SSUSH9 C Comparing Civil War Leaders

SSUSH9 C Comparing Civil War Leaders

Comparing Civil War Leaders POB: Virginia POB: Ohio West Point (1825 1829) West Point (1839 1843) 2 nd of 46 (Engineers) 21 st of 39 (Infantry) Robert E. Lee (1807 1870) 2 nd Lieutenant (Corps of Engineers) 2 nd Lieutenant (4 th U.S. Infantry) Ulysses S. Grant (1822 1885) War with Mexico (1846 1848) Staff Officer w/winfield Scott Staff Officer w/winfield Scott Fought at Battle of Chapultepec Fought at Battle of Chapultepec Brevet Lt. Col. & Col. For Bravery Brevet Capt. & Maj. For Bravery

Comparing Civil War Leaders POB: Ohio POB: S. Carolina West Point (1836 1840) West Point (1838 1842) 6 th of 42 (Artillery) 54 th of 62 (Infantry) William T. Sherman (1820 1891) 2 nd Lieutenant (3 rd U.S. Artillery) 2 nd Lieutenant (8 th U.S. Infantry) James Longstreet (1821 1904) War with Mexico (1846 1848) Served in California Territory Served under Winfield Scott (Inf) Helped Survey Sacramento Fought at Battle of Chapultepec Brevet Capt. (Meritorious Svc) Brevet Capt. & Maj. For Bravery

Confederate Generals who fought at the Battle of Chapultepec (12-13 Sep 1847) Robert E. Lee (Bvt. Col.) Joseph E. Johnston (Bvt. Col.) James Longstreet (Bvt. Maj.) Thomas J. Jackson (Bvt. Maj.) George Pickett (Bvt. Capt.) P. G. T. Beauregard (Bvt. Maj.)

Union Generals who fought at the Battle of Chapultepec (12-13 Sep 1847) Winfield Scott (General) Ulysses S. Grant (Bvt. Maj.) Joseph Hooker (Bvt. Maj.) George B. McClellan (Bvt. Capt.) Edwin V. Sumner (Bvt. Col.) Silas Casey (Bvt. Maj.)

Confederate Leaders Chief Engineer Fort Carroll Baltimore Harbor (1848 1852) Infantry Captain 8 th U.S. Infantry Texas Frontier (1848 1858) Robert E. Lee (1807 1870) Superintendent West Point (1852-1855) Lt. Col. & Colonel 2 nd U.S. Cavalry (1855-1861) Infantry Major 8 th U.S. Inf. Ft. Bliss, TX (1858 1861) James Longstreet (1821 1904) The Civil War Begins Offered Command of all Union Forces by Pres. Lincoln (18 Apr 61) Accepted appointment as General in Confederate Army (23 Apr 61) Resigned from the U.S. Army to join the Confederacy (1 Jun 61) Appointed Brigadier General in the Confederate Army (17 Jun 61)

Union Leaders Artillery Captain 3 rd U.S. Artillery in California (1848 1853) Infantry Captain 4 th U.S. Infantry Oregon/California (1848 1854) Resigned (1853) Resigned (1854) William T. Sherman (1820 1891) Bank Manager in San Francisco (1853-1859) Farmer in St. Louis (1854-1859) Ulysses S. Grant (1822 1885) Requested Reinstatement (Denied) Requested Reinstatement (Denied) The Civil War Begins Commissioned Colonel, 13 th U.S. Inf. (14 May 1861) Promoted B.G. U.S.V. (17 May 1861) for Service at 1 st Battle of Bull Run Commissioned Colonel, 21 st Ill Vols. (14 June 1861) Promoted B.G. U.S.V. (7 Aug 1861) for Service at Battle of Ft. Henry

Comparing Civil War Leaders Views on Slavery & Secession He didn t free his wife s inherited slaves until 1862 He married into a slave owning Missouri family in 1848 He Supervised the Louisiana State Seminary (1859-1860) Slavery as an institution is a moral and political evil in any country. (27 Dec 1856) "I can anticipate no greater calamity for the country than a dissolution of the Union... Secession is nothing but revolution. (29 Jan 1861) I can but see the doom of Slavery. The North does not want, nor will they want, to interfere with the institution. (19 Apr 1861) Secession was illogical as well as impractical; it was revolution. (Grant Memoirs; 1885) All the Congresses on earth can't make the negro anything else than what he is; he must be subject to the white man. (10 Jul 1860) The right of secession is but the beginning of the end, it is utterly wrong. (5 Jan 1861)

Comparing Civil War Commanders M.G. Ulysses S. Grant Commander of the Army of Tennessee (14 Feb 1862) Gen. Robert E. Lee Commander of the Army of N. Virginia (1 Jun 1862) Shiloh Campaign in Tennessee (29 Mar 8 Apr 1862) Remained Steadfast Against Poor or Overwhelming Odds Willing to accept Great Losses during Counterattacks Stubborn Tenacity allowed him to Turn Defeat into Victory Successfully Forced the Enemy to Disengage and Withdraw Cemented his Reputation with the President as a Relentless Fighter Seven Days Battles in Virginia (26 Jun 1 Jul 1862) Always Aggressive Against an Enemy with Greater Numbers Confidence in and Support of his Troops ensured Willingness to Fight Willing to take Great Risks Against Superior Forces to Obtain Victory Successfully Stopped the Union Threat Against Confederate Capitol Seen as the Authentic Hero of the Confederacy by the People

