for over 55 years and discontinued in July 2008), the HWOL series measures help wanted advertising, i.e. labor demand. The HWOL data series began in May 2005. With the September 2008 release, HWOL began providing seasonally adjusted data for the U.S., the nine Census regions and the 50 States. Seasonally adjusted data for occupations were provided beginning with the May 2009 release, and seasonally adjusted data for the 52 largest metropolitan areas began with the February 2012 release. People using this data are urged to review the information on the database and methodology available on The Conference Board website and contact us with questions and comments. Background information and technical notes and discussion of revisions to the series are available at: http://www.conferenceboard.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. Additional information on the Bureau of Labor Statistics data used in this release can be found on the BLS website, www.bls.gov. The Conference Board The Conference Board is a global, independent business membership and research association working in the public interest. Our mission is unique: To provide the world s leading organizations with the practical knowledge they need to improve their performance and better serve society. The Conference Board is a non-advocacy, notfor-profit entity holding 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt status in the United States. 7

WANTED Analytics, a CEB Company WANTED is a leading supplier of real-time business intelligence solutions for the talent marketplace. Using technology to gather data from corporate career sites and online job boards, WANTED builds products to help our users make better human capital decisions faster. Users of our products include corporate human resources departments, market analysts and employment services firms as well as the federal, state and local labor market analysts that use HWOL. For more information, please visit: www.wantedanalytics.com. HAVER ANALYTICS Haver Analytics is the premier provider of time series data for the Global Strategy and Research community. Haver Analytics was founded in 1978 as a consulting firm and today provides the highest quality data and software for industry professionals. Haver provides products and services to clients in financial services, government, academia and various industry groups from consulting to manufacturing. From more information please see: http://www.haver.com/contact.html. Publication Schedule, Help Wanted OnLine Data Series Data for the Month Release Date May 2018 May 30, 2018 June 2018 July 2, 2018 July 2018 August 1, 2018 August 2018 September 5, 2018 September 2018 October 3, 2018 October 2018 October 31, 2018 November 2018 December 5, 2018 8

Table 1: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) M-O-M Change (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Apr-17 Mar-18 Apr-18 Apr-Mar 18 Apr-17 Mar-18 Apr-18 Apr-Mar 18 United States 4,617.3 4,819.7 4,750.5-69.3 1,990.1 2,027.4 2,007.2-20.2 New England 278.6 278.2 277.3-0.9 111.9 110.6 115.2 4.6 Middle Atlantic 622.8 656.0 626.6-29.3 264.0 269.7 257.2-12.5 South Atlantic 898.2 927.8 910.4-17.4 388.3 388.2 385.9-2.3 East North Central 657.0 687.1 683.0-4.1 269.1 272.5 273.2 0.7 East South Central 189.5 205.6 205.7 0.1 76.3 81.1 83.4 2.4 West North Central 384.4 377.5 379.4 1.9 154.4 150.8 153.0 2.2 West South Central 418.0 443.0 445.9 2.9 180.5 189.5 188.4-1.1 Mountain 377.8 386.3 386.4 0.1 173.2 165.3 173.1 7.8 Pacific 785.0 809.5 789.6-20.0 377.2 373.6 363.8-9.8 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. M-O-M Change (Thousands) 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Table 2: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads Rates, Seasonally Adjusted Location 2 Apr-17 Mar-18 Apr-18 Apr-17 Mar-18 Apr-18 