For further information: Carol Courter / Release #5996. Online Job Ads Increased 1,200 in January

News Release Follow The Conference Board For further information: Carol Courter 212-339-0232 / courter@conference-board.org Release #5996 For Immediate Release 10:00 AM ET, Wednesday, January 31, 2018 Online Job Ads Increased 1,200 in January January was essentially unchanged, following a December increase States and MSAs saw little movement Note: January data incorporates updated seasonal adjustment factors NEW YORK, January 31, 2018 Online advertised vacancies increased 1,200 to 4,903,300 in January, according to The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine (HWOL) Data Series, released today. The December Supply/Demand rate stands at 1.34 unemployed for each advertised vacancy, with a total of 1.7 million more unemployed workers than the number of advertised vacancies. The number of unemployed was approximately 6.6 million in December. The Professional occupational category saw changes in Education, Training, and Library (-60.4), Computer and mathematical science (23.2) and Healthcare practitioners and technical (-12.9). The Services/Production occupational category saw gains in Sales and related (30.8), Transportation (10.7), and Installation, maintenance, and repair (8.1). NOTE: Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. 1

REGIONAL AND STATE HIGHLIGHTS Among the largest States, 6 increased and 14 decreased Among the 50 States, 28 increased, 21 declined, and 1 was constant Table A: State Labor Demand, Selected States, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Supply/ Total Ads 1 Change Demand Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Jan-18 Jan 18-Dec 17 Dec-17 United States 4,903.3 1.2 1.34 NORTHEAST 949.4 5.1 1.58 Massachusetts 140.2-1.9 0.90 New Jersey 150.8-6.6 1.42 New York 298.6 4.1 1.53 Pennsylvania 214.1 8.7 1.46 SOUTH 1,583.3-4.5 1.89 Florida 261.6-2.9 1.42 Georgia 151.9-0.8 1.47 Maryland 94.4-1.2 1.36 North Carolina 137.1-2.2 1.59 Texas 336.0-7.7 1.52 Virginia 146.5-0.7 1.07 MIDWEST 1,109.4-7.4 1.48 Illinois 189.8-12.1 1.53 Michigan 159.8-3.5 1.42 Minnesota 136.2-3.9 0.67 Missouri 90.9-2.5 1.12 Ohio 168.5 2.5 1.63 Wisconsin 111.1 5.9 0.91 WEST 1,223.9 13.4 1.75 Arizona 95.4 0.3 1.57 California 568.3 8.7 1.50 Colorado 127.0-1.6 0.72 Washington 143.1-1.6 1.17 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. The release schedule, national historic table and technical notes to this series are available on The Conference Board web site, http://www.conference-board.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. The historical series for the States and the 52 largest MSAs is available from Haver Analytics. The underlying data for The Conference Board HWOL is collected by Wanted Analytics, a CEB Company. 2

January Changes for States In January, online labor demand grew in 28 States, declined in 21 State, and was constant in 1 State. Two regions experienced increases and two experienced decreases. The Northeast increased 5,100 in January (Table A). New York increased 4,100 to 298,600. New Jersey decreased 6,600 to 150,800. Massachusetts decreased 1,900 to 140,200. Pennsylvania increased 8,700 to 214,100. In the smaller States, Connecticut decreased 2,600 to 73,100. New Hampshire decreased 2,100 to 24,000 and Maine increased 1,400 to 21,000. Rhode Island increased 800 to 14,900 and Vermont grew 1,200 to 11,500 (Table 3). The West increased 13,400 in January. California increased 8,700 to 568,300 and Colorado decreased 1,600 to 127,000. Washington decreased 1,600 to 143,100. Arizona increased 300 to 95,400. Among the smaller States in the West, Oregon increased 1,500 to 77,100. Utah increased 4,600 to 53,000. Nevada increased 1,200 to 45,100. Idaho grew 3,200 to 24,300 and New Mexico increased 1,400 to 26,100. Montana fell 400 to 20,900 and Hawaii increased 400 to 21,500. The Midwest experienced a decrease of 7,400 in January. Illinois fell 12,100 to 189,800 and Michigan decreased 3,500 to 159,800. Missouri decreased 2,500 to 90,900 and Ohio increased 2,500 to 168,500. Minnesota decreased 3,900 to 136,200 and Wisconsin increased 5,900 to 111,100. Among the smaller States in the region, Indiana increased 300 to 86,200 and Iowa increased 800 to 62,000. Nebraska grew 300 to 31,100 and South Dakota increased 600 to 14,800. Kansas decreased 200 to 37,600. The South decreased 4,500 in January. Among the larger States in the region, Texas decreased 7,700 to 336,000. Florida decreased 2,900 to 261,600. North Carolina decreased 2,200 to 137,100. Georgia decreased 800 to 151,900. Virginia fell 700 to 146,500. Maryland decreased 1,200 to 94,400. Among the smaller States, Tennessee increased 1,500 to 81,100 and South Carolina decreased 600 to 61,600. Alabama grew 3,200 to 52,400. Kentucky remained constant at 45,600 and Oklahoma increased 3,700 to 41,500. Louisiana increased 1,000 to 41,300 and Delaware increased 1,200 to 16,000. Supply/Demand Rates: Help Wanted OnLine calculates Supply/Demand rates for the 50 States (Table 4). The data are for December 2017, the latest month for which State unemployment figures are available. There were 10 States in which the number of advertised vacancies exceeded the number of unemployed: Hawaii (0.64), North Dakota (0.67), Minnesota (0.67), Colorado (0.72), New Hampshire (0.75), Iowa (0.77), Nebraska (0.90), Massachusetts (0.90), Wisconsin (0.91), and Vermont (0.95). The States with the highest Supply/Demand rates were Louisiana (2.42), New Mexico (2.27), West Virginia (2.21), and Mississippi (2.11) which had more than two unemployed workers for every job opening. Please note that the Supply/Demand rate only provides a measure of relative tightness of the individual State labor markets and does not suggest that the occupations of the unemployed directly align with the occupations of the advertised vacancies. 3

METRO AREA HIGHLIGHTS In January, ten of the 20 largest metro areas rose and ten declined Among the 52 metro areas, 19 rose, 29 declined, and 4 were constant (Table 5) Table B: MSA Labor Demand, Selected MSA's, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Total Ads 1 Change (Thousands) (Thousands) Supply/ Demand Rate 2 Location Jan-18 Jan 18-Dec 17 Nov-17 United States 4,903.3 1.2 1.34 NORTHEAST 949.4 5.1 1.58 Boston, MA 108.4-1.0 0.88 New York, NY 296.6-3.7 1.66 Philadelphia, PA 100.9 2.7 1.52 SOUTH 1,583.3-4.5 1.89 Atlanta, GA 100.5-0.7 1.31 Baltimore, MD 51.8 0.1 1.20 Dallas, TX 108.5-2.5 1.14 Houston, TX 72.1-2.7 2.24 Miami, FL 72.3 0.9 1.92 Washington, DC 142.9 0.3 0.90 MIDWEST 1,109.4-7.4 1.48 Chicago, IL 149.6-10.3 1.76 Cleveland, OH 30.8-0.4 2.11 Detroit, MI 75.0-0.6 1.26 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 95.9-2.1 0.59 WEST 1,223.9 13.4 1.75 Denver, CO 74.3 0.3 0.65 Los Angeles, CA 170.7 4.8 1.76 Phoenix, AZ 69.7 2.7 1.37 San Diego, CA 52.9 1.9 1.21 San Francisco, CA 113.8 2.7 0.78 San Jose, CA 58.8 1.9 0.61 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 92.8-1.2 0.96 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4