Comparing Civil War Commanders M.G. Ulysses S. Grant Commander of the Army of Tennessee (14 Feb 1862) Gen. Robert E. Lee Commander of the Army of N. Virginia (1 Jun 1862) Vicksburg Campaign in Mississippi (Oct 1862 Jul 1863) Gained Experience in Coordinating Theater Level Operations Developed an Understanding of Living off of Enemy Resources Cemented Strong Loyalties with key Subordinate Officers Promoted General-in-Chief of the United States Army (12 March 1864) Antietam Campaign in Maryland (13 17 April 1862) Developed the Necessary Teamwork to fight as a Cohesive Army Used Bold and Brilliant Maneuvers to Neutralize Enemy Effectiveness Cemented Strong Loyalties with key Subordinate Officers Promoted General-in-Chief of the Confederate Army (31 January 1865)

Comparing Civil War Commanders M.G. Ulysses S. Grant General-in-Chief of the United States Army (12 March 1864) Relationship with the U.S. President Shared and Developed Lincoln s Vision of the War Political Attrition of the Enemy Destruction of Enemy Resources Annihilation of all Enemy Forces Grant developed a Coherent and Decisive Strategy of Attacking the Enemy on All Fronts to Destroy the South s Ability and Willingness to Continue the War Gen. Robert E. Lee General-in-Chief of the Confederate Army (31 January 1865) Relationship with the C.S. President Discussed but Disagreed with Davis Vision of the War Davis pursued a Defensive Strategy to Outlasting the Enemy Lee believed in Striking the Enemy Hard and Fast to Demoralize them Lee focused on the Eastern Theater and the Proximity of Armies to their own Capitols, while Neglecting the Importance of Operations in the West

Comparing Civil War Commanders Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant General-in-Chief of the United States Army (12 March 1864) Implementation of Grant s Plan Effective Use of the Concepts of Total War Against the Enemy Living off of Enemy Resources Destruction of Contraband Annihilation of all Enemy Forces Avoidance of Territorial Occupation Use of a Scorched Earth Policy The Atlanta Campaign (7 May 2 Sep 1864) Gen. Robert E. Lee General-in-Chief of the Confederate Army (31 January 1865) Implementation of Lee s Plan Effective Invasion of the North to Force the Union to Seek Peace Neutralize the Effectiveness of the Union Army of the Potomac Invade the North and Threaten the Union Capitol in Washington Cause Union forces in the West to come to the North s Defense The Gettysburg Campaign (3 Jun 24 July 1863)

Comparing Civil War Leaders General Robert E. Lee Army of N. Virginia Lieutenant General James Longstreet First Corps Commander Relationship Between Commanders Longstreet served under Lee s Command for the first time during the Seven Days Campaign (Jun-Jul 1862), successfully pushing the Union forces down the Peninsula and defending Richmond. The South s stunning victory at the 2 nd Battle of Manassas was a result of Lee s audacity in combat and Longstreet s hammer-like counter-attacks. Lee later described Longstreet My Old Warhorse, while Longstreet said the Lee possessed the Most Clever and Brilliant Tactical Ability. Lee was indebted to Longstreet s valuable counsel and support. Lee expressed concern when Longstreet advocated fighting more Defensive Battles. Longstreet described their meetings as Severe Thought and Study of War. Longstreet opposed Lee s desire to invade the North over his own recommended Western Strategy.

Comparing Civil War Leaders General Robert E. Lee Army of N. Virginia Lieutenant General James Longstreet First Corps Commander Gettysburg Campaign: 3 Jun 24 July 1863 Lee opposed Longstreet s proposal to make a broad turning movement south of the Union army, forcing the enemy to face the Army of Northern Virginia on Good Ground for them to defend. Longstreet believed that Lee was committing a grave mistake by attacking the strong Union positions at Gettysburg. Longstreet was a stubborn Leader whose opposition to Lee s Plan affected his conduct during the Battle. The culmination of three days of disagreement between Lee and Longstreet resulted in the failed assault of Picket s Charge that ended the battle.

Comparing Civil War Leaders Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant General of the Army Major General William T. Sherman Army of Tennessee Relationship Between Commanders Grant and Sherman were linked together for the first time during the Shiloh Campaign (Mar-Apr 1862), resulting in their first Union Victory. The Union s Significant Victory during the Vicksburg Campaign (Jul 1863) resulted from the effective teamwork of General s Grant and Sherman. Both men developed and improved their generalship as they forged a solid command relationship. Grant knew how to confide in Sherman and rely on his support. Grant s Genius lay in his unusual military insight, effective planning, and flexibility under pressure. Sherman knew how to be honest with Grant and trust his judgment. Sherman s Genius laid more in his maneuverability, logistical support, and strategy of total war.

Comparing Civil War Leaders Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant General of the Army Major General William T. Sherman Army of Tennessee Atlanta Campaign: 7 May 2 Sep 1864 Grant and Sherman shared the concepts of Total War and the Scorched Earth Policy needed to ensure the Strategic, Economic, and Psychological end of the Confederacy. Grant urged Sherman no to go after territory, but to pursue the Confederate Forces and Destroy them. Sherman conducted brilliant maneuvers around the Confederate Forces a he approached Atlanta, while protecting his own lines of supply & communication. The Fall of Atlanta not only helped President Lincoln win re-election, but made Sherman a Union Hero.