French and Indian War The Seven Year War 1754-1763
French and Indian War part of the larger Seven Years War France and Britain were long time rivals Both struggling to build a great world empire Seven Years War is worldwide struggle for empire between Britain and France 1754-1763 The war is fought in: Europe, Africa, and India Also took place in North America
Pre War Map
Causes for the War in America Fur trading Both the French and the British traded fur with Indians French with the Huron and Algonquin tribes British with the Iroquois league tribes Ohio River Valley French had been there and claimed the land for France British and French fur traders and colonial settlers wanted to move in When British established a trading post the French drove them out
Ohio River
Causes continued French and English competition for power all over Europe, North America, parts of Asia and Africa. Huron and Algonquin and Miami tribes fought on the French side Iroquois tribes sometimes fought on the British side *British send many troops to the colonies from England.
Important People of the War George Washington: Appointed by the Governor of Virginia to negotiate with the French for the Ohio River Valley. Rank: lieutenant colonel Negotiations Fail and the French remain in the territory Washington and his small regiment along with their Native American Allies the Iroquois begin to travel back to Virginia. They meet up with a small band of French soldiers at the Great Meadows in 1754 and open fire.
Tanaghrisson Half-King Forged an alliance with the British Slaughtered Washington s French prisoners to start a war The first unarmed Frenchman killed was a noble officer, was murdered instantly via a tomahawk blow to the head. This killing of an unarmed prisoner of war was a war crime The war begins Seneca Chief sided with the British Member of the Iroquois League
General Edward Braddock Sent from England to lead the fight against France in America. George Washington was his aide. Fought with European tactics Lead a regiment made up of experienced British soldiers and nonexperienced Colonist soldiers. Killed in battle less than a year after arriving in the colonies.
Prewar Map
Albany Plan of Union Benjamin Franklin admired the Union of the six Iroquois Nations. Suggested the colonies band together for defense First plan to unite the colonies Colonies voted against it Didn t want to give up control Franklin created a political cartoon to make his case.
Washington sent to Take Fort Duquesne from the French Battle of Fort Necessity: Fort Built by George Washington French seize Fort from British British fight traditional style French fight Indian style Washington loses the fort French make him sign a surrender document admitting to war crimes Major Battles: Fort Duquesne and Fort Necessity
Battles Continued: Fort Duquesne British government sent General Edward Braddock to take Fort Duquesne. 1300 men (British regular soldiers and Virginia Militia) On July 9, 1755, Defeated by 900 French and Indians 1000 British dead or wounded Washington, I told you so! Braddock mortally wounded
Important People Montcalm: French General Defended the major French city of Quebec Didn t like depending on Indian allies pushed for traditional European tactics. Died in the Battle of Quebec
Important People: Brigadier General James Wolfe James Wolfe: General of the British Army Assigned to take Quebec from France. Wall climber Defeated French with a surprise attack on the fort Died on the Battle Field Became a hero in Britain
Battles Continued: Battle of Quebec Battle of Quebec turning point battle for the British(1759) Mixture of traditional and new fighting techniques Both Commanders Wolfe and Montcalm