AUSTRIA GENERAL Area... 83,904 sq. km. Population... 6,423,486 (I92o). per sq. km... 76.6. Limitation of the Armaments of Austria in accordance with the Military, Naval and Air Clauses of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. GENERAL CLAUSES Universal compulsory military service is abolished. The Austrian Army must be constituted and recruited by means of voluntary enlistment. EFFECTIVES AND CADRES OF THE ARMY I. The total number of military forces in the Austrian Army must not exceed 30,000 men, including officers and depot troops. II. Subject to the following limitations, the formations composing the Austrian Army are to be fixed in accordance with the wishes of Austria : (i) The effectives of units must be fixed between the maximum and minimum figures shown in Table IV. (2) The proportion of officers, including the personnel of staffs and special services, must not exceed one-twentieth of the total effectives with the colours, and that of non-commissioned officers must not exceed one-fifteenth of the total effectives with the colours.
20 AUSTRIA (3) The number of machine-guns, guns and howitzers must not exceed per thousand men of the total effectives with the colours those fixed in Table V. III. The Austrian Army must be devoted exclusively to the maintenance of order within the territory of Austria and to the control of her frontiers. IV. The maximum strength of the Staffs and of all formations which Austria may be permitted to raise are given in the tables below; these figures need not be exactly followed, but must not be exceeded. All other organisations for the command of troops or for preparation for war are forbidden. V. All measures of mobilisation or appertaining to mobilisation are forbidden. In no case must formations, administrative services or staffs include supplementary cadres. The carrying out of any preparatory measures with a view to requisitioning animals or other means of military transport is forbidden. VI. The number of gendarmes, Customs officers, foresters, members of the local or municipal police or other like officials must not exceed the number of men employed in a similar capacity in 1913 within the boundaries of Austria as fixed by the Treaty. The number of these officials cannot be increased in the future except as may be necessary to maintain the same proportion between the number of officials and the total population in the localities or municipalities which employ them. Il These officials, as well as officials employed in the railway service, must not be assembled for the purpose of taking part in any military exercises. VII. Every formation of troops not included in the tables annexed is forbidden. RECRUITING AND MILITARY TRAINING I. All officers must be regulars (officers de carriere). They must undertake to serve on the active list for twenty consecutive years at least 1. II. The period of enlistment for non-commissioned officers and privates must be for a total period of not less than 12 consecutive years, including at least 6 years with the colours. 1 Officers serving at the time of the entry into force of the Treaty and retained in the Army must have undertaken the obligation to serve in it up to the age of forty years at least. Officers not retained must have been released from all military obligations.
AUSTRIA 21 III. The proportion of officers and men discharged before the expiration of the period of their enlistment must not in any year exceed one-twentieth of the total strength fixed by the Treaty. If this proportion is unavoidably exceeded, the resulting shortage must not be made good by fresh appointments or enlistments. SCHOOLS, EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS, MILITARY CLUBS AND SOCIETIES I. The number of students admitted to attend the courses in military schools must be strictly in proportion to the vacancies to be filled in the cadres of officers. The students and the cadres shall be included in the effectives fixed by the Treaty. Consequently all military schools not required for this purpose must have been abolished. II. Educational establishments other than those referred to above, as well as all sporting and other clubs, must not occupy themselves with any military matters. ARMAMENT, MUNITIONS AND MATERIAL, FORTIFICATIONS I. The armament and the stock of munitions of the Austrian Army must not exceed the figures fixed in Table V. II. The