United States 2.88 2.98 2.94 1.24 1.25 1.24 New England 3.51 3.50 3.49 1.41 1.39 1.45 Middle Atlantic 3.01 3.19 3.05 1.28 1.31 1.25 South Atlantic 2.85 2.91 2.86 1.23 1.22 1.21 East North Central 2.79 2.90 2.89 1.14 1.15 1.16 East South Central 2.18 2.36 2.36 0.88 0.93 0.96 West North Central 3.45 3.38 3.40 1.39 1.35 1.37 West South Central 2.22 2.33 2.34 0.96 1.00 0.99 Mountain 3.19 3.20 3.20 1.46 1.37 1.43 Pacific 3.01 3.08 3.00 1.45 1.42 1.38 1. Ads rates are calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ads rates represent the number of ads per 100 participants in the civilian labor force. 2. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Total Ads Rate 1 New Ads Rate 1 (Percent) (Percent) 9

Table 3: State Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Apr-17 Mar-18 Apr-18 Apr-Mar 18 Apr-17 Mar-18 Apr-18 Apr-Mar 18 United States 4,617.3 4,819.7 4,750.5-69.3 1,990.1 2,027.4 2,007.2-20.2 Alabama 46.7 50.8 51.8 1.1 18.3 19.7 20.2 0.5 Alaska 13.2 13.3 13.5 0.2 5.8 6.1 6.4 0.3 Arizona 93.9 93.0 92.4-0.6 43.4 39.1 41.4 2.3 Arkansas 26.5 27.3 28.8 1.5 10.4 10.8 11.6 0.8 California 532.7 559.3 540.1-19.2 258.7 255.1 244.2-10.9 Colorado 118.1 122.2 121.2-1.0 56.1 55.4 56.3 0.9 Connecticut 71.5 65.5 65.4-0.1 25.2 24.4 25.1 0.7 Delaware 15.5 16.6 16.9 0.3 6.1 6.7 6.7 0.0 Florida 244.2 255.3 244.3-11.1 118.9 117.9 112.3-5.6 Georgia 146.1 152.1 152.7 0.6 60.5 59.9 64.0 4.1 Hawaii 19.3 21.5 21.4-0.1 10.3 10.2 10.6 0.4 Idaho 22.7 22.7 23.2 0.5 10.9 9.6 10.4 0.8 Illinois 176.8 187.2 187.4 0.2 70.7 72.6 75.1 2.5 Indiana 77.8 85.0 83.6-1.4 29.5 31.8 31.8 0.0 Iowa 55.6 57.6 59.7 2.1 21.2 21.6 23.1 1.5 Kansas 38.3 36.7 37.3 0.6 14.8 13.4 14.8 1.4 Kentucky 41.1 45.5 46.5 1.0 16.2 17.9 19.0 1.1 Louisiana 40.9 40.2 40.9 0.6 17.2 16.8 17.1 0.3 Maine 17.3 18.7 18.1-0.6 7.0 7.1 7.4 0.3 Maryland 96.6 95.7 93.4-2.3 37.2 35.4 34.9-0.5 Massachusetts 140.1 141.4 141.4 0.0 58.3 56.7 59.5 2.8 Michigan 141.9 135.9 140.2 4.3 59.2 54.5 55.5 1.0 Minnesota 128.7 135.1 134.3-0.8 54.0 55.6 54.8-0.9 Mississippi 25.1 26.8 27.2 0.4 9.1 9.4 10.6 1.1 Missouri 99.9 88.7 88.2-0.5 41.4 37.2 37.0-0.2 Montana 19.3 18.7 18.6-0.2 8.4 8.0 8.2 0.1 Nebraska 29.4 29.7 29.7 0.0 11.6 12.0 12.1 0.2 Nevada 46.5 43.7 44.7 1.0 22.8 19.6 21.4 1.9 New Hampshire 23.9 23.6 24.0 0.4 10.4 9.7 10.4 0.7 New Jersey 145.9 147.6 140.3-7.3 62.9 61.6 55.3-6.3 New Mexico 24.7 25.9 26.0 0.2 9.7 10.6 11.0 0.4 New York 279.5 298.9 281.2-17.7 123.5 125.4 120.8-4.6 North Carolina 134.6 138.4 136.3-2.1 59.2 59.8 57.4-2.5 North Dakota 15.9 15.8 16.4 0.6 6.2 6.1 6.4 0.3 Ohio 160.1 176.3 169.8-6.5 67.4 73.4 68.7-4.7 Oklahoma 37.9 39.5 40.0 0.5 16.0 16.2 16.8 0.6 Oregon 68.0 72.5 73.8 1.3 36.8 37.0 38.6 1.6 Pennsylvania 198.1 209.6 206.0-3.6 78.0 82.5 81.7-0.8 Rhode Island 14.7 15.1 15.8 0.7 6.9 7.1 7.5 0.4 South Carolina 60.4 60.3 61.2 0.8 26.0 24.9 27.1 2.2 South Dakota 16.1 13.3 13.5 0.2 5.3 4.8 4.8 0.0 Tennessee 77.7 81.8 81.3-0.5 32.9 34.1 33.9-0.2 Texas 313.4 335.3 337.1 1.8 137.5 145.6 143.6-1.9 Utah 45.7 52.1 52.8 0.7 18.5 19.9 21.0 1.1 Vermont 10.3 11.6 11.6 0.0 4.4 5.2 5.3 0.2 Virginia 148.4 147.8 147.2-0.6 57.0 55.2 56.3 1.2 Washington 150.9 143.7 139.8-3.9 65.1 64.5 63.4-1.0 West Virginia 18.9 20.3 20.2-0.1 7.2 7.8 7.7-0.1 Wisconsin 101.4 102.5 102.7 0.2 41.1 40.7 40.7 0.0 Wyoming 7.8 8.3 8.5 0.3 3.0 3.1 3.3 0.1 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. M-O-M Change M-O-M Change 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 10

