Cambodia Labor Market Information System and Public Employment Service

Cambodia Labor Market Information System and Public Employment Service Hong Choeun National Employment Agency, Cambodia for Training on Labor Market Information 11-15, July 2016 Jeju Island, Republic of Korea

Cambodia: Sectoral and per capita GDP Growth, 1993-2018p 1993-2012 1993-1998 1998-2008 2008-2009 2009-2012 2012-2018 Agriculture 4.5% 5.0% 4.5% 5.6% 4.2% 3.3% Industry 12.7% 12.1% 14.4% -2.7% 7.0% 9.3% Service 7.8% 5.2% 9.9% 5.7% 4.7% 7.5% Total 7.7% 6.3% 9.1% 3.4% 5.1% 7.1% GDP(per capita) 8.2% 2.5% 9.8% 7.4% 6.5% 7.9%

60% Cambodia Sectoral GDP Share, 1994-2018p 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Agriculture Industry Service 0% 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013e 2018p

Population, Labor Force, and Employment Cambodia Population by Age Group in 2016 and 2025 (% and in '000) Cambodia Working Age Population by Age Group in 2016 and 2025 (% and in '000) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 674 1 000 937 1 322 1 486 1 393 1 575 2 839 2 987 3 059 3 199 3 054 65+ 55-64 45-54 35-44 25-34 15-24 0-14 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 937 1 322 1 486 1 393 1 575 2 839 2 987 3 059 55-64 45-54 35-44 25-34 15-24 20% 10% 4 969 5 278 20% 10% 3 199 3 054 0% 2016 2025 0% 2016 2025

3,0 Ratio of Working Age Population (15-64) to Dependents: Cambodia vs ASEAN Countries 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 Cambodia Myanmar Thailand Viet Nam ASEAN 0,0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100

Sectoral Employment Growth, 1994-2015 Sector 1993-2012 1993-1999 1999-2008 2008-2009 2009-20122012-2015 Agriculture 1.71% 3.87% 0.05% 8.11% 0.38% 8.20% Industry 10.70% 10.19% 12.82% 3.80% 7.79% 16.06% Services 5.04% -0.43% 8.58% -3.26% 8.76% 14.26% Total 3.46% 3.33% 3.32% 4.20% 3.90% 11.51%

Sectoral Employment (% & 000), 2004-2013 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 5.000 4.500 4.000 3.500 3.000 2.500 2.000 1.500 1.000 500 Services (Tertiary) Industry (Secondary) Agriculture (Primary) Agriculture ('000) Industry ('000) Service ('000) 0% 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0

Employment growth by skill level (%), 2004-2013 2004-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2004-2013 2004-2013* Highly skilled 4.5 8.4-36.7 7.4-12.4 17.4 15.8 0.6 6.8 Skilled (non-manual) Skilled (manual) 4.3-13.9 41.4 17.6-3.2 2.3 8.8 8.2 2.6 20.8 2.8-16.9 10.7 1.2 10.7 16.0 6.5 10.4 Elementary 11.6 40.7 9.2 2.8 9.8-5.2-7.4 8.8 8.7 Farmers -0.9-6.7 2.3-5.5 4.9-9.4-1.7-2.4-3.2 Total 3.9-0.1 2.0 2.6 2.8-2.4 3.3 1.7 1.7

Role of National Employment Agency (NEA) Mandated to provide employment services and labor market information to job seekers, employers, employee, education/training providers, and the public (Sub-degree No. 67, 2009) Mandated as the Designated Statistical Unit (Sub-degree No. 117, 2010) playing central role in: Establishing and developing LMIS Compiling, synthesizing, collecting and analyzing data and information to be publicly disseminated as a easily accessible one-stop source of LMI

NEA produces LMI from : by-product of its functions (administrative records of registered jobseekers, and collected vacancies & training info) primary source (surveys) secondary source

Data Category Data Element Data Source Admin. Records Primary Secondary Economic and trade Data Population, Labor Force, Employment, Unemployme nt, ect. -GDP (growth, sector) -Inflation (CPI, GDP deflator) Demographics, pop projection, employment (sector, occupation, age, gender, education, status, geographical); unemployment (age, education, geographical) -NIS: National Accounts- past &current -MEF: forecast -NIS: Pop. Census, Establishment Census, Agriculture Census, ICPS, LFS, CSES, ESS -UN: World Population Prospect -Wittgenstein Centre Data: Education Attainment Projection 13

Data Category Data Element Data Source Demand -Vacancies: real-time (sector, occupation, education, geographical) Admin. Records Primary Secondary NEA: advertised vacancies - Future demand estimation & forecast and (sector, occupation) NEA estimation from records of CDC, MoC, MLVT: -approved investment projects -new company registration -request for employing workers -NEA short term forecast (6-12 months) from Employer Survey data -NEA mediumterm forecast (3-5 years) from CSES and macro forecast Supply Job seekers: real-time (sector, occupation, education, education) NEA: registered jobseekers