number and calibre of guns constituting the fixed normal armament of fortified places existing in Austria at the coming into force of the Treaty of St. Germain constitute a maximum amount which must not be exceeded. The maximum stock of ammunition for these guns must be maintained at the following uniform rates 1,500 rounds per gun for those the calibre of which is Io5 mm. and under; 500 rounds per gun for those of higher calibre. III. The manufacture of arms, munitions and war material can only be carried on in one single factory, which has to be controlled by and belong to the State, and whose output must be strictly limited to the manufacture of such arms, munitions and war material as is necessary for the military forces and armaments referred to in the Treaty. The manufacture of sporting weapons is not forbidden, provided that sporting weapons manufactured in Austria taking ball cartridge
22 AUSTRIA are not of the same calibre as that of military weapons used in any European army. IV. The importation into Austria of arms, munitions and war material of all kinds is strictly forbidden. The manufacture for foreign countries and the exportation of arms, munitions and war material are also forbidden. V. The use of flame-throwers, asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and all similar liquids, materials or devices being prohibited, their manufacture and importation are strictly forbidden in Austria. Material specially intended for the manufacture, storage or use of the said products or devices is equally forbidden. The manufacture and importation into Austria of armoured cars, tanks or any similar machines suitable for use in war are equally forbidden. AIR CLAUSES The armed forces of Austria must not include any military or naval air forces. No dirigible shall be kept. NAVAL CLAUSES I. Austria has the right to maintain on the Danube for the use of the river police three patrol boats, II. The construction or acquisition of any submarine, even for commercial purposes, is forbidden in Austria. CONTROL The control of the execution of all Military, Naval and Air Clauses contained in the Treaty has been entrusted to Inter-Allied Commissions. Further, Austria has undertaken to submit to any investigation which the Council of the League of Nations - acting, if need be, by a majority vote - may consider necessary.
AUSTRIA 23 TABLE I. COMPOSITION AND MAXIMUM EFFECTIVES OF AN INFANTRY DIVISION. UNITS Maximum Effectives of each unit Officers Men Headquarters of an Infantry Division... 25 70 Headquarters of Divisional Infantry... 5 50 Headquarters of Divisional Artillery.. 4 30 3 Regiments of infantry 1 (on the basis of 65 officers and 2,000 men per regiment)... 195 6,000 i Squadron... 6 I6o i Battalion of Trench Artillery (3 Companies).. 14 500 i Battalion of Pioneers 2... i4 500 Regiment Field Artillery... 8o 1,200 i Battalion Cyclists (comprising 3 Companies). I. 8 450 i Signal Detachment 4... I 330 Divisional Medical Corps... 28 550 Divisional parks and trains... 14 940 Total for an Infantry Division... 414 IO,780 I Each Regiment comprises 3 Battalions of infantry. Each Battalion comprises 3 Companies of infantry and i Machine-gun Company. Each Battalion comprises i Headquarters, 2 Pioneer Companies, I Bridging Section, i Searchlight Section. ' Each Regiment comprises i Headquarters, 3 Groups of Field or Mountain Artillery, comprising 8 Batteries; each Battery comprising 4 guns or howitzers (field or mountain). * This Detachment comprises i telegraph and telephone detachment, i listening section, i carrier-pigeon section. TABLE II. COMPOSITION AND MAXIMUM EFFECTIVES FOR A CAVALRY DIVISION. UNITS Maximum number authorised Maximum Effectives of each unit Officers Men Headquarters of a Cavalry Division... i 15 50 Regiment of Cavalry 1... 6 30 720 Group of Field Artillery (3 Batteries)... i 30 430 Group of motor machine-guns and armoured cars 2 i 4 80 Miscellaneous services..... 30 500 Total for a Cavalry Division.... 259 5,380 Each Regiment comprises 4 Squadrons. * Each group comprises 9 fighting cars, each carrying i gun, i machine-gun, and i spare machine-gun, 4 communication cars, 2 small lorries for stores, 7 lorries, including i repair lorry, 4 motor cycles. NOTE. - The large Cavalry Units may include a variable number of regiments and be divided into independent brigades within the limit of the effectives laid down above.