Table 4: State Labor Supply/Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads Rate 1 Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ (Percent) Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location Apr-17 Mar-18 Apr-18 Mar-18 Mar-18 Mar-18 Mar-18 United States 2.88 2.98 2.94 4.1 6,585.00 4,819.7 1.37 Alabama 2.15 2.35 2.40 3.8 81.23 50.8 1.60 Alaska 3.65 3.68 3.72 7.3 26.42 13.3 1.98 Arizona 2.85 2.77 2.75 4.9 164.55 93.0 1.77 Arkansas 1.96 2.02 2.13 3.8 51.35 27.3 1.88 California 2.77 2.88 2.79 4.3 827.46 559.3 1.48 Colorado 3.98 4.02 3.98 3.0 90.63 122.2 0.74 Connecticut 3.72 3.43 3.43 4.5 86.38 65.5 1.32 Delaware 3.24 3.46 3.53 4.3 20.70 16.6 1.25 Florida 2.42 2.51 2.40 3.9 400.38 255.3 1.57 Georgia 2.90 2.97 2.98 4.4 226.02 152.1 1.49 Hawaii 2.81 3.15 3.13 2.1 14.05 21.5 0.65 Idaho 2.75 2.68 2.74 2.9 24.67 22.7 1.09 Illinois 2.73 2.88 2.89 4.6 297.68 187.2 1.59 Indiana 2.34 2.56 2.52 3.2 105.09 85.0 1.24 Iowa 3.31 3.44 3.56 2.8 47.33 57.6 0.82 Kansas 2.59 2.49 2.53 3.4 50.09 36.7 1.36 Kentucky 2.00 2.22 2.27 4.0 82.87 45.5 1.82 Louisiana 1.94 1.89 1.92 4.4 94.78 40.2 2.36 Maine 2.47 2.67 2.59 2.7 19.12 18.7 1.02 Maryland 3.00 2.97 2.90 4.3 137.60 95.7 1.44 Massachusetts 3.83 3.85 3.85 3.5 128.80 141.4 0.91 Michigan 2.92 2.77 2.86 4.7 229.94 135.9 1.69 Minnesota 4.21 4.38 4.35 3.2 99.11 135.1 0.73 Mississippi 1.95 2.11 2.14 4.5 57.27 26.8 2.13 Missouri 3.28 2.92 2.90 3.6 109.99 88.7 1.24 Montana 3.68 3.56 3.53 4.1 21.61 18.7 1.15 Nebraska 2.92 2.94 2.94 2.8 28.21 29.7 0.95 Nevada 3.20 2.96 3.02 4.9 72.86 43.7 1.67 New Hampshire 3.20 3.16 3.22 2.6 19.26 23.6 0.81 New Jersey 3.23 3.28 3.11 4.6 207.10 147.6 1.40 New Mexico 2.66 2.77 2.78 5.6 52.44 25.9 2.03 New York 2.88 3.08 2.90 4.6 449.00 298.9 1.50 North Carolina 2.73 2.78 2.74 4.5 222.52 138.4 1.61 North Dakota 3.82 3.82 3.97 2.6 10.75 15.8 0.68 Ohio 2.77 3.06 2.94 4.4 252.56 176.3 1.43 Oklahoma 2.08 2.14 2.17 4.0 74.52 39.5 1.89 Oregon 3.25 3.40 3.47 4.1 88.21 72.5 1.22 Pennsylvania 3.08 3.27 3.21 4.8 304.17 209.6 1.45 Rhode Island 2.66 2.71 2.84 4.5 25.27 15.1 1.67 South Carolina 2.62 2.60 2.63 4.4 102.08 60.3 1.69 South Dakota 3.55 2.91 2.96 3.4 15.46 13.3 1.16 Tennessee 2.44 2.54 2.52 3.4 110.25 81.8 1.35 Texas 2.32 2.46 2.47 4.0 552.35 335.3 1.65 Utah 2.95 3.30 3.34 3.1 48.51 52.1 0.93 Vermont 3.00 3.35 3.36 2.8 9.59 11.6 0.83 Virginia 3.45 3.42 3.41 3.4 147.02 147.8 0.99 Washington 4.08 3.82 3.72 4.8 178.70 143.7 1.24 West Virginia 2.43 2.58 2.57 5.4 42.13 20.3 2.08 Wisconsin 3.22 3.24 3.25 2.9 90.43 102.5 0.88 Wyoming 2.64 2.84 2.93 3.9 11.22 8.3 1.35 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ad rates represent the number of ads per 100 persons in the civilian labor force. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Statistics and Local Area Unemployment Statistics programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 11

Table 5: MSA Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Apr-17 Mar-18 Apr-18 Apr-Mar 18 Apr-17 Mar-18 Apr-18 Apr-Mar 18 Birmingham, AL 13.5 13.8 14.3 0.5 5.2 5.5 5.8 0.3 Phoenix, AZ 65.4 66.9 66.5-0.4 31.0 29.0 30.1 1.1 Tucson, AZ 12.2 12.1 11.7-0.4 5.5 4.8 5.0 0.3 Los Angeles, CA 162.4 167.9 161.2-6.7 79.7 79.4 73.7-5.7 Riverside, CA 30.5 32.8 31.9-0.9 14.4 14.6 14.1-0.4 Sacramento, CA 27.7 28.4 27.0-1.4 14.1 13.4 12.6-0.8 San Diego, CA 48.2 48.3 47.3-1.0 24.6 23.3 23.2-0.1 San Francisco, CA 103.2 114.4 111.9-2.5 49.6 49.3 47.1-2.2 San Jose, CA 51.7 61.6 61.5-0.1 21.7 25.2 24.9-0.3 Denver, CO 69.3 72.8 73.0 0.3 32.7 33.1 34.1 1.1 Hartford, CT 27.2 26.2 26.3 0.1 9.3 9.8 9.8 0.0 Washington, DC 144.5 147.4 145.6-1.8 56.1 56.6 56.7 0.1 Jacksonville, FL 18.4 20.0 18.8-1.2 9.2 9.2 8.8-0.4 Miami, FL 65.9 70.8 67.5-3.3 32.2 33.1 31.3-1.9 Orlando, FL 34.0 37.1 34.9-2.2 15.9 15.8 14.9-0.9 Tampa, FL 45.1 43.4 41.6-1.8 21.2 20.5 18.7-1.8 Atlanta, GA 97.7 101.2 102.1 0.9 41.4 40.7 43.7 3.0 Honolulu, HI 12.7 14.3 14.2-0.1 7.1 7.2 7.2 0.0 Chicago, IL 140.2 148.8 148.6-0.2 56.5 57.2 59.1 1.9 Indianapolis, IN 29.6 32.4 31.5-0.9 11.9 12.3 12.4 0.1 Louisville, KY 16.2 16.8 16.9 0.1 6.5 6.7 7.1 0.4 New Orleans, LA 15.4 15.1 15.1 0.0 6.7 6.4 6.3-0.1 Baltimore, MD 50.4 52.2 50.0-2.2 19.6 19.8 18.9-0.9 Boston, MA 107.6 110.3 110.4 0.1 44.4 