Metro Area Changes In January, labor demand rose in 19 metro areas, declined in 29 and 4 remained constant. The MSAs with the largest changes in each of the regions were: Chicago (-10,300) and Minneapolis-St. Paul (-2,100) in the Midwest; Los Angeles (4,800) and Phoenix (2,700) in the West; Houston (-2,700) and Dallas (-2,500) in the South; and Pittsburgh (3,800) and New York (-3,700) in the Northeast (See Table B and Table 5). The West increased 13,400 in January. San Francisco increased 2,700 to 113,800. Los Angeles increased 4,800 to 170,700. Denver increased 300 to 74,300 and San Jose grew 1,900 to 58,800. Seattle-Tacoma fell 1,200 to 92,800 and Phoenix increased 2,700 to 69,700. Riverside increased 1,000 to 33,500. Portland grew 900 to 49,200. Sacramento increased 1,000 at 30,700 and Salt Lake City increased 2,500 to 28,300. Honolulu grew 700 at 15,100 and Las Vegas grew 500 to 28,400. The South decreased 4,500 in January. Houston decreased 2,700 to 72,100 and Austin decreased 700 to 41,400. Miami increased 900 to 72,300 and Washington, DC increased 300 to 142,900. Dallas fell 2,500 to 108,500 and Atlanta decreased 700 to 100,500. Orlando decreased 200 to 37,500. Charlotte decreased 100 to 44,300. Tampa remained constant at 43,900 and Baltimore increased 100 to 51,800. San Antonio grew 800 to 30,000. Nashville remained constant at 34,700. New Orleans fell 600 to 15,900 and Birmingham increased 800 to 14,700. Louisville remained constant at 17,200. The Northeast increased 5,100 in January. New York decreased 3,700 to 296,600 and Pittsburgh increased 3,800 to 45,700. Philadelphia increased 2,700 to 100,900. Boston fell 1,000 to 108,400. Providence increased 800 to 20,500. Buffalo increased 300 to 18,700. Hartford fell 200 to 28,100 and Rochester increased 600 to 15,900. The Midwest experienced a decrease of 7,400 in January. Chicago decreased 10,300 to 149,600 and Minneapolis-St. Paul decreased 2,100 to 95,900. Detroit decreased 600 to 75,000 and St. Louis fell 400 to 46,900. Indianapolis remained constant at 33,400. Columbus increased 1,200 to 37,700 and Cincinnati decreased 300 to 36,200. Kansas City decreased 2,000 to 38,200 and Cleveland decreased 400 to 30,800. Milwaukee increased 1,300 to 32,700. The number of postings does not, however, tell the entire story. A crucial factor is how many unemployed people are seeking jobs and how much competition there is for the jobs that are available. The Conference Board HWOL s Supply/Demand rate relates the number of unemployed workers to the number of advertised vacancies. Based on November s data (the latest available unemployment data for metro areas), 12 major metro areas saw more job openings than unemployed workers: San Jose (S/D rate of 0.54), Minneapolis-St. Paul (0.60), Honolulu (0.65), Denver (0.69), San Francisco (0.69), Salt Lake City (0.80), Austin (0.82), Nashville (0.86), Boston (0.87), Washington, DC (0.91), Milwaukee (0.91), and Seattle-Tacoma (0.93). (Table 6). Other favorable markets for job-seekers included Kansas City (1.06) and San Diego (1.08). In contrast, unemployed workers face great competition for each advertised position in Riverside (over 2 unemployed for every opening) as well as Houston and Las Vegas (over 2 unemployed for every opening). In 49 of the 52 metro areas, however, there are now fewer than 2 unemployed per advertised opening. (See Table 6 for complete metro area Supply/Demand rates.) 5

OCCUPATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS In January, seven of the largest ten online occupational categories posted increases and three declined (Table C) Table C: U.S. Top Ten Demand Occupations and Pay Levels, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 2 SOC 1 Occupation Jan-18 Jan 18-Dec 17 Dec-17 Dec-17 Wage 3 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 606.7-12.9 170.0 0.27 $38.06 15 Computer and mathematical science 524.4 23.2 122.6 0.24 $42.25 43 Office and administrative support 504.9 7.3 697.4 1.40 $17.91 41 Sales and related 476.9 30.8 656.9 1.47 $19.50 11 Management 406.1 8.3 334.3 0.84 $56.74 53 Transportation and material moving 392.7 10.7 526.6 1.38 $17.34 13 Business and financial operations 299.1 11.3 229.5 0.80 $36.09 35 Food preparation and serving related 234.3-3.7 531.7 2.23 $11.47 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 204.5 8.1 182.2 0.93 $22.45 25 Education, training, and library 167.9-60.4 270.7 1.19 $26.21 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 3. BLS Occupational Employment Statistics - May 2015 estimates. Average Hourly Occupational Changes for the Month of January In January, seven of the largest ten online occupational categories posted increases and three declined. Education, training, and library ads decreased 60,400 to 167,900. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.19, i.e. over 1 unemployed job-seeker for every advertised available opening (see Table C and Table 7). Computer and mathematical ads increased 23,200 to 524,400. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.24, i.e. 4 advertised opening per unemployed job-seeker. Business ads increased 11,300 to 299,100. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.80, i.e. 1 advertised opening per unemployed job-seeker. Healthcare practitioners and technical ads decreased 12,900 to 606,700. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.27, i.e. 3 advertised opening per unemployed job-seeker. Sales and related ads increased 30,800 to 476,900. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.47, i.e. over 1 unemployed job-seeker for every advertised available opening. Transportation ads increased 10,700 to 392,700. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.38, i.e. over 1 unemployed job-seeker for every advertised available opening. Installation, maintenance, and repair ads increased 8,100 to 204,500. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.93, i.e. 1 unemployed job-seeker for every advertised available opening. 6

PROGRAM NOTES HWOL 2017 Annual Revision With the February 2017 press release, the HWOL program has incorporated its annual revision, which helps ensure the accuracy and consistency of the HWOL time series. This year s annual revision includes updates to the job board coverage, a revision of the historical data from May 2005 forward, an update of the Metropolitan Statistical area definitions to 2015 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) county-based MSA definitions, and the annual update of the seasonal adjustment factors. Special Note Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. HWOL available on Haver Analytics Over 3,000 of the key HWOL press release time series are exclusively available on Haver Analytics. The available time series include the geographic and occupational series for levels and rates for both Total Ads and New Ads. In addition to the seasonally adjusted series, many of the unadjusted series are also available. The geographic detail includes: U.S., 9 Regions, 50 States, 52 MSAs (largest metro areas). The occupational detail includes: U.S. (2-digit SOC), States (1-digit SOC) and MSAs (1-digit SOC). For more information about the Help Wanted OnLine database delivered via Haver Analytics, please email sales@haver.com or navigate to http://www.haver.com/contact.html. For HWOL data for detailed geographic areas and occupations not in the press release, please contact Jeanne.Shu@conference-board.org. The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine Data Series (HWOL) measures the number of new, first-time online jobs and jobs reposted from the previous month for over 16,000 Internet job boards, corporate boards and smaller job sites that serve niche markets and smaller geographic areas. Like The Conference Board s long-running Help Wanted Advertising Index of print ads (which was published for over 55 years and discontinued in July 2008), the HWOL series measures help wanted advertising, i.e. labor demand. The HWOL data series began in May 2005. With the September 2008 release, HWOL began providing seasonally adjusted data for the U.S., the nine Census regions and the 50 States. Seasonally adjusted data for occupations were provided beginning with the May 2009 release, and seasonally adjusted data for the 52 largest metropolitan areas began with the February 2012 release. People using this data are urged to review the information on the database and methodology available on The Conference Board website and contact us with questions and comments. Background information and technical notes and discussion of revisions to the series are available at: http://www.conferenceboard.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. Additional information on the Bureau of Labor Statistics data used in this release can be found on the BLS website, www.bls.gov. 7