24 AUSTRIA TABLE III. COMPOSITION AND MAXIMUM EFFECTIVES FOR A MIXED BRIGADE. UNITS Maximum Effectives of each unit Officers Men Headquarters of a Brigade..... Io 50 2 Regiments of Infantry... 3 4,000 I Cyclist Battalion... i8 450 I Cavalry Squadron... 5 100 i Group Field Artillery...... 20 400 i Trench Mortar Company... 5 I50 Miscellaneous services... Io 200 Total for Mixed Brigade... 198 5,350 1 Each Regiment comprises 3 Battalions of Infantry. Each Battalion comprises 3 Companies of Infantry and i Machine-gun Company. TABLE IV. MINIMUM EFFECTIVES OF UNITS WHATEVER ORGANISATION IS ADOPTED IN THE ARMY. (Divisions, Mixed Brigades, etc.) UNITS Maximum Effectives Minimum Effectives (for reference) Officers Men Officers Men Infantry Division... 414 10,780 300 8,000 Cavalry Division... 259 5,380 i8o 3,650 Mixed Brigade... Regiment of Infantry..... 198 65 5,350 2,000 140 52 4,250 i,6oo Battalion of Infantry... 16 650 12 500 Company of Infantry or Machineguns... 3 I6o 2 120 Cyclist Group....... 8 450 12 300 Regiment of Cavalry... Squadron of Cavalry... 30 6 720 I6o 20 3 450 Ioo Regiment of Artillery...... 80 1,200 6o i,o0oo Battery of Field Artillery... 4 I50 2 120 Company of Trench Mortars... 3 i50 2 00oo Battalion of Pioneers... I14 500 8 300 Battery of Mountain Artillery.. 5 320 3 200
AUSTRIA 25 TABLE V. MAXIMUM AUTHORISED ARMAMENTS AND MUNITION SUPPLIES. MATERIAL Quantity MATERIAL i,ooo Men for Munitions per arm (rifles, guns, etc.) Rifles or Carbines.. 1,150 500 rounds Machine-guns, heavy or light. 15 io,ooo rounds Trench Mortars, light... i,ooo rounds Trench Mortars, medium. 500 rounds Guns or howitzers (field or mountain). 3 i,ooo rounds Automatic rifles or carbines are counted as light machine-guns, NOTE. - No heavy gun, i.e. of a calibre greater than I05 mm., is authorised, with the exception of the normal armament of fortified places. II. Budget Expenditure on National Defence. A. NOTES ON BUDGET PROCEDURE. (i) The financial year coincides with the calendar year. The budget estimates for I924 were submitted to Parliament in November I923 and were finally adopted and promulgated by the Law of May 2Ist, I9241. Preliminary results for the year I923 were available in May I924. (2) The budget is divided into four main parts: (a) The State administration (Hoheitsverwaltung) (b) Monopolies; (c) Federal undertakings; (d) Railways. Each of these parts is subdivided into ordinary and extraordinary revenue and expenditure. All Defence expenditure is charged to the State administration budget. (3) Receipts collected by the Army organisation in the course of its activities are not appropriated in aid but shown on the revenue side of the budget. (4) Local authorities do not contribute to the cost of the military organisation. (5) The programme for the financial reconstruction of Austria, agreed upon between the Austrian Government and a delegation from the Financial Committee of the League of Nations in November I922, contains provisions regarding the appropriations for both civil and military functions. At the session of the Council of the League in June I924, it was resolved that the Financial Committee and the Commissioner-General should reconsider the budget programme and that a delegation from the Financial Committee should go to Vienna in August I924. The reduction in State employees outlined in the reconstruction programme applies also to Army personnel. ' Amended by the Law of June 6th, I924.
