Guide to the The General Elliott Thorpe Collection

Page 1 of 8 Guide to the The General Elliott Thorpe Collection 1928-1999 15 Lippitt Road Kingston, RI 02881-2011 E-mail: archives@etal.uri.edu Website: http://www.uri.edu/library/special_collections/ Published in 2009 University of Rhode Island Library

Page 2 of 8 Collection overview Title: The General Elliott Thorpe Collection Date range: 1928-1999 Creator: Thorpe, Elliott R. (Elliott Raymond), 1897- Extent: 0.25 linear feet 1 box Abstract: Gen. Elliott Thorpe's U.S. Army career (1916-1949) encompassed two world wars, the reconstruction of Japan and a tour of duty in post-war Thailand. A native of Westerly, R.I. Gen. Thorpe attended Rhode Island State College, now the University of Rhode Island, and was instrumental in raising funds for the construction of a War Memorial Student Union on campus. Gen. Thorpe's war time memoir, East Wind, Rain, was published in 1969. This collection contains copies of clippings (1928-1969), a copy of a video tape of a BBC production on Pearl Harbor in which Gen. Thorpe was interviewed (1989), facsimiles of photographs of Thorpe and Gen. Douglas MacArthur (1945), a signed copy of East Wind, Rain, and a ceremonial sword surrendered to Thorpe upon the occasion of the Japanese surrender aboard the USS Missouri in 1945. Language of materials: Repository: English Collection number: Mss. Gr. 154 Scope & content This collection is arranged in one series, a Subject File. It contains materials drawn from items given to or collected by Dr. Richard Vangermeersch, Professor of Accounting, University of Rhode Island in his research conducted over the summer of 2001 on General Thorpe's career. Dr. Vangermeerch contacted the General's relatives and was able to

Page 3 of 8 obtain a copy of a video tape of a 1989 BBC production of Sacrifice at Pearl Harbour in which Thorpe is interviewed and a book entitled Netherlands Seen by the Tourist presented to Gen. Thorpe (ca. 1947) when he served as military attaché in the Netherlands. In addition, William Thorpe, General Thorpe's grandson, provided Special Collections with facsimiles of photographs featuring his late father with General MacAuthur. An exhibit presented in September 2001 by Special Collections at the University of Rhode Island Library on General Thorpe resulted from the materials gathered for this collection. In 2005 materials initially donated in the 1980s by Thorpe to the American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming were transferred by the Center to the University of Rhode Island and added to the Thorpe Collection. Arrangement The collection is arranged in one series: 1. Subject File Biographical note A native of Westerly, Rhode Island, General Elliott R. Thorpe's (1897-1989) military career encompassed two world wars, the reconstruction of Japan, and a tour of duty in postwar Thailand. He stood guard in the Hall of Mirrors in Versailles when the World War I treaty was signed on June 28, 1919. In 1945 he was on the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay when the Japanese surrendered to General Douglas MacArthur. He may have been one of the last living survivors of both ceremonies. While these were momentous and singular events, General Thorpe's unheeded warning about the Pearl Harbor attack of December 7, 1941 was arguably his most memorable moment. Serving as a military attaché in Dutchcontrolled Java (Netherlands Indies) in 1941 when the Dutch broke a Japanese diplomatic code, Thorpe was informed that intercepted messages referred to planned Japanese attacks on Hawaii, the Philippines and Thailand. He immediately cabled the information to Washington, but this warning was ignored. A week later the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. In 1943 then-col. Thorpe was knighted in the Order of Orange-Nassau by Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands for his work as American Liaison in the Netherlands Indies. In 1945, Thorpe was promoted to Brigadier General. Gen. Thorpe was honored in 1949 with the title of Knight Commander in the Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand for

Page 4 of 8 his work as military attaché of the American Embassy in Bankok. Brigadier General Thorpe retired in 1949 after serving 32 years in the US Army. Elliott Thorpe attended Rhode Island State College for one year as a mechanical engineering student before entering the U.S. Army in 1916. Even though he did not graduate from the College, he always considered himself an alumnus and was very supportive of efforts to build an adequate campus student activity center. The post-war campus burgeoned and extra space for the students was added for the campus by using numerous Quonset huts. One of these huts also served as the student activity center. He supported a fundraising effort for the construction of a War Memorial Student Union by donating his veteran's bonus check. He also served as guest speaker at a benefit dinner held on October 27, 1950 at the Sheraton-Biltmore Hotel in Providence. The War Memorial Student Union was built in 1950 largely through fund raising efforts spearheaded by Gen. Thorpe and other alumni. In 1946, the General presented the College with a Japanese temple gong which was meant to be displayed in the Union. The gong disappeared shortly after its receipt. While efforts were made to recover the gong, it was never found. Photographs and typescript translations of the gong's inscriptions are all that remain. (see Carl Woodward Papers, MSG# 1). Thorpe also donated a ceremonial sword surrendered to him by Maj. Gen. Yoshio Nasu of the Imperial Japanese Army on the occasion of the Japanese surrender aboard the USS Missouri. In 1969, Gen. Thorpe presented an autographed copy of his memoir East Wind Rain to the University. Both the sword and the book are presently kept in the Special Collections Reading Room. On June 11, 1951, General Elliott Thorpe received an honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters during the institution's first commencement as the University of Rhode Island. In 1952, Gen. Thorpe was the endorsed Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives. He abruptly withdrew because of an investigation by the U.S. Army's Counter Intelligence Corps questioning his loyalty. He indignantly felt that the investigation had been politically motivated. The investigation had been a misunderstanding resulting from a 1951 speech addressing the Rhode Island Turkey Growers and Poultry Growers Association in which he criticized the shortage of food growing areas in Japan and the corruption in the nationalistic Chinese regime of Chiang Kai-shek. He also called for "a greater respect for freedom of speech in America as long as it is not subversive." (Westerly Sun, August 21, 1952). After a public outcry, the Army quickly cleared the General and apologized for the unwarranted investigation.