43.6 45.3 1.7 Detroit, MI 70.9 64.9 67.8 2.9 28.6 25.5 25.8 0.2 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 90.7 96.2 95.6-0.6 38.8 41.0 39.8-1.2 Kansas City, MO 41.6 36.9 37.5 0.6 17.2 14.8 16.1 1.3 St. Louis, MO 48.0 47.5 47.2-0.3 19.8 18.9 18.8-0.1 Las Vegas, NV 30.0 27.1 28.2 1.0 14.8 12.3 13.6 1.3 Buffalo, NY 16.3 18.5 17.4-1.2 6.8 7.4 7.2-0.1 New York, NY 283.8 298.6 282.0-16.6 124.8 126.1 116.5-9.6 Rochester, NY 14.2 15.8 14.6-1.2 6.2 6.4 5.9-0.5 Charlotte, NC 43.6 43.5 43.4-0.1 19.0 18.3 18.7 0.4 Cincinnati, OH 34.6 39.3 36.9-2.4 14.0 16.7 14.1-2.6 Cleveland, OH 29.8 33.0 32.2-0.8 12.1 13.2 12.4-0.8 Columbus, OH 34.7 37.8 36.7-1.1 15.0 16.2 15.2-1.0 Oklahoma City, OK 16.9 17.4 17.5 0.1 7.1 7.2 7.2 0.1 Portland, OR 43.7 46.3 46.9 0.7 23.5 23.2 24.0 0.7 Philadelphia, PA 95.5 102.9 98.5-4.3 38.6 40.3 39.0-1.3 Pittsburgh, PA 39.4 46.7 43.9-2.8 15.8 19.1 17.5-1.5 Providence, RI 20.3 20.3 21.0 0.7 9.1 9.2 9.4 0.2 Memphis, TN 15.3 16.7 16.7-0.1 6.1 6.5 7.0 0.5 Nashville, TN 33.1 35.5 34.7-0.8 14.7 14.9 14.2-0.7 Austin, TX 37.7 40.4 40.5 0.1 17.9 18.4 17.9-0.5 Dallas, TX 106.1 109.7 108.5-1.3 45.3 46.8 44.7-2.1 Houston, TX 61.4 72.1 72.8 0.7 27.2 31.9 30.8-1.1 San Antonio, TX 29.5 28.4 28.5 0.0 13.1 12.1 12.3 0.2 Salt Lake City, UT 24.3 28.3 28.5 0.3 9.8 10.7 11.2 0.5 Richmond, VA 20.5 21.5 20.9-0.7 9.1 9.3 9.0-0.3 Virginia Beach, VA 21.9 22.2 22.0-0.2 9.4 9.5 9.5 0.0 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 104.2 95.2 93.2-2.0 42.4 42.8 40.5-2.3 Milwaukee, WI 30.2 31.0 30.8-0.2 12.4 11.9 12.3 0.4 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Metropolitan areas use the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions. M-O-M Change (Thousands) M-O-M Change (Thousands) 12

Table 6: MSA Labor Supply /Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location 4 Apr-17 Mar-18 Apr-18 Feb-18 Feb-18 Feb-18 Feb-18 Birmingham, AL 2.49 2.57 2.66 3.3 17.9 13.9 1.29 Phoenix, AZ 2.83 2.83 2.82 4.5 105.2 69.4 1.52 Tucson, AZ 2.54 2.51 2.43 4.8 23.2 12.8 1.81 Los Angeles, CA 2.43 2.48 2.38 4.2 282.8 166.6 1.70 Riverside, CA 1.52 1.60 1.56 4.5 91.9 32.3 2.85 Sacramento, CA 2.60 2.61 2.48 3.9 42.2 28.8 1.46 San Diego, CA 3.07 3.03 2.97 3.5 55.5 49.4 1.12 San Francisco, CA 4.06 4.42 4.32 2.8 73.6 112.9 0.65 San Jose, CA 4.91 5.69 5.69 2.9 31.1 59.8 0.52 Denver, CO 4.42 4.48 4.49 2.7 44.2 72.1 0.61 Hartford, CT 4.35 4.19 4.21 4.7 29.3 27.3 1.07 Washington, DC 4.28 4.30 4.25 3.5 118.3 149.5 0.79 Jacksonville, FL 2.43 2.58 2.43 3.6 27.9 20.4 1.37 Miami, FL 2.11 2.23 2.13 4.2 133.3 70.5 1.89 Orlando, FL 2.62 2.77 2.60 3.5 46.3 36.7 1.26 Tampa, FL 2.97 2.81 2.69 3.6 56.2 42.7 1.32 Atlanta, GA 3.25 3.27 3.30 4.2 130.2 102.2 1.27 Honolulu, HI 2.64 3.02 3.00 1.9 9.1 15.0 0.61 Chicago, IL 2.88 3.03 3.02 4.7 231.9 146.5 1.58 Indianapolis, IN 2.84 3.08 2.99 2.9 30.3 32.0 0.95 Louisville, KY 2.43 2.52 2.53 3.4 22.6 16.4 1.37 New Orleans, LA 2.57 2.49 2.50 4.0 24.4 14.8 1.65 Baltimore, MD 3.35 3.46 3.31 4.4 65.9 52.1 1.26 Boston, MA 3.97 4.04 4.04 3.2 87.0 110.8 0.79 Detroit, MI 3.37 3.07 3.21 4.5 94.9 68.5 1.39 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 4.63 4.75 4.72 2.9 58.9 92.9 0.63 Kansas City, MO 3.67 3.27 3.32 3.5 39.3 37.9 1.04 St. Louis, MO 3.27 3.27 3.25 3.4 48.9 47.2 1.04 Las Vegas, NV 2.85 2.49 2.58 5.2 56.9 27.8 2.05 Buffalo, NY 2.99 3.39 3.18 5.5 29.8 18.6 1.60 New York, NY 2.82 2.95 2.79 4.2 429.4 300.7 1.43 Rochester, NY 2.75 3.02 2.79 5.1 26.7 15.5 1.72 Charlotte, NC 3.33 3.26 3.26 4.1 55.1 44.1 1.25 Cincinnati, OH 3.14 3.54 3.33 3.6 39.9 36.1 1.11 Cleveland, OH 2.89 3.22 3.14 5.1 52.5 31.8 1.65 Columbus, OH 3.25 3.50 3.40 3.4 37.2 38.2 0.97 Oklahoma City, OK 2.50 2.55 2.57 3.5 24.0 17.7 1.36 Portland, OR 3.39 3.50 3.55 3.6 47.9 47.0 1.02 Philadelphia, PA 3.08 3.33 3.19 4.7 143.7 101.3 1.42 Pittsburgh, PA 3.25 3.87 3.64 4.8 58.5 45.2 1.29 