The Conference Board The Conference Board is a global, independent business membership and research association working in the public interest. Our mission is unique: To provide the world s leading organizations with the practical knowledge they need to improve their performance and better serve society. The Conference Board is a non-advocacy, notfor-profit entity holding 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt status in the United States. WANTED Analytics, a CEB Company WANTED is a leading supplier of real-time business intelligence solutions for the talent marketplace. Using technology to gather data from corporate career sites and online job boards, WANTED builds products to help our users make better human capital decisions faster. Users of our products include corporate human resources departments, market analysts and employment services firms as well as the federal, state and local labor market analysts that use HWOL. For more information, please visit: www.wantedanalytics.com. HAVER ANALYTICS Haver Analytics is the premier provider of time series data for the Global Strategy and Research community. Haver Analytics was founded in 1978 as a consulting firm and today provides the highest quality data and software for industry professionals. Haver provides products and services to clients in financial services, government, academia and various industry groups from consulting to manufacturing. From more information please see: http://www.haver.com/contact.html. Publication Schedule, Help Wanted OnLine Data Series Data for the Month Release Date February 2018 March 7, 2018 March 2018 April 4, 2018 April 2018 May 2, 2018 May 2018 May 30, 2018 June 2018 July 2, 2018 July 2018 August 1, 2018 August 2018 September 5, 2018 September 2018 October 3, 2018 October 2018 October 31, 2018 November 2018 December 5, 2018 8

Table 1: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) M-O-M Change (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Jan-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Jan 18-Dec 17 Jan-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Jan 18-Dec 17 United States 4,886.5 4,902.1 4,903.3 1.2 2,244.6 2,006.9 2,151.4 144.6 New England 295.2 285.9 285.1-0.8 131.9 116.1 118.5 2.4 Middle Atlantic 659.6 658.4 664.3 5.9 295.0 263.3 276.0 12.8 South Atlantic 933.3 938.1 929.7-8.4 420.4 382.8 403.0 20.3 East North Central 696.3 722.8 718.2-4.6 304.8 283.3 294.7 11.3 East South Central 204.6 202.8 207.7 4.9 85.9 80.1 86.8 6.8 West North Central 407.9 394.0 391.2-2.9 172.8 160.0 165.7 5.6 West South Central 436.5 446.9 445.9-1.1 203.6 187.8 198.9 11.0 Mountain 393.6 392.2 400.9 8.8 185.8 171.2 185.1 13.8 Pacific 822.5 818.3 823.0 4.7 408.7 373.5 390.1 16.6 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. M-O-M Change (Thousands) 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Table 2: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads Rates, Seasonally Adjusted Location 2 Jan-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Jan-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 United States 3.06 3.05 3.05 1.41 1.25 1.34 New England 3.77 3.62 3.61 1.68 1.47 1.50 Middle Atlantic 3.22 3.20 3.23 1.44 1.28 1.34 South Atlantic 2.97 2.96 2.93 1.34 1.21 1.27 East North Central 2.96 3.06 3.04 1.30 1.20 1.25 East South Central 2.36 2.32 2.38 0.99 0.92 1.00 West North Central 3.65 3.53 3.50 1.55 1.43 1.48 West South Central 2.34 2.37 2.36 1.09 1.00 1.05 Mountain 3.35 3.26 3.33 1.58 1.42 1.54 Pacific 3.17 3.11 3.13 1.57 1.42 1.48 2. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Total Ads Rate 1 New Ads Rate 1 (Percent) (Percent) 1. Ads rates are calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ads rates represent the number of ads per 100 participants in the civilian labor force. 9

Table 3: State Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Jan-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Jan 18-Dec 17 Jan-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Jan 18-Dec 17 United States 4,886.5 4,902.1 4,903.3 1.2 2,244.6 2,006.9 2,151.4 144.6 Alabama 50.5 49.2 52.4 3.2 20.3 17.7 20.9 3.2 Alaska 14.2 17.2 13.7-3.5 6.2 9.0 6.7-2.3 Arizona 97.0 95.1 95.4 0.3 46.7 40.8 45.3 4.5 Arkansas 27.5 25.6 27.8 2.2 11.3 9.7 12.1 2.5 California 555.8 559.6 568.3 8.7 280.4 251.9 264.3 12.4 Colorado 122.7 128.6 127.0-1.6 60.2 58.9 59.8 0.9 Connecticut 76.3 75.7 73.1-2.6 33.2 31.0 28.4-2.7 Delaware 16.4 14.8 16.0 1.2 6.7 5.5 7.2 1.6 Florida 253.0 264.6 261.6-2.9 127.0 121.1 123.8 2.7 Georgia 152.1 152.6 151.9-0.8 65.4 60.8 62.6 1.8 Hawaii 20.1 21.1 21.5 0.4 10.7 10.5 11.1 0.6 Idaho 24.0 21.0 24.3 3.2 12.0 9.5 12.6 3.2 Illinois 182.2 201.8 189.8-12.1 78.1 75.6 76.6 1.0 Indiana 82.4 86.5 86.2-0.3 35.4 31.5 33.7 2.2 Iowa 60.3 61.1 62.0 0.8 25.5 24.0 27.6 3.6 Kansas 40.6 37.8 37.6-0.2 16.1 13.7 14.7 1.0 Kentucky 46.0 45.6 45.6 0.0 19.1 18.0 18.9 1.0 Louisiana 46.3 40.3 41.3 1.0 20.9 15.5 17.7 2.2 Maine 18.1 19.6 21.0 1.4 8.0 8.4 8.8 0.4 Maryland 105.0 95.6 94.4-1.2 43.7 35.0 36.8 1.8 Massachusetts 145.9 142.1 140.2-1.9 63.9 56.0 57.1 1.1 Michigan 154.2 163.3 159.8-3.5 69.8 64.5 67.1 2.6 Minnesota 132.4 140.1 136.2-3.9 56.7 57.5 57.4-0.2 Mississippi 26.7 27.5 28.7 1.2 10.3 10.2 11.9 1.7 Missouri 105.3 93.4 90.9-2.5 46.1 40.0 39.6-0.4 Montana 19.4 21.3 20.9-0.4 8.6 9.7 9.0-0.7 Nebraska 32.5 30.8 31.1 0.3 13.5 12.0 13.1 1.1 Nevada 47.9 43.9 45.1 1.2 24.1 19.7 22.0 2.4 New Hampshire 25.5 26.1 24.0-2.1 11.2 10.3 9.6-0.7 New Jersey 152.4 157.4 150.8-6.6 67.8 62.2 61.7-0.6 New Mexico 27.2 24.6 26.1 1.4 11.6 9.5 11.2 1.7 New York 294.4 294.6 298.6 4.1 138.5 127.2 129.5 2.3 North Carolina 132.8 139.3 137.1-2.2 60.5 56.9 60.4 3.5 North Dakota 17.1 16.2 16.5 0.3 6.8 5.9 6.2 0.2 Ohio 168.2 166.0 168.5 2.5 75.3 67.9 71.9 4.0 Oklahoma 40.5 37.8 41.5 3.7 17.4 14.2 18.1 3.8 Oregon 71.9 75.5 77.1 1.5 38.4 39.6 41.3 1.7 Pennsylvania 211.9 205.4 214.1 8.7 89.0 75.6 85.2 9.5 Rhode Island 16.6 14.1 14.9 0.8 7.8 6.2 7.0 0.8 South Carolina 63.9 62.2 61.6-0.6 29.2 24.8 26.6 1.9 South Dakota 17.8 14.3 14.8 0.6 6.2 5.0 5.5 0.5 Tennessee 81.6 79.6 81.1 1.5 36.0 33.8 34.9 1.1 Texas 322.8 343.7 336.0-7.7 148.3 148.8 145.1-3.6 Utah 48.2 48.4 53.0 4.6 20.2 18.9 22.1 3.1 Vermont 12.3 10.3 11.5 1.2 5.4 4.3 5.5 1.2 Virginia 151.8 147.3 146.5-0.7 63.0 53.4 57.5 4.1 Washington 161.4 144.8 143.1-1.6 71.6 62.8 65.6 2.8 West Virginia 18.9 19.5 20.3 0.8 7.2 7.0 8.5 1.4 Wisconsin 106.4 105.2 111.1 5.9 47.2 40.3 46.4 6.1 Wyoming 7.7 9.2 9.8 0.6 2.9 3.7 3.7 0.1 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. M-O-M Change M-O-M Change 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 10