26 AUSTRIA B. BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON NATIONAL DEFENCE. I. Summary of Defence Expenditure (Gross). I923 Preliminary results I924 Estimates (voted) Army: Expenditure in million paper Kronen 620,650 550,000 converted into million gold Kronen 43. i 38.2 (I gold Kr. = 14,400 paper Kr.) Defence expenditure index.... o00 89 Index number of wholesale prices (in paper Kr.) : 1914 = oo... 1,788,317 1,903,9671 I923 = I00oo... I o Io6 Defence expenditure reduced to pre- Paper Kr. (ooo's) Paper Kr. (ooo's) war price level... 35,000 29,000 Index of defence expenditure reduced % % to pre-war price level... Ioo 83 Average, January to June I924. NOTES. - (i) The figures in the above table do not include State contributions to pensions. (2) The estimates for the Army for 1923 amounted to 661,201 million paper Kronen, as compared with actual expenditure of 620;640 million paper Kronen, representing a saving of 40,561 million paper Kronen or 2.8 million gold Kronen. (3) In the estimates for 1924 the Army appropriations have been further reduced by 4.9 million gold Kronen as compared with the actual results for 1923 and by 7.7 million gold Kronen as compared with the estimates for that year. According to the explanatory note attached to the budget estimates a great portion of the reduction is due to the reduction of the active personnel, which is estimated to amount during 1924 to: Officers.... 1,500 Non-commissioned officers... 2,000 Soldiers... 26,500 Army... 30,000 Civil personnel... 2,127 Workmen.... 1,249 Total... 33,376 as compared with 35,000 in I923.
AUSTRIA 27 (4) " In the programme agreed upon in 1922 between the Austrian Government and the delegation of the Financial Committee of the League of Nations, expenditure on the Army amounted to 26.2 million gold Kronen for the year 1925. II. Analysis of Defence Expenditure. NOTE. - The form of the budget for the Army having been changed in the estimates for I924, it is not possible to make a detailed comparison with the expenditure for 1923. 1923 1924 Estimates (voted) Estimates Ordinary Extraordinary Total expenditure expenditure Paper Kronen (ooo,ooo's omitted) I. Ministry for the Army. 14,359 12,645 oo00 12,745 II. Army and army administration : (a) Expenditure for personnel... 364,324 364,324 (b) Expenditure for material, etc.: Training... 5,155 412 5,567 Education: Civics, physical and professional instruction 3,834 5 6 4,350 Arms, ammunition and explosives... 28,358 i48 28,506 Engineering.. 936 I95 I,I31 Motors, cycles and other means of transport.. 2,007 565 2,572 Medical supplies.. 912 50 962 Clothing, equipment and beds..... 29,144 824 29,968 Food. 48,814 11 48,825 Barracking... 12,801 11,009 23,810 Administration..... 1,254 i70 1,424 Horses... i, 1,1oo I 00 Miscellaneous expenses. 23,631 771 24,402 Total... 646,430 522,270 I4,671 536,94I III. Permanent parliamentary commission for army questions... 412 314-314 Grand Total.... 661,201 535,229 14,771 550,000 NOTES. - (i) The State maintains several undertakings for the production of military material. There are no special budgets voted for these undertakings.
28 AUSTRIA (2) In addition to the reduction in personnel a simplification of the military organisation was effected during 1923. The number of garrisons has been reduced, etc. (3) In the budget of the Department of Trade and Transport 770 million paper Kronen have been appropriated to civil aviation. III. Receipts in connection with the Army. The receipts of the Army organisation accounted for on the revenue side of the budget have been estimated at 7,475 million paper Kronen in 1923 and at 7,694 million paper Kronen in 1924. IV. Expenditure referring to Previous Years. Military pensions are not charged to the Army budget but jointly with civil pensions to a special section of the general budget, the amount of military pensions not being shown separately. Persons decorated with the medal for courage during the war receive a special allocation, which has been changed in the budget for 1924 to an aggregate sum amounting in all to 500 million paper Kronen (35,000 gold Kronen). In the budget of the Department for Social Affairs 358,oi00 million paper Kronen (24.8 million gold Kronen) are appropriated to war disablement. Sources. Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Austria signed at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, September ioth, 1919. Budget Estimates for the year 1924 submitted to Parliament, together with explanatory notes thereon. Budget Estimates for the year i924, voted by Parliament. Preliminary Estimates for a Normal Budget for I925, prepared by the Austrian Government for the June Session of the Council of the League of Nations, and submitted to the Austrian Parliament in May I924.