Providence, RI 2.97 2.94 3.04 4.5 31.4 20.7 1.52 Memphis, TN 2.42 2.63 2.62 4.0 25.2 16.3 1.54 Nashville, TN 3.31 3.45 3.37 2.7 27.5 33.8 0.81 Austin, TX 3.32 3.42 3.43 2.9 34.7 40.4 0.86 Dallas, TX 2.80 2.83 2.80 3.5 136.3 105.8 1.29 Houston, TX 1.85 2.13 2.15 4.6 156.5 69.4 2.25 San Antonio, TX 2.55 2.39 2.40 3.3 39.6 29.3 1.35 Salt Lake City, UT 3.70 4.26 4.30 2.8 18.9 28.0 0.67 Richmond, VA 3.05 3.17 3.07 3.3 22.7 21.8 1.04 Virginia Beach, VA 2.60 2.62 2.60 3.5 29.3 24.2 1.21 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 5.07 4.50 4.41 4.1 87.0 93.3 0.93 Milwaukee, WI 3.66 3.70 3.68 2.7 22.9 31.4 0.73 Total Ads Rate 1 (Percent) 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics CPS and LAUS programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4. The Conference Board uses the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions for its data whereas the Bureau of Labor Statistics uses the OMB alternative NECTA (New England City and Town Areas) MSA definition. This will result in small comparison differences for some metropolitan areas in New England states. 13

Table 7: National Labor Supply/Labor Demand by Occupation 1, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed 4 Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 5 SOC 2 Occupation 3 Apr-17 Mar-18 Apr-18 Apr-Mar 18 Mar-18 Mar-18 Wage 6 Total 4,617.3 4,819.7 4,750.5-69.2 6,585.0 1.37 $24.34 11 Management 391.6 426.8 432.8 6.0 306.9 0.72 $57.65 13 Business and financial operations 281.5 305.7 304.8-0.9 176.2 0.58 $36.70 15 Computer and mathematical science 516.1 542.4 561.5 19.1 86.6 0.16 $43.18 17 Architecture and engineering 143.3 163.4 167.6 4.2 58.3 0.36 $41.44 19 Life, physical, and social science 54.7 63.2 63.6 0.4 28.1 0.44 $35.76 21 Community and social services 93.7 94.1 96.7 2.6 66.7 0.71 $23.10 23 Legal 21.0 26.7 25.5-1.2 32.8 1.23 $51.62 25 Education, training, and library 166.4 174.3 177.2 2.9 348.7 2.00 $26.67 27 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 96.0 107.3 99.3-8.0 145.6 1.36 $28.34 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 603.5 529.9 525.4-4.5 166.7 0.31 $38.83 31 Healthcare support 117.6 111.0 108.7-2.3 99.3 0.89 $15.05 33 Protective service 60.1 59.0 52.9-6.2 84.2 1.43 $22.69 35 Food preparation and serving related 207.0 219.5 211.7-7.8 618.4 2.82 $11.88 37 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 98.3 109.3 97.0-12.3 363.2 3.32 $13.91 39 Personal care and service 62.3 59.7 55.6-4.1 312.0 5.22 $13.11 41 Sales and related 456.4 470.5 449.7-20.8 733.9 1.56 $19.56 43 Office and administrative support 479.1 487.5 477.9-9.5 630.4 1.29 $18.24 45 Farming, fishing, and forestry 8.0 9.5 8.7-0.9 110.1 11.55 $13.87 47 Construction and extraction 118.1 121.3 103.8-17.5 558.4 4.60 $24.01 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 199.3 203.0 195.8-7.2 130.6 0.64 $23.02 51 Production 135.0 146.8 142.3-4.5 358.3 2.44 $18.30 53 Transportation and material moving 298.5 383.2 384.2 1.1 519.2 1.35 $17.82 1. All ads are coded to the 6-digit SOC level. 2. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 3. Occupational categories use the 2010 OMB Standard Occupational Classification system (SOC definitions). 4. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey and seasonally adjusted by The Conference Board. 5. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 6. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program's May 2017 estimates. (Thousands) Average Hourly 14