Table 4: State Labor Supply/Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads Rate 1 Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ (Percent) Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location Jan-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Dec-17 Dec-17 Dec-17 Dec-17 United States 3.06 3.05 3.05 4.1 6,576.00 4,902.1 1.34 Alabama 2.30 2.27 2.42 3.5 75.70 49.2 1.54 Alaska 3.92 4.72 3.77 7.3 26.36 17.2 1.54 Arizona 2.96 2.85 2.86 4.5 149.56 95.1 1.57 Arkansas 2.06 1.88 2.04 3.7 50.20 25.6 1.96 California 2.90 2.89 2.93 4.3 838.74 559.6 1.50 Colorado 4.21 4.22 4.17 3.1 93.09 128.6 0.72 Connecticut 4.03 3.98 3.84 4.6 87.04 75.7 1.15 Delaware 3.49 3.12 3.37 4.6 21.83 14.8 1.47 Florida 2.53 2.61 2.58 3.7 374.37 264.6 1.42 Georgia 3.04 3.00 2.98 4.4 224.83 152.6 1.47 Hawaii 2.90 3.09 3.15 2.0 13.56 21.1 0.64 Idaho 2.91 2.50 2.88 2.9 24.70 21.0 1.17 Illinois 2.79 3.12 2.94 4.8 309.16 201.8 1.53 Indiana 2.49 2.62 2.61 3.4 112.53 86.5 1.30 Iowa 3.56 3.63 3.68 2.8 47.01 61.1 0.77 Kansas 2.74 2.55 2.54 3.4 50.45 37.8 1.33 Kentucky 2.27 2.21 2.21 4.4 90.96 45.6 2.00 Louisiana 2.20 1.90 1.95 4.6 97.34 40.3 2.42 Maine 2.61 2.79 3.00 3.0 20.70 19.6 1.06 Maryland 3.29 2.96 2.92 4.0 130.25 95.6 1.36 Massachusetts 4.05 3.90 3.84 3.5 128.04 142.1 0.90 Michigan 3.16 3.34 3.27 4.7 231.36 163.3 1.42 Minnesota 4.40 4.55 4.42 3.1 94.23 140.1 0.67 Mississippi 2.07 2.16 2.26 4.6 58.05 27.5 2.11 Missouri 3.39 3.08 3.00 3.5 104.69 93.4 1.12 Montana 3.67 4.05 3.98 4.1 21.34 21.3 1.00 Nebraska 3.21 3.05 3.08 2.7 27.67 30.8 0.90 Nevada 3.34 2.98 3.06 5.0 73.33 43.9 1.67 New Hampshire 3.40 3.50 3.22 2.6 19.53 26.1 0.75 New Jersey 3.38 3.51 3.36 5.0 224.19 157.4 1.42 New Mexico 2.92 2.63 2.79 6.0 55.81 24.6 2.27 New York 3.09 3.04 3.08 4.6 449.76 294.6 1.53 North Carolina 2.69 2.82 2.77 4.5 222.12 139.3 1.59 North Dakota 4.09 3.88 3.96 2.6 10.84 16.2 0.67 Ohio 2.95 2.87 2.92 4.7 270.09 166.0 1.63 Oklahoma 2.22 2.04 2.25 4.1 76.00 37.8 2.01 Oregon 3.48 3.52 3.59 4.1 88.63 75.5 1.17 Pennsylvania 3.29 3.21 3.35 4.7 298.95 205.4 1.46 Rhode Island 3.00 2.55 2.68 4.4 24.55 14.1 1.74 South Carolina 2.77 2.68 2.65 4.1 96.43 62.2 1.55 South Dakota 3.90 3.10 3.23 3.5 16.08 14.3 1.13 Tennessee 2.56 2.47 2.51 3.2 102.05 79.6 1.28 Texas 2.41 2.54 2.48 3.9 522.21 343.7 1.52 Utah 3.15 3.06 3.35 3.1 49.73 48.4 1.03 Vermont 3.55 2.99 3.33 2.8 9.85 10.3 0.95 Virginia 3.55 3.42 3.40 3.7 157.47 147.3 1.07 Washington 4.38 3.85 3.80 4.5 169.55 144.8 1.17 West Virginia 2.41 2.49 2.59 5.5 43.13 19.5 2.21 Wisconsin 3.41 3.32 3.51 3.0 95.65 105.2 0.91 Wyoming 2.54 3.16 3.36 4.2 12.35 9.2 1.34 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ad rates represent the number of ads per 100 persons in the civilian labor force. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Statistics and Local Area Unemployment Statistics programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 11