Data Category Data Element Data Source Supply (con t) -Supply estimation and projection (stock, flow) Admin. Records Primary Secondary -education enrollment (EMIS), TVET enrollment (TVETMIS) -Pop, labor force, & educational attainment projection (stock, flow): NIS (Pop Census), UN (pop prospect), Wittgenstein Centre Data (Education Attainment Projection) Education and Training Information Education and training institutions, programs, courses, and financial assistance -NEA: advertised courses and programs -MLVT, MoEYS & others: registered courses and program Education and training survey

How do we use our LMI? Real-time data on vacancies and registered job seekers- for assisting jobseekers in job search, matching and placement and employment counseling (quick access to LMI) Vacancies and Jobseekers (real-time), 2010-2016 (May) Total Prof. Cert./License Ph.D. Master Bachelor Associate Technician Diploma TVET Certificate III TVET Certificate II TVET Certificate I TVET Short Term Training HS Diploma H. Secondary L. Secondary Primary Never/No Class Completed 22 33 454 263.696 738 633 938 48.961 3.357 542 438 23.692 12.760 11.158 3.861 156.109 28 38 318 32.824 54 16 247 17.456 1.287 190 74 4.638 1.816 1.487 782 4.393 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Vacancies Jobseekers

For employment counseling: assisting jobseekers in acquiring job search skills and soft skills) For career and vocational counseling- assisting jobseekers to: select an appropriate occupation (self-assessment based on interests, personality, value & skills; and planning future career using LMI) identify skill gap & determine the most appropriate means of closing this gap

e.g. Results from employer survey on skill shortage and gap, and future forecast of employment demand (6-12 mons) Forecast of employment change by sector (Dec 2014 as base), % Total Rubber and plastics Logistics, warehousing, ITC Health Garment, footwear, Food and beverage Finance and insurance Education Construction Accommodation 5,2 4,4 5,5 7,1 6,7 6,7 7,0 10,2 11,9 12,7 12,8 0 5 10 15 Skills shortages among jobseekers reported by employers Technical or practical Foreign language skills Basic computer Customer handling Problem solving skills Advanced IT or Oral communication Team working skills Planning and Written Office admin skills Numeracy skills Strategic 5,6% 4,9% 4,9% 3,5% 9,1% 7,0% 15,4% 14,0% 12,6% 19,6% 17,5% 31,5% 39,2% 0% 20% 40% 60%

For informing planning and policy making: education, training, HR and labor market employment service and labor market programs e.g. Sectoral Employment Growth Forecast Sector 1993-2012 1993-1999 1999-2008 2008-2009 2009-2012 2012-2015 Agriculture 1.7% 3.9% 0.1% 8.1% 0.4% 8.2% Industry 10.7% 10.2% 12.8% 3.8% 7.8% 16.1% Service 5.0% -0.4% 8.6% -3.3% 8.8% 14.3% Total 3.5% 3.3% 3.3% 4.2% 3.9% 11.5% Source Hyeok-Jeong (2013), Skills Need Assessment of Cambodia Labor Market in Policy Agenda for Cambodia in Developing Industrial Skills, Industrial Complex, and Agro-processing Industry, Korean Development Institute, 2013

Forecast of employment change by skill Skill 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 Average Managers 2,733 5,403 9,618 5,918 Professionals 368 35,435 65,028 33,610 Technicians 7,159 20,443 29,790 19,131 Clerks 59,394 93,506 141,589 98,163 Sales 144,145 248,415 342,095 244,885 Agricultural Skill - 33,069-79,276 2,269-36,692 Craftsmen 147,962 166,274 209,058 174,431 Mechanics 2,231 48,338 12,530 21,033 Unskilled 463,414 530,629 699,662 564,568 Army - 1,351 845 3,258 917 Source Hyeok-Jeong (2013), Skills Need Assessment of Cambodia Labor Market in Policy Agenda for Cambodia in Developing Industrial Skills, Industrial Complex, and Agro-processing Industry, Korean Development Institute, 2013

Our way forward Cambodia LMI is still under-developed: not well-integrated system lack of comprehensive data collection and sources no systematic model for future anticipation and forecast of demand and supply lack of analytical capability Development of LMI is one of the focus of national development strategies, National Employment Policy (2015-2025), TVET Strategic Development Plan and Policy in order to: Provide info on current and future demand and supply for supporting individual entry into employment and career decision making; and education providers and government education, training and labor market planning and design

reduce mismatch in labor market by better providing individual career guidance provide info on skill demand in occupations and industrial sectors which are fast-growing and in decline, and targeted for promotion by Cambodia Industrial Development Policy (2015-2025) NEA s plan is to: Expand our real-time database of advertised vacancies and jobseekers for faster matching Produce regularly labor market intelligence report from administrative records, and secondary and primary data Developing more integrated labor market forecasting model including capability in analysis More effective communication of the results for better informing career decision, education/training curriculum & policy design; and for improving career guidance tools and service delivery.

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