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Apr-18 Wage 2 Apr-18 Wage 2 Apr-18 Wage 2 United States 759,795 $47.04 1,756,701 $34.74 577,325 $14.03 Alabama 5,759 $43.67 17,136 $31.26 5,426 $11.77 Alaska 1,734 $46.02 5,800 $37.70 1,880 $17.13 Arizona 13,602 $41.29 34,569 $33.15 13,537 $14.24 Arkansas 3,717 $36.98 9,591 $27.52 2,649 $10.21 California 98,729 $51.64 211,347 $40.56 69,157 $15.88 Colorado 17,777 $46.73 43,355 $36.28 18,313 $14.59 Connecticut 12,106 $54.76 26,498 $38.05 5,529 $10.86 Delaware 3,798 $49.02 6,582 $24.31 1,479 $13.90 Florida 34,788 $42.07 80,840 $31.49 40,850 $13.56 Georgia 25,501 $45.49 56,991 $32.26 16,266 $12.20 Hawaii 2,765 $42.66 5,543 $31.05 5,269 $17.85 Idaho 2,658 $35.80 7,921 $28.23 3,273 $12.41 Illinois 36,447 $46.34 68,194 $34.18 20,322 $14.50 Indiana 9,971 $39.11 28,088 $30.14 9,633 $12.30 Iowa 6,807 $39.65 18,022 $29.45 7,832 $10.72 Kansas 4,849 $40.88 12,730 $28.65 3,970 $12.34 Kentucky 5,306 $38.10 15,199 $29.36 4,675 $12.00 Louisiana 4,797 $38.60 12,297 $28.03 5,291 $11.43 Maine 2,237 $39.95 7,001 $30.74 2,605 $13.56 Maryland 15,364 $50.07 44,029 $38.80 9,189 $14.93 Massachusetts 28,590 $53.81 60,293 $39.42 15,154 $16.81 Michigan 18,226 $44.45 50,996 $33.08 16,918 $13.14 Minnesota 19,837 $45.77 49,843 $34.72 17,031 $14.35 Mississippi 3,164 $35.80 7,935 $26.91 3,229 $11.33 Missouri 13,150 $42.01 33,412 $30.78 10,503 $12.46 Montana 1,907 $35.39 5,891 $27.36 3,380 $12.86 Nebraska 3,949 $39.24 9,830 $30.16 3,705 $13.31 Nevada 6,017 $43.99 15,976 $33.69 7,698 $14.25 New Hampshire 2,870 $47.04 8,759 $34.85 2,756 $14.26 New Jersey 27,764 $22.15 53,472 $38.02 13,895 $15.78 New Mexico 3,195 $39.22 11,382 $32.77 2,941 $12.52 New York 63,079 $58.44 106,602 $38.94 31,716 $16.18 North Carolina 21,864 $46.61 56,430 $31.87 14,644 $12.30 North Dakota 2,095 $40.04 6,206 $29.72 1,515 $14.42 Ohio 22,888 $42.44 56,607 $32.38 20,154 $12.94 Oklahoma 4,498 $39.44 12,651 $28.25 4,343 $12.11 Oregon 10,245 $43.47 25,742 $35.33 10,524 $14.78 Pennsylvania 31,351 $46.39 71,611 $33.19 25,202 $13.45 Rhode Island 3,085 $49.01 5,568 $36.27 2,006 $14.98 South Carolina 7,296 $40.00 20,801 $30.17 8,015 $11.85 South Dakota 1,978 $38.05 4,532 $27.22 1,593 $12.35 Tennessee 10,997 $40.26 25,834 $29.88 10,020 $12.17 Texas 51,957 $47.94 116,475 $27.92 39,338 $13.01 Utah 6,621 $39.18 18,878 $30.98 6,620 $12.68 Vermont 1,568 $38.99 4,693 $30.86 1,728 $15.32 Virginia 25,554 $50.30 70,816 $37.29 13,755 $13.84 Washington 22,818 $47.78 53,208 $38.40 18,021 $16.64 West Virginia 2,096 $36.73 8,034 $28.15 2,026 $11.94 Wisconsin 12,985 $41.28 31,104 $31.06 12,310 $13.00 Wyoming 1,243 $42.06 3,207 $27.79 870 $13.88 1. The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2017 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 15

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Apr-18 Wage 1 Apr-18 Wage 1 Apr-18 Wage 1 United States 963,391 $18.77 327,841 $23.14 545,407 $18.05 Alabama 10,944 $16.40 4,660 $20.85 9,282 $16.29 Alaska 2,665 $20.03 1,088 $30.69 909 $25.22 Arizona 20,759 $17.79 7,271 $21.05 8,911 $17.97 Arkansas 5,896 $15.87 2,221 $18.97 5,362 $16.00 California 112,094 $20.43 28,472 $24.42 40,589 $18.35 Colorado 23,790 $20.34 10,522 $23.30 11,063 $19.44 Connecticut 13,060 $21.66 3,231 $26.72 6,794 $19.96 Delaware 3,165 $18.48 1,025 $24.01 1,657 $17.08 Florida 59,292 $17.41 22,787 $19.52 21,463 $16.70 Georgia 28,833 $17.47 10,523 $20.77 20,320 $16.60 Hawaii 5,229 $18.53 1,484 $29.71 1,418 $21.79 Idaho 4,774 $16.43 2,512 $20.00 3,275 $16.94 Illinois 37,266 $19.07 8,550 $27.17 22,832 $18.15 Indiana 16,457 $17.33 5,689 $22.44 15,801 $17.57 Iowa 12,389 $17.28 5,554 $21.81 10,813 $17.65 Kansas 8,076 $17.26 2,766 $21.73 6,034 $18.51 Kentucky 9,930 $16.24 2,992 $21.77 9,344 $17.77 Louisiana 9,367 $15.46 4,063 $21.44 6,236 $19.34 Maine 3,394 $16.92 1,171 $20.87 1,967 $17.71 Maryland 15,984 $19.71 5,386 $24.21 7,282 $19.11 Massachusetts 26,055 $21.83 6,622 $28.13 10,942 $19.48 Michigan 27,708 $18.16 10,148 $12.83 19,537 $11.59 Minnesota 26,559 $19.98 8,667 $25.70 16,544 $19.02 Mississippi 5,966 $14.89 2,273 $19.62 5,764 $16.17 Missouri 18,316 $17.32 5,344 $23.28 11,505 $17.40 Montana 3,844 $16.52 2,262 $22.69 2,262 $18.78 Nebraska 6,503 $17.32 2,827 $21.32 4,250 $18.11 Nevada 9,851 $17.27 3,303 $24.23 4,126 $17.96 New Hampshire 5,325 $19.11 1,710 $23.54 3,069 $18.30 New Jersey 28,402 $20.44 7,373 $27.02 13,128 $18.22 New Mexico 4,448 $16.15 2,228 $20.72 2,461 $17.61 New York 57,749 $22.30 13,978 $28.14 20,672 $19.62 North Carolina 24,494 $17.84 10,671 $20.40 16,259 $16.15 North Dakota 3,105 $18.45 1,746 $25.70 2,463 $21.36 Ohio 34,829 $17.98 12,525 $22.63 28,038 $17.61 Oklahoma 8,881 $16.76 3,681 $21.02 7,088 $17.59 Oregon 15,339 $18.53 6,504 $23.59 9,463 $18.40 Pennsylvania 41,183 $18.57 13,726 $23.37 28,008 $18.04 Rhode Island 3,210 $20.19 1,024 $24.88 1,807 $17.76 South Carolina 12,696 $16.24 6,454 $20.13 9,493 $17.11 South Dakota 2,939 $16.25 1,222 $20.00 1,890 $16.31 Tennessee 18,300 $17.18 5,449 $20.59 13,320 $16.66 Texas 73,206 $18.63 28,320 $21.31 39,820 $18.65 Utah 11,681 $17.27 3,952 $21.54 6,609 $17.67 Vermont 1,952 $18.79 772 $21.92 1,300 $18.52 Virginia 23,251 $18.60 8,088 $22.47 10,343 $18.16 Washington 26,967 $20.67 10,187 $26.44 13,619 $21.33 West Virginia 3,815 $15.01 1,553 $21.46 3,082 $17.60 Wisconsin 20,975 $18.14 8,051 $23.59 19,681 $17.94 Wyoming 1,500 $17.33 1,168 $25.38 1,191 $23.20 1. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2017 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 16

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Apr-18 Wage 2* Apr-18 Wage 2* Apr-18 Wage 2* United States 759,795 $47.04 1,756,701 $34.74 577,325 $14.03 Birmingham, AL 1,673 $45.16 4,068 $33.49 1,716 $12.39 Phoenix, AZ 10,987 $42.25 23,706 $33.95 9,505 $14.17 Tucson, AZ 1,369 $38.52 5,018 $32.59 1,818 $14.20 Los Angeles, CA 31,388 $50.66 57,284 $35.88 21,746 $15.58 Riverside, CA 3,401 $43.69 9,673 $35.17 5,126 $14.76 Sacramento, CA 4,048 $43.61 9,984 $38.66 3,474 $13.46 San Diego, CA 7,517 $49.12 18,243 $39.67 7,737 $15.80 San Francisco, CA 28,035 $59.23 44,414 $45.98 12,189 $17.47 San Jose, CA 12,867 $63.84 33,397 $50.62 4,899 $16.81 Denver, CO 12,830 $48.29 26,896 $38.30 9,781 $14.68 Hartford, CT 5,145 $50.93 11,041 $38.38 1,892 $15.81 Washington, DC 31,721 $56.10 73,105 $44.74 13,194 $16.22 Jacksonville, FL 2,670 $41.69 5,731 $31.26 3,007 $13.21 Miami, FL 11,237 $44.84 20,340 $32.19 12,317 $14.10 Orlando, FL 5,516 $41.85 11,937 $32.86 5,824 $13.28 Tampa, FL 6,848 $41.82 14,666 $31.69 5,632 $13.41 Atlanta, GA 20,654 $48.14 39,614 $34.32 10,116 $12.51 Honolulu, HI 2,108 $43.32 3,764 $34.79 2,968 $15.68 Chicago, IL 31,697 $48.00 52,680 $35.32 17,009 $14.74 Indianapolis, IN 4,848 $41.22 10,489 $33.11 3,523 $12.71 Louisville, KY 2,249 $40.02 5,190 $31.46 2,015 $12.46 New Orleans, LA 1,881 $39.85 4,677 $30.18 3,053 $11.73 Baltimore, MD 8,029 $48.71 23,738 $38.11 5,333 $14.79 Boston, MA 24,756 $55.91 47,489 $40.40 10,754 $17.13 Detroit, MI 10,073 $47.67 26,700 $35.38 7,487 $13.20 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 16,473 $47.89 35,198 $35.99 11,281 $14.64 Kansas City, MO 5,412 $43.87 13,105 $32.18 4,661 $13.16 St. Louis, MO 8,395 $44.97 19,295 $26.35 5,056 $12.98 Las Vegas, NV 4,045 $44.20 10,712 $33.93 5,037 $14.52 Buffalo, NY 2,757 $44.64 5,435 $31.81 2,096 $12.00 New York, NY 70,188 $61.08 108,355 $39.05 28,890 $16.51 Rochester, NY 1,905 $46.41 5,384 $31.52 1,778 $14.50 Charlotte, NC 8,856 $48.72 16,976 $33.46 4,159 $12.52 Cincinnati, OH 5,522 $44.02 12,084 $33.26 4,088 $10.81 Cleveland, OH 5,160 $43.66 10,537 $32.42 3,882 $13.36 Columbus, OH 6,221 $43.26 12,821 $34.62 3,826 $13.54 Oklahoma City, OK 2,423 $40.41 5,886 $29.78 1,964 $12.72 Portland, OR 7,691 $46.37 15,806 $37.31 6,204 $15.14 Philadelphia, PA 19,958 $50.81 37,544 $36.55 10,864 $14.40 Pittsburgh, PA 7,067 $44.95 15,111 $32.46 5,554 $13.00 Providence, RI 3,704 $47.78 7,262 $36.05 2,583 $15.02 Memphis, TN 2,604 $41.45 5,429 $31.15 1,654 $12.62 Nashville, TN 5,407 $42.08 10,464 $31.48 