Table 5: MSA Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Jan-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Jan 18-Dec 17 Jan-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Jan 18-Dec 17 Birmingham, AL 14.3 13.8 14.7 0.8 5.9 4.8 6.0 1.2 Phoenix, AZ 69.9 66.9 69.7 2.7 35.7 30.2 35.1 4.8 Tucson, AZ 12.9 13.5 13.2-0.3 6.1 5.7 6.0 0.3 Los Angeles, CA 171.2 165.9 170.7 4.8 88.7 78.1 84.8 6.7 Riverside, CA 31.3 32.4 33.5 1.0 14.9 14.2 15.3 1.2 Sacramento, CA 29.7 29.7 30.7 1.0 16.0 14.1 15.4 1.3 San Diego, CA 51.4 51.0 52.9 1.9 28.2 24.9 27.1 2.2 San Francisco, CA 107.9 111.1 113.8 2.7 56.6 50.6 50.2-0.5 San Jose, CA 53.1 57.0 58.8 1.9 23.4 22.5 24.3 1.9 Denver, CO 72.3 74.0 74.3 0.3 36.2 34.1 36.2 2.1 Hartford, CT 28.9 28.3 28.1-0.2 11.3 11.7 11.3-0.3 Washington, DC 154.3 142.5 142.9 0.3 61.8 54.5 56.0 1.4 Jacksonville, FL 20.5 21.7 21.8 0.1 11.4 10.6 10.5-0.1 Miami, FL 68.3 71.4 72.3 0.9 35.2 35.6 35.4-0.3 Orlando, FL 34.9 37.7 37.5-0.2 17.3 16.9 16.6-0.3 Tampa, FL 47.5 43.9 43.9 0.0 23.3 20.9 21.3 0.4 Atlanta, GA 101.1 101.3 100.5-0.7 44.9 41.8 42.2 0.5 Honolulu, HI 14.5 14.4 15.1 0.7 8.1 7.6 8.3 0.6 Chicago, IL 143.4 159.9 149.6-10.3 65.3 60.4 61.4 1.0 Indianapolis, IN 32.6 33.4 33.4 0.0 15.2 12.5 13.9 1.4 Louisville, KY 18.6 17.2 17.2 0.0 8.6 7.2 7.4 0.2 New Orleans, LA 18.0 16.5 15.9-0.6 8.3 6.6 6.7 0.1 Baltimore, MD 55.1 51.7 51.8 0.1 24.0 19.7 21.3 1.6 Boston, MA 112.0 109.5 108.4-1.0 50.4 43.7 44.3 0.6 Detroit, MI 74.0 75.6 75.0-0.6 31.6 28.5 30.4 1.8 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 94.2 97.9 95.9-2.1 41.6 41.4 41.9 0.5 Kansas City, MO 44.0 40.2 38.2-2.0 19.2 16.0 16.1 0.1 St. Louis, MO 50.0 47.2 46.9-0.4 21.6 19.4 21.0 1.7 Las Vegas, NV 31.8 27.9 28.4 0.5 16.5 12.6 14.4 1.8 Buffalo, NY 17.0 18.5 18.7 0.3 7.5 7.8 7.9 0.1 New York, NY 297.0 300.2 296.6-3.7 140.9 126.9 128.8 1.9 Rochester, NY 15.1 15.3 15.9 0.6 6.8 6.4 6.4 0.1 Charlotte, NC 42.1 44.4 44.3-0.1 19.6 18.8 19.4 0.6 Cincinnati, OH 36.1 36.5 36.2-0.3 16.5 15.2 15.1-0.1 Cleveland, OH 31.1 31.2 30.8-0.4 13.1 12.5 12.2-0.2 Columbus, OH 36.0 36.6 37.7 1.2 16.8 15.7 17.2 1.4 Oklahoma City, OK 18.8 16.8 18.9 2.0 8.3 6.3 8.3 2.1 Portland, OR 46.6 48.3 49.2 0.9 25.6 24.9 26.1 1.2 Philadelphia, PA 103.4 98.3 100.9 2.7 42.6 38.1 38.8 0.7 Pittsburgh, PA 40.3 42.0 45.7 3.8 16.6 16.0 18.3 2.3 Providence, RI 23.6 19.7 20.5 0.8 11.4 8.6 9.8 1.2 Memphis, TN 16.0 15.1 15.9 0.8 6.8 6.1 7.0 1.0 Nashville, TN 34.2 34.7 34.7 0.0 15.7 15.1 14.9-0.2 Austin, TX 41.2 42.1 41.4-0.7 21.6 19.0 19.1 0.0 Dallas, TX 110.5 111.0 108.5-2.5 50.7 45.5 45.8 0.3 Houston, TX 60.4 74.8 72.1-2.7 28.7 35.0 33.2-1.9 San Antonio, TX 30.9 29.2 30.0 0.8 14.5 12.4 13.4 1.0 Salt Lake City, UT 26.3 25.9 28.3 2.5 11.4 10.0 12.4 2.4 Richmond, VA 21.5 20.9 21.9 0.9 10.0 8.5 9.6 1.1 Virginia Beach, VA 22.4 24.4 24.8 0.4 10.1 9.3 10.1 0.8 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 108.6 94.1 92.8-1.2 47.7 41.7 42.8 1.1 Milwaukee, WI 30.3 31.4 32.7 1.3 13.5 11.8 13.8 2.0 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Metropolitan areas use the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions. M-O-M Change (Thousands) M-O-M Change (Thousands) 12

Table 6: MSA Labor Supply /Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location 4 Jan-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Nov-17 Nov-17 Nov-17 Nov-17 Birmingham, AL 2.65 2.61 2.77 3.6 18.8 13.6 1.38 Phoenix, AZ 3.09 2.89 3.01 3.9 90.4 65.1 1.39 Tucson, AZ 2.73 2.86 2.80 4.2 19.7 11.7 1.68 Los Angeles, CA 2.57 2.46 2.53 4.0 269.7 161.8 1.67 Riverside, CA 1.56 1.60 1.64 4.4 88.7 31.7 2.80 Sacramento, CA 2.76 2.73 2.83 3.9 42.5 29.0 1.47 San Diego, CA 3.27 3.23 3.35 3.4 54.3 50.2 1.08 San Francisco, CA 4.21 4.31 4.41 2.8 72.0 103.6 0.69 San Jose, CA 5.00 5.32 5.50 2.7 29.4 54.8 0.54 Denver, CO 4.67 4.59 4.62 3.0 47.9 69.7 0.69 Hartford, CT 4.70 4.56 4.53 4.9 30.7 26.4 1.16 Washington, DC 4.62 4.20 4.21 3.8 128.2 141.1 0.91 Jacksonville, FL 2.77 2.87 2.87 3.6 27.3 20.3 1.35 Miami, FL 2.21 2.28 2.30 4.2 130.8 67.4 1.94 Orlando, FL 2.74 2.90 2.89 3.4 44.4 37.2 1.20 Tampa, FL 3.17 2.89 2.89 3.6 54.1 43.6 1.24 Atlanta, GA 3.40 3.33 3.30 4.3 131.3 99.3 1.32 Honolulu, HI 3.03 3.04 3.19 1.8 8.8 13.5 0.65 Chicago, IL 2.93 3.27 3.06 5.2 252.5 149.0 1.69 Indianapolis, IN 3.15 3.22 3.23 3.3 34.2 30.8 1.11 Louisville, KY 2.86 2.58 2.58 3.9 26.2 16.2 1.61 New Orleans, LA 3.01 2.78 2.69 4.3 25.6 15.0 1.71 Baltimore, MD 3.70 3.42 3.43 4.2 63.8 50.7 1.26 Boston, MA 4.22 4.08 4.04 3.4 91.6 105.9 0.87 Detroit, MI 3.55 3.60 3.57 4.3 89.8 74.3 1.21 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 4.86 4.92 4.82 2.8 55.8 93.4 0.60 Kansas City, MO 3.87 3.57 3.39 3.7 41.3 39.1 1.06 St. Louis, MO 3.38 3.25 3.23 3.6 52.7 45.1 1.17 Las Vegas, NV 3.02 2.57 2.62 5.2 56.8 27.1 2.10 Buffalo, NY 3.12 3.39 3.44 5.6 30.4 16.8 1.80 New York, NY 2.99 2.98 2.95 4.6 463.9 292.9 1.58 Rochester, NY 2.92 2.95 3.07 5.3 27.4 14.3 1.92 Charlotte, NC 3.23 3.38 3.38 4.2 55.2 43.8 1.26 Cincinnati, OH 3.32 3.29 3.26 4.1 45.6 35.5 1.29 Cleveland, OH 3.03 3.03 2.99 5.8 60.2 30.7 1.96 Columbus, OH 3.41 3.42 3.53 3.9 41.5 35.2 1.18 Oklahoma City, OK 2.83 2.50 2.80 3.5 23.7 16.0 1.48 Portland, OR 3.64 3.63 3.70 3.9 52.2 46.7 1.12 Philadelphia, PA 3.34 3.18 3.26 4.7 146.5 96.4 1.52 Pittsburgh, PA 3.32 3.49 3.80 4.8 57.9 41.8 1.39 Providence, RI 3.49 2.89 3.02 4.6 31.3 19.5 1.61 Memphis, TN 2.55 2.40 2.52 4.1 25.6 15.1 1.70 Nashville, TN 3.47 3.43 3.43 2.8 28.1 32.8 0.86 Austin, TX 3.66 3.69 3.63 2.8 32.2 39.2 0.82 Dallas, TX 2.95 2.92 2.86 3.3 123.8 107.7 1.15 Houston, TX 1.83 2.26 2.18 4.4 146.6 68.2 2.15 San Antonio, TX 2.69 2.50 2.57 3.1 36.6 28.5 1.28 Salt Lake City, UT 4.08 3.91 4.28 3.0 19.7 24.7 0.80 Richmond, VA 3.22 3.08 3.22 4.0 27.3 20.5 1.33 Virginia Beach, VA 2.68 2.94 2.98 4.3 35.9 22.1 1.62 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 5.30 4.51 4.45 4.1 85.2 91.6 0.93 Milwaukee, WI 3.69 3.76 3.92 3.4 28.2 31.1 0.91 Total Ads Rate 1 (Percent) 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics CPS and LAUS programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4. The Conference Board uses the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions for its data whereas the Bureau of Labor Statistics uses the OMB alternative NECTA (New England City and Town Areas) MSA definition. This will result in small comparison differences for some metropolitan areas in New England states. 13