Page 5 of 8 He and then-president Carl Woodward (1941-1951) were close friends (see Carl Woodward Papers, MSG# 1). They continued to maintain a close correspondence when Thorpe retired to Sarasota, Florida, in 1960. During his retirement, he served as commissioner with the Whitfield Volunteer Fire Department. Gen. Thorpe continued to be in demand as a speaker and was sought for interviews by historians and journalists for his first hand account of post war Japan. Shortly before his death, Thorpe was interviewed for the 1989 BBC production of Sacrifice at Pearl Harbour. Most recently, Gen. Thorpe was quoted in John W. Dower's 1999 Pulitzer Prize winning book Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. He died in 1989 and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Washington D.C. Access & use Access to the collection: Use of materials: Open for research. Terms governing use and reproduction: Photocopying and scanning of materials is a fee based service available in the repository and is allowed at the discretion of the Archivist when in compliance to the Unit's policy on copyright and publication. Preferred citation: The General Elliott Thorpe Collection, Mss. Gr. 154, Contact information: Administrative information About the collection 15 Lippitt Road Kingston, RI 02881-2011 E-mail: archives@etal.uri.edu Website: http://www.uri.edu/library/special_collections/ Aquisition: This collection contains materials drawn from items given to or collected by Dr. Richard Vangermeersch, Professor of Accounting, University of Rhode Island in his

Page 6 of 8 research conducted over the summer of 2001 on General Thorpe's career. In addition, William Thorpe, General Thorpe's grandson, provided Special Collections with facsimiles of photographs featuring his late father with General MacAuthur. In 2005 materials initially donated in the 1980s by Thorpe to the American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming were transferred by the Center to the University of Rhode Island and added to the Thorpe Collection. Accruals: No further materials are expected for this collection. About the finding aid Author: Finding aid prepared by Sarina R. Wyant, Leslie Tobias Olsen, and Robert D. Farwell. Encoding: Finding aid encoded by Hailie D. Posey 2009 July 14 Descriptive rules: Finding aid based on Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS) Search terms Names: Thorpe, Elliott R. (Elliott Raymond), 1897- Subjects: Thorpe, Elliott R. (Elliott Raymond), 1897- Generals -- United States World War, 1939-1945 -- East Asia Titles: East Wind, Rain

Page 7 of 8 Inventory Series 1, Subject File, 1928-1999 Box 1 Folder 1-13 This collection is arranged alphabetically in one Subject Series. Where appropriate, the items are arranged chronologically within the folders. This series contains materials drawn from items given to or collected by Dr. Richard Vangermeersch, Professor of Accounting, University of Rhode Island, in his research on Gen. Thorpe's career conducted over the summer of 2001. Dr. Vangermeerch contacted the General's relatives and was able to obtain a copy of a video-tape of a 1989 BBC production of Sacrifice at Pearl Harbour in which Thorpe is interviewed and a book entitled, Netherlands Seen by the Tourist, presented to Gen. Thorpe (ca. 1947) when he served as military attaché in the Netherlands. In addition, William Thorpe, General Thorpe's son, provided Special Collections with facsimiles of photographs featuring his late father with General MacAuthur. Also included in this series is a Japanese ceremonial sword presented in 1948 to Rhode Island State College by Gen. Thorpe and an autographed copy of his war time memoir, East Wind, Rain, presented in 1969. In 2005 materials initially donated in the 1980s by Thorpe to the American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming were transferred by the Center to the University of Rhode Island and added to the Thorpe Collection. The items in folders 9-13 come from this accession. These materials consist of The Life of a POW Under the Japanese in Caricature by Malcolm Vaughn Fortier, a photograph of and memoirs by N. B. Sauvé, a Colonel under Thorpe, photocopies of "surrender passes"- propaganda encouraging Allied soldiers to surrender to the Japanese, and a copy of the Instrument of Surrender by the Japanese, 1945. Container Description Date Box 1, Folder 1 Clippings, Copies 1928-1969 Box 1, Folder 2 East Wind, Rain (in Reading Room display case) 1969 Box 1, Folder 3 Embracing Defeat, Excerpts 1999 Box 1, Folder 4 MacArthur, Douglas, photos 1945 Box 1, Folder 5 Netherlands Seen by the Tourist (book) 1947?

Page 8 of 8 Box 1, Folder 6 Sacrifice at Pearl Harbour (videotape) 1989 Jun 6 Box 1, Folder 7 Sword (in Reading Room display case) 1945? Box 1, Folder 8 Veteran War Stories, Excerpts 1997 Box 1, Folder 9 Box 1, Folder 10 Box 1, Folder 11 Box 1, Folder 12 Box 1, Folder 13 Instrument of Surrender, large photocopy The Life of a POW Under the Japanese in Caricature by Malcolm Vaughn Fortier, published by C.W. Hill Printing Co, Spokane, WA Propaganda Cartoons, photocopies Sauvé, N. B., A Personal Account of G-2 USAFIA; USASOS; AFWESPAC [1942-1945] Sauvé, N. B., Col. USA (ret.) photograph 1945 Sep 1946 undated undated undated