5,168 $12.46 Austin, TX 7,409 $45.86 16,015 $30.79 5,314 $13.75 Dallas, TX 20,208 $49.27 38,972 $35.87 11,398 $13.40 Houston, TX 12,589 $53.06 23,519 $38.26 8,227 $13.32 San Antonio, TX 4,026 $44.19 9,754 $32.89 4,005 $12.96 Salt Lake City, UT 4,546 $41.22 10,774 $33.11 2,802 $13.06 Richmond, VA 3,635 $45.21 8,730 $33.79 2,004 $13.29 Virginia Beach, VA 3,073 $43.58 8,722 $33.47 2,539 $13.15 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 17,198 $50.41 35,815 $42.09 11,244 $17.37 Milwaukee, WI 5,030 $45.17 10,684 $32.94 3,464 $13.01 1.The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2017 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 17

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Apr-18 Wage 2* Apr-18 Wage 2* Apr-18 Wage 2* United States 963,391 $18.77 327,841 $23.14 545,407 $18.05 Birmingham, AL 3,438 $18.33 1,208 $21.93 2,412 $16.29 Phoenix, AZ 15,970 $18.39 5,047 $21.65 6,459 $18.27 Tucson, AZ 2,373 $16.18 980 $20.28 851 $16.91 Los Angeles, CA 37,581 $20.34 7,772 $26.11 11,924 $17.46 Riverside, CA 8,002 $10.84 2,235 $24.45 4,433 $17.43 Sacramento, CA 6,449 $19.36 1,956 $25.87 2,477 $18.04 San Diego, CA 10,599 $19.80 3,169 $25.44 3,088 $17.85 San Francisco, CA 20,846 $23.88 4,234 $31.01 5,846 $21.98 San Jose, CA 7,715 $24.57 1,769 $29.53 2,040 $21.02 Denver, CO 14,481 $21.62 5,638 $24.08 5,761 $20.22 Hartford, CT 5,050 $21.42 1,400 $26.58 2,894 $19.82 Washington, DC 21,144 $21.48 6,052 $25.26 5,574 $20.36 Jacksonville, FL 4,269 $17.90 2,204 $19.93 2,150 $17.65 Miami, FL 18,786 $18.21 4,637 $20.39 5,000 $15.76 Orlando, FL 8,500 $17.06 3,243 $19.73 2,928 $16.28 Tampa, FL 9,370 $17.71 3,646 $19.43 3,438 $16.31 Atlanta, GA 19,336 $18.66 5,922 $21.93 10,775 $17.30 Honolulu, HI 3,679 $18.76 1,002 $30.44 1,004 $23.03 Chicago, IL 29,958 $19.79 6,216 $28.40 16,301 $18.15 Indianapolis, IN 6,825 $18.91 2,197 $22.85 5,016 $17.17 Louisville, KY 3,993 $17.38 1,218 $22.49 3,011 $18.64 New Orleans, LA 3,408 $16.12 1,254 $21.31 1,529 $19.79 Baltimore, MD 8,676 $19.84 3,026 $23.89 3,802 $19.42 Boston, MA 20,564 $22.65 4,491 $28.80 7,398 $19.83 Detroit, MI 12,597 $19.16 4,192 $24.76 7,831 $19.14 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 19,503 $21.24 5,373 $27.19 10,236 $19.46 Kansas City, MO 8,387 $18.49 2,318 $24.09 5,144 $18.50 St. Louis, MO 9,542 $18.52 2,247 $25.56 4,551 $18.40 Las Vegas, NV 6,523 $17.14 1,843 $24.04 2,011 $17.80 Buffalo, NY 4,150 $18.42 1,219 $23.63 2,224 $18.25 New York, NY 56,861 $22.92 11,231 $29.48 17,273 $19.55 Rochester, NY 3,169 $18.76 1,103 $22.79 1,963 $17.87 Charlotte, NC 7,874 $19.60 2,993 $21.39 4,822 $17.22 Cincinnati, OH 8,348 $18.94 2,441 $22.75 5,406 $18.00 Cleveland, OH 6,821 $19.01 2,175 $23.95 4,585 $17.95 Columbus, OH 7,637 $18.50 2,467 $22.42 5,146 $17.21 Oklahoma City, OK 3,892 $17.76 1,690 $21.53 2,548 $17.09 Portland, OR 10,138 $19.81 3,487 $25.48 5,824 $19.28 Philadelphia, PA 20,685 $20.34 5,466 $26.02 8,720 $18.53 Pittsburgh, PA 9,581 $18.23 2,860 $23.60 5,116 $18.17 Providence, RI 4,503 $19.50 1,426 $25.12 2,453 $17.71 Memphis, TN 3,579 $17.78 1,098 $20.53 3,063 $16.28 Nashville, TN 7,968 $18.45 2,264 $21.49 4,435 $17.34 Austin, TX 8,379 $20.36 2,596 $20.58 2,735 $16.82 Dallas, TX 23,482 $19.76 7,007 $21.43 11,807 $17.44 Houston, TX 16,735 $19.73 6,229 $22.92 8,276 $20.32 San Antonio, TX 6,031 $17.64 2,758 $20.15 3,097 $17.05 Salt Lake City, UT 6,329 $18.36 1,860 $22.29 2,975 $17.93 Richmond, VA 3,926 $18.66 1,634 $22.06 1,777 $17.02 Virginia Beach, VA 4,485 $16.91 2,156 $21.98 2,177 $18.62 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 17,615 $22.11 5,503 $28.20 7,889 $22.73 Milwaukee, WI 6,069 $19.89 2,016 $25.42 4,583 $18.21 1. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2017 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 18

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