Table 7: National Labor Supply/Labor Demand by Occupation 1, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed 4 Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 5 SOC 2 Occupation 3 Jan-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Jan 18-Dec 17 Dec-17 Dec-17 Wage 6 Total 4,886.5 4,902.1 4,903.3 1.2 6,576.0 1.34 $23.86 11 Management 410.7 397.8 406.1 8.3 334.3 0.84 $56.74 13 Business and financial operations 282.2 287.8 299.1 11.3 229.5 0.80 $36.09 15 Computer and mathematical science 528.8 501.2 524.4 23.2 122.6 0.24 $42.25 17 Architecture and engineering 148.2 151.6 157.7 6.1 61.0 0.40 $40.53 19 Life, physical, and social science 60.3 67.0 63.7-3.2 31.6 0.47 $35.06 21 Community and social services 99.8 100.0 95.2-4.8 54.2 0.54 $22.69 23 Legal 23.3 23.4 25.3 1.9 36.5 1.56 $50.95 25 Education, training, and library 166.1 228.3 167.9-60.4 270.7 1.19 $26.21 27 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 104.9 114.9 107.2-7.7 131.7 1.15 $28.07 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 632.6 619.6 606.7-12.9 170.0 0.27 $38.06 31 Healthcare support 121.1 120.0 116.5-3.4 145.8 1.21 $14.65 33 Protective service 62.8 60.6 62.4 1.8 111.7 1.84 $22.03 35 Food preparation and serving related 234.1 238.0 234.3-3.7 531.7 2.23 $11.47 37 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 111.9 118.6 115.4-3.2 364.9 3.08 $13.47 39 Personal care and service 67.2 61.2 61.7 0.6 274.7 4.49 $12.74 41 Sales and related 474.6 446.1 476.9 30.8 656.9 1.47 $19.50 43 Office and administrative support 522.8 497.6 504.9 7.3 697.4 1.40 $17.91 45 Farming, fishing, and forestry 9.0 10.1 11.1 0.9 136.7 13.49 $13.37 47 Construction and extraction 132.7 122.0 125.6 3.6 541.2 4.44 $23.51 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 210.4 196.4 204.5 8.1 182.2 0.93 $22.45 51 Production 138.6 141.7 147.5 5.8 386.6 2.73 $17.88 53 Transportation and material moving 343.9 382.0 392.7 10.7 526.6 1.38 $17.34 1. All ads are coded to the 6-digit SOC level. 2. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 3. Occupational categories use the 2010 OMB Standard Occupational Classification system (SOC definitions). 4. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey and seasonally adjusted by The Conference Board. 5. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 6. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program's May 2015 estimates. (Thousands) Average Hourly 14

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Jan-18 Wage 2 Jan-18 Wage 2 Jan-18 Wage 2 United States 628,815 $46.28 1,557,264 $34.08 483,921 $13.62 Alabama 4,956 $43.14 15,873 $30.62 4,111 $11.50 Alaska 1,481 $45.62 5,537 $37.10 1,454 $16.87 Arizona 11,243 $40.48 30,394 $31.82 11,866 $13.48 Arkansas 2,965 $36.63 8,407 $27.17 2,192 $11.26 California 81,637 $51.12 184,052 $39.97 61,986 $15.76 Colorado 14,862 $46.41 38,072 $35.55 15,903 $13.98 Connecticut 10,610 $53.22 25,812 $31.59 4,618 $15.52 Delaware 2,937 $48.23 5,121 $35.92 946 $13.46 Florida 29,985 $42.10 75,739 $31.47 36,039 $13.21 Georgia 20,121 $44.86 48,987 $31.88 13,705 $11.85 Hawaii 2,432 $40.62 5,240 $32.45 4,460 $16.01 Idaho 2,231 $36.16 6,909 $27.91 2,400 $12.15 Illinois 30,118 $45.67 60,757 $33.64 15,987 $14.20 Indiana 8,122 $38.21 24,944 $29.59 7,965 $11.98 Iowa 5,948 $38.62 16,283 $28.99 6,866 $12.33 Kansas 4,108 $40.20 11,699 $28.69 3,523 $11.99 Kentucky 4,189 $37.96 12,613 $28.75 3,899 $11.70 Louisiana 4,162 $13.44 11,448 $28.21 4,549 $11.22 Maine 2,008 $38.50 7,018 $30.32 1,886 $12.90 Maryland 12,850 $49.12 38,860 $38.21 7,595 $14.58 Massachusetts 22,264 $52.66 49,288 $38.61 11,273 $16.19 Michigan 17,607 $43.45 48,196 $28.46 15,125 $12.80 Minnesota 16,640 $44.87 43,007 $33.60 14,765 $13.65 Mississippi 2,668 $35.34 7,676 $26.54 2,934 $11.02 Missouri 10,960 $41.60 29,071 $30.02 8,618 $12.08 Montana 1,642 $34.83 6,073 $27.20 2,485 $12.44 Nebraska 3,526 $39.43 8,847 $22.32 3,114 $12.73 Nevada 4,826 $41.28 12,122 $33.08 6,621 $14.07 New Hampshire 2,293 $46.62 7,974 $33.78 1,954 $13.86 New Jersey 24,244 $54.35 49,803 $37.07 11,563 $15.53 New Mexico 2,576 $38.01 10,094 $32.27 2,152 $12.18 New York 51,349 $57.43 96,227 $38.01 26,685 $15.72 North Carolina 17,379 $45.81 46,863 $31.55 11,331 $11.92 North Dakota 1,791 $39.34 5,363 $28.92 1,272 $13.92 Ohio 19,184 $41.52 51,027 $31.75 15,977 $12.65 Oklahoma 3,635 $38.99 12,381 $28.09 3,806 $7.11 Oregon 8,185 $42.39 21,921 $34.55 8,036 $14.29 Pennsylvania 26,599 $45.43 64,132 $32.34 20,674 $13.02 Rhode Island 2,095 $48.06 4,345 $35.24 1,197 $14.46 South Carolina 5,680 $38.65 18,244 $29.69 5,828 $11.66 South Dakota 1,796 $38.16 4,290 $26.84 1,367 $11.96 Tennessee 8,711 $39.54 23,707 $29.09 7,358 $11.83 Texas 41,635 $47.18 101,561 $33.41 34,155 $12.63 Utah 5,378 $38.58 14,885 $30.41 5,784 $12.37 Vermont 1,180 $39.52 3,580 $30.16 1,293 $14.84 Virginia 21,192 $49.34 62,027 $36.53 11,336 $13.61 Washington 18,198 $46.56 46,514 $37.48 14,436 $15.83 West Virginia 1,779 $35.61 6,981 $27.86 1,807 $11.66 Wisconsin 10,803 $40.18 30,578 $30.40 10,951 $12.53 Wyoming 1,109 $41.32 3,286 $28.97 899 $11.81 1. The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 15

