F o rt S u m t e r, S C April 12, 1861 Started the Civil War No one was killed The Confederacy attacked the fort before Lincoln s supply ships arrived The Union had to surrender the fort after 34 hours of bombardment
1 s t M a n a s s a s, V A July 21 st, 1861 Also known as the First Battle of Bull Run in the North Where Stonewall Jackson won his nickname for holding off the Union forces like a stone wall The South s rebel yell caused the Union troops to panic Many in the South thought the war was won at this point Made the North realize they had underestimated the South
S h i l o h, T N April 6, 1862 Grant was surprised before reinforcements arrived Sherman had three horses shot out from under him Union boats arrived overnight bringing fresh troops and Forced the South to retreat Extremely high body count Union 13,000, Confederates 11,000
A n t i e ta m, M D September 17, 1862 The bloodiest day in all of American history Neither side gained ground Led to Lincoln firing McClellan because he could have followed up Lee s troops and finished them off After Lee s troops were stopped Lincoln decided to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
F r e d e r i c k s b u r g, V A December 1862 Lincoln replaced McClellan with Ambrose Burnside He attacked Confederate troops who had dug trenches 12,600 Union casualties
V i c k s b u r g, M S July 4, 1863 Grant defeated Confederate troops by cutting off supplies to the city (1 ½ months) Split the south by giving the Union complete control of the Mississippi River Grant was soon named commander of the Union armies
G e t t y s b u r g, P A June-July, 1863 Known as the turning point of the war Pickett s Charge was Lee s deadly mistake to mount a direct attack into direct Union fire North 23,000 men dead South 28,000 men dead
Fall of Atlanta, GA September 1864 Started Sherman s plan of Total War (war against everything that supports the enemy) Part of the march to the sea that cut a path of destruction through Georgia 60 miles wide and 300 miles long Secured Lincoln s re-election
Appomattox, VA April 9, 1865 Where Lee surrendered to Grant The Confederates were largely outnumbered with only 100,000 men. There is nothing left for me to do, but to go and see General Grant and I would rather die a thousand deaths.
LincoLn s 1 st Inaugural Address March 4 th, 1861 Assured the South that he had no intention of abolishing slavery Spoke forcefully against secession Appealed for friendship
Davis inaugural address 1861 Argued that separation from the Union was a "necessity, not a choice Davis's "most earnest desire" was for a peaceful succession. They were not given the "inalienable rights" promised to all American people and sought to fix that, just as the colonists had before them. He believed that independence must be pursued, but "appeal to arms" must be the last solution. The South needed the North in order to be economically successful
Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863 Given at the dedication of a national cemetery five months after the battle just over two minutes in length Recognized as one of the best speeches of all time Focuses on the actions of the soldiers at Gettysburg Main Ideas: - founding fathers created a nation based on equality - we are fighting to preserve our country - the living must dedicate themselves to finishing the work of the soldiers - making sure freedom and democracy endure
Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 Freed all slaves in Confederate territory Meant to weaken the Confederacy Actually freed very few slaves Impacted the public by making the Civil War a war of liberation
LincoLn s second inaugural address March 4, 1865 He stood on the steps of the capitol in front of it s newly completed dome In the audience stood John Wilkes Booth Cold, windy day and Lincoln s tone was weary and somber Stated that the cause of the war was slavery Urged everyone to work for a just and lasting peace bind up the nation s wounds
Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) Sixteenth president of the United States The first Republican president ever, Lincoln led the Union to victory in the Civil War and ended slavery in America. Lincoln declared South Carolina's secession illegal and pledged to go to war to protect the federal union in 1861. Authored the Emancipation Proclamation His brilliance was captured in the Gettysburg Address Lincoln was assassinated on 14 April 1865 by John Wilkes Booth
Clara Barton Angel of the Battlefield" Began attending to wounded Union soldiers after the early losses at Bull Run. Gathered donations, distributed necessary medicines & medical supplies. Went on to found the American Red Cross
Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885) Served as commander in chief of the Union army during the Civil War, leading the North to victory over the Confederacy. Grant accepted Confederate General Robert E. Lee's surrender on 9 April 1865 Grant s presidency was mired in corruption & scandal His willingness to be aggressive and fight two traits sorely lacking in many Union Union casualties were so high that Grant was branded "The Butcher" Grant's surrender terms at Appomattox helped heal the divided nation by avoiding treason trials and leaving the South with some of its honor intact
Sgt. William H. Carney First African American to be awarded the Medal of Honor. Served with the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry He received his medal for saving the American flag and planting it on the parapet and holding it while the troops charged He was wounded four times, but returned the flag to the lines, saying, "Boys, the old flag never touched the ground! Carney was born a slave but escaped to Massachusetts with his father through the Underground Railroad. They were able later to buy the rest of the family out of slavery.
William Tecumseh Sherman Hated across the South but a hero to the North Captured Atlanta in record time and lay waste to the Georgia and South Carolina countryside on his 1864 March to the Sea. His success helped re-elect Lincoln Known for waging TOTAL WAR against the South
Jefferson Davis (1808-1889) First and only president of the Confederate States of America. Secretary of War under Franklin Pierce Served as a congressman and then as a Mississippi senator After defeat in the Civil War, he was stripped of his citizenship and took refuge in Europe He acted as his own Secretary of War and meddled constantly in southern military strategy He held less power in the South than Lincoln did in the North, and the power he did have rapidly decreased as the Union Army captured large parts of the Confederacy.
Robert E. Lee (1807-1870) One of the most talented and successful generals of the Civil War. graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1846 He was against secession, he declined Lincoln's offer to command the Union Army Declared his allegiance to his home state of Virginia Lee commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia until his surrender to General Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. Lee used brilliant and aggressive tactics to defeat his enemies
J.E.B. Stuart Major general and cavalry commander for the Confederate States of America during the Civil War (1861-65). Stuart became one of the Confederacy s most prominent figures after he led his cavalry corps on two successful circumnavigations of the Union Army of the Potomac in 1862. Stuart s skill at reconnaissance earned him a reputation as the eyes and ears of the Confederate army He was partially blamed for the defeat at Gettysburg after he failed to provide General Robert E. Lee with adequate information on Union troop positions
John Bell Hood Highly regarded among the ranks of Confederate generals. Despite wounds at Gettysburg and losing a leg at Chickamauga, Hood continued to fight. His defense of Atlanta against Sherman bought only a few weeks for the city, which he was forced to surrender. A businessman after the war, Hood died nearly penniless, although his memoirs later proved extremely popular. Hood was promoted to brigadier general in command of what became known as the Texas Brigade.