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Jan-18 Wage 1 Jan-18 Wage 1 Jan-18 Wage 1 United States 838,047 $18.54 260,090 $22.60 433,071 $17.60 Alabama 9,542 $7.20 3,716 $20.52 6,878 $16.16 Alaska 1,989 $19.87 717 $30.72 608 $24.18 Arizona 18,332 $17.33 5,692 $20.63 6,731 $17.35 Arkansas 4,958 $15.52 1,735 $18.34 3,969 $15.74 California 100,213 $20.19 23,838 $23.82 34,758 $17.79 Colorado 20,114 $19.99 8,247 $22.54 8,854 $18.87 Connecticut 12,385 $21.28 2,649 $25.68 5,181 $19.26 Delaware 2,639 $18.22 743 $23.62 1,232 $16.51 Florida 52,555 $17.24 18,888 $19.19 17,965 $16.24 Georgia 24,080 $17.57 8,600 $20.36 15,959 $16.16 Hawaii 4,654 $18.02 1,204 $28.73 1,260 $20.85 Idaho 3,731 $16.19 1,533 $19.61 2,466 $16.84 Illinois 31,881 $18.96 7,122 $26.75 18,095 $17.78 Indiana 14,301 $17.04 4,597 $21.97 13,456 $17.17 Iowa 10,780 $16.86 4,179 $21.13 9,270 $16.99 Kansas 6,931 $17.10 2,141 $21.38 4,536 $17.82 Kentucky 8,266 $16.17 2,344 $21.08 7,743 $17.42 Louisiana 8,289 $15.47 3,111 $20.97 4,478 $19.29 Maine 3,363 $16.53 977 $20.46 1,742 $17.16 Maryland 13,594 $19.36 4,236 $23.63 5,556 $18.61 Massachusetts 22,554 $21.51 5,200 $27.63 9,090 $18.75 Michigan 27,667 $17.93 8,753 $22.63 15,683 $17.55 Minnesota 22,472 $19.60 6,480 $24.89 14,437 $18.35 Mississippi 5,445 $14.86 1,820 $19.10 4,403 $15.99 Missouri 15,598 $17.08 4,555 $22.63 9,063 $16.90 Montana 3,098 $16.25 1,620 $21.79 2,077 $18.18 Nebraska 5,476 $16.85 2,199 $20.61 3,214 $17.49 Nevada 8,551 $17.21 2,539 $23.82 3,509 $17.53 New Hampshire 4,466 $19.30 1,193 $23.00 2,169 $17.81 New Jersey 26,202 $20.18 6,132 $26.58 10,720 $17.92 New Mexico 3,854 $16.07 1,609 $20.14 1,799 $17.62 New York 50,705 $22.00 11,326 $27.50 16,862 $19.00 North Carolina 21,291 $17.70 8,151 $19.49 11,872 $15.86 North Dakota 2,445 $18.22 1,480 $25.33 1,944 $21.37 Ohio 29,579 $17.73 9,317 $22.08 22,028 $17.24 Oklahoma 7,500 $16.49 3,017 $20.66 5,293 $17.28 Oregon 12,228 $7.52 4,980 $22.91 7,223 $17.78 Pennsylvania 37,666 $18.33 10,719 $22.76 23,661 $17.69 Rhode Island 2,497 $20.03 692 $24.25 1,222 $17.56 South Carolina 10,337 $15.98 4,799 $19.61 6,848 $16.79 South Dakota 2,615 $16.11 975 $19.46 1,809 $15.84 Tennessee 15,591 $16.76 4,073 $20.21 10,253 $16.07 Texas 61,580 $18.56 22,705 $20.77 30,477 $18.21 Utah 9,813 $17.20 3,200 $21.19 5,411 $17.43 Vermont 1,679 $18.45 516 $21.58 1,033 $18.35 Virginia 20,062 $18.52 6,462 $21.83 7,703 $17.81 Washington 22,224 $19.98 7,939 $25.75 10,623 $20.68 West Virginia 3,299 $14.78 1,194 $20.51 2,319 $17.29 Wisconsin 18,474 $17.89 6,070 $23.08 16,192 $17.56 Wyoming 1,320 $17.23 903 $25.04 1,151 $22.47 1. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 16

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Jan-18 Wage 2* Jan-18 Wage 2* Jan-18 Wage 2* United States 628,815 $46.28 1,557,264 $34.08 483,921 $13.62 Birmingham, AL 1,520 $44.34 3,979 $32.77 1,299 $11.93 Phoenix, AZ 8,839 $41.61 19,899 $32.52 8,353 $13.40 Tucson, AZ 1,220 $37.52 4,439 $31.33 1,777 $13.43 Los Angeles, CA 26,049 $49.93 50,163 $39.29 19,537 $15.41 Riverside, CA 3,156 $42.62 8,814 $34.16 4,602 $14.71 Sacramento, CA 3,951 $42.97 8,833 $30.70 3,235 $15.52 San Diego, CA 6,447 $48.78 16,674 $37.05 6,450 $13.42 San Francisco, CA 22,101 $58.62 36,470 $44.78 10,972 $17.31 San Jose, CA 10,058 $65.33 26,975 $51.00 4,357 $16.68 Denver, CO 10,599 $48.18 22,649 $37.57 8,322 $14.03 Hartford, CT 4,391 $49.75 10,010 $36.81 1,600 $15.39 Washington, DC 26,425 $54.84 61,712 $42.70 11,358 $15.84 Jacksonville, FL 2,441 $41.29 5,924 $24.90 2,284 $12.90 Miami, FL 9,382 $45.04 18,963 $32.37 11,552 $13.73 Orlando, FL 4,520 $41.63 10,685 $31.75 5,254 $12.90 Tampa, FL 6,143 $41.78 13,280 $32.33 4,992 $13.01 Atlanta, GA 16,026 $47.32 32,885 $24.84 8,965 $12.17 Honolulu, HI 1,906 $41.44 3,536 $31.14 2,588 $15.50 Chicago, IL 25,422 $47.29 46,488 $34.93 13,295 $14.36 Indianapolis, IN 3,983 $39.80 9,110 $32.47 2,876 $12.41 Louisville, KY 1,769 $39.68 4,069 $30.58 1,592 $12.13 New Orleans, LA 1,645 $39.69 4,266 $30.35 2,507 $11.55 Baltimore, MD 6,778 $47.65 21,368 $37.02 4,203 $14.46 Boston, MA 19,042 $54.85 37,431 $39.62 8,343 $16.46 Detroit, MI 9,425 $46.36 24,099 $34.76 6,897 $12.88 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 13,701 $46.98 29,566 $35.41 10,001 $10.90 Kansas City, MO 4,741 $43.18 10,946 $30.99 4,244 $12.79 St. Louis, MO 6,575 $44.58 16,303 $30.96 4,186 $12.52 Las Vegas, NV 3,249 $41.28 7,480 $33.51 4,442 $14.37 Buffalo, NY 2,357 $43.09 4,802 $30.25 1,582 $13.80 New York, NY 57,591 $60.10 97,575 $40.04 24,737 $16.12 Rochester, NY 1,624 $46.10 4,902 $31.08 1,529 $14.09 Charlotte, NC 7,198 $47.74 14,457 $33.28 3,540 $12.24 Cincinnati, OH 4,520 $43.21 10,767 $32.54 3,462 $12.56 Cleveland, OH 4,179 $42.70 8,737 $32.36 3,072 $11.18 Columbus, OH 5,217 $42.21 11,806 $33.78 3,245 $13.27 Oklahoma City, OK 2,062 $39.77 5,587 $29.40 1,749 $12.46 Portland, OR 6,211 $45.18 13,239 $36.16 5,067 $14.70 Philadelphia, PA 16,280 $49.81 32,303 $35.17 8,721 $13.94 Pittsburgh, PA 6,073 $44.08 13,296 $31.72 4,740 $12.57 Providence, RI 2,530 $46.81 5,722 $30.43 1,636 $14.50 Memphis, TN 1,977 $40.33 4,133 $30.89 1,384 $12.20 Nashville, TN 4,409 $41.44 10,047 $30.65 3,512 $12.14 Austin, TX 5,676 $45.51 13,827 $34.03 4,255 $13.33 Dallas, TX 16,309 $48.38 32,655 $35.24 10,423 $13.09 Houston, TX 9,918 $52.45 20,382 $37.12 7,189 $12.85 San Antonio, TX 3,302 $43.12 9,100 $32.14 3,668 $12.32 Salt Lake City, UT 3,680 $40.90 8,275 $33.02 2,456 $12.78 Richmond, VA 3,024 $44.40 7,895 $32.54 1,632 $13.13 Virginia Beach, VA 2,831 $43.06 8,520 $32.37 2,033 $12.99 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 13,333 $49.08 30,036 $41.02 9,263 $16.48 Milwaukee, WI 4,142 $44.50 10,214 $32.54 3,352 $12.58 1.The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 17

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Jan-18 Wage 2* Jan-18 Wage 2* Jan-18 Wage 2* United States 838,047 $18.54 260,090 $22.60 433,071 $17.60 Birmingham, AL 3,173 $18.09 953 $21.64 1,644 $8.22 Phoenix, AZ 14,170 $17.87 3,945 $21.34 4,798 $17.59 Tucson, AZ 2,197 $16.21 835 $20.33 687 $16.18 Los Angeles, CA 33,523 $20.03 6,432 $25.46 9,793 $16.96 Riverside, CA 7,445 $17.82 1,904 $23.73 3,527 $17.11 Sacramento, CA 5,709 $19.31 1,764 $24.99 2,295 $17.76 San Diego, CA 9,457 $19.39 2,410 $24.93 2,591 $17.31 San Francisco, CA 18,149 $23.76 3,699 $30.51 5,422 $21.50 San Jose, CA 6,995 $25.09 1,477 $28.57 1,786 $19.52 Denver, CO 11,830 $21.13 4,368 $23.15 4,542 $19.56 Hartford, CT 4,530 $7.86 1,042 $25.51 2,040 $19.29 Washington, DC 17,761 $21.37 4,841 $24.55 4,097 $19.71 Jacksonville, FL 3,968 $17.74 1,806 $19.77 1,676 $17.47 Miami, FL 16,603 $18.15 4,131 $20.15 4,160 $16.86 Orlando, FL 7,396 $16.78 2,586 $19.25 2,581 $15.98 Tampa, FL 8,343 $17.62 2,979 $18.81 2,832 $15.61 Atlanta, GA 16,200 $18.95 4,960 $21.50 8,297 $16.69 Honolulu, HI 3,230 $18.20 831 $29.52 891 $21.81 Chicago, IL 25,705 $19.65 5,246 $27.99 12,187 $17.89 Indianapolis, IN 6,022 $18.63 1,761 $22.44 4,258 $16.72 Louisville, KY 3,307 $17.51 1,052 $21.90 2,540 $18.57 New Orleans, LA 3,004 $7.44 941 $21.08 1,156 $19.93 Baltimore, MD 7,269 $19.41 2,300 $23.46 2,904 $6.04 Boston, MA 17,730 $22.52 3,569 $28.56 6,160 $19.07 Detroit, MI 12,717 $18.90 3,675 $24.23 6,124 $18.83 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 16,637 $20.95 4,227 $26.34 8,468 $18.73 Kansas City, MO 7,221 $18.43 1,953 $23.43 4,064 $18.07 St. Louis, MO 7,996 $18.32 1,861 $11.29 3,570 $17.86 Las Vegas, NV 5,576 $17.11 1,399 $23.71 1,657 $17.44 Buffalo, NY 3,707 $18.10 971 $22.96 1,638 $17.80 New York, NY 50,709 $22.65 9,499 $28.92 14,348 $19.04 Rochester, NY 2,785 $18.70 822 $22.64 1,326 $17.50 Charlotte, NC 6,773 $19.55 2,322 $20.70 3,480 $17.06 Cincinnati, OH 6,861 $10.85 1,750 $22.29 4,194 $17.67 Cleveland, OH 5,766 $18.96 1,693 $23.40 3,381 $17.65 Columbus, OH 6,456 $18.24 1,939 $22.09 4,058 $16.95 Oklahoma City, OK 3,398 $17.49 1,447 $20.93 1,876 $16.76 Portland, OR 8,220 $19.38 2,709 $24.71 4,531 $18.62 Philadelphia, PA 18,363 $19.98 4,192 $25.58 7,227 $18.32 Pittsburgh, PA 8,750 $18.11 2,182 $22.69 4,140 $17.73 Providence, RI 3,625 $19.25 986 $24.23 1,733 $17.34 Memphis, TN 3,152 $17.32 833 $20.24 2,471 $15.95 Nashville, TN 6,727 $18.06 1,739 $21.21 3,550 $16.69 Austin, TX 6,741 $20.26 2,022 $19.66 2,101 $16.29 Dallas, TX 20,005 $19.87 5,545 $20.73 8,942 $18.10 Houston, TX 14,144 $19.74 5,127 $22.31 6,102 $20.09 San Antonio, TX 5,227 $17.59 2,149 $19.73 2,235 $16.53 Salt Lake City, UT 5,363 $7.30 1,482 $21.95 2,446 $17.72 Richmond, VA 3,400 $18.59 1,299 $21.73 1,348 $17.40 Virginia Beach, VA 3,993 $16.68 1,639 $21.31 1,593 $18.46 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 14,614 $21.19 4,569 $27.50 6,260 $22.01 Milwaukee, WI 5,392 $19.76 1,593 $24.77 3,586 $18.12 1. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 18

The Conference Board 2018. All data contained in this press release are protected by United States and international copyright laws. The data displayed are provided for informational purposes only and may only be accessed, reviewed, and/or used in accordance with, and the permission of, The Conference Board consistent with a subscriber or license agreement and the Terms of Use displayed on our website at www.conference-board.org. The data and analysis contained herein may not be used, redistributed, published, or posted by any means without express written permission from The Conference Board. COPYRIGHT TERMS OF USE. All material in this press release and on Our Sites is protected by United States and international copyright laws. You must abide by all copyright notices and restrictions contained in Our Sites. You may not reproduce, distribute (in any form including over any local area or other network or service), display, perform, create derivative works of, sell, license, extract for use in a database, or otherwise use any materials (including computer programs and other code) in this press release or on Our Sites (collectively, Site Material ), except that you may download Site Material in the form of one machine-readable copy that you will use only for personal, noncommercial purposes, and only if you do not alter Site Material or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice displayed on the Site Material. If you are a subscriber to any of the services offered on Our Sites, you may be permitted to use Site Material, according to the terms of your subscription agreement. TRADEMARKS. THE CONFERENCE BOARD, the TORCH LOGO, THE CONFERENCE BOARD HELP WANTED ONLINE, and any other logos, indicia and trademarks featured in this press release or on Our Sites are trademarks owned by The Conference Board, Inc. in the United States and other countries ( Our Trademarks ). You may not use Our Trademarks in connection with any product or service that does not belong to us nor in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among users about whether The Conference Board is the source, sponsor, or endorser of the product or service, nor in any manner that disparages or discredits us. Violators of these rights will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. Nothing herein shall restrict the use of the information by news journalists using the information in a legitimate news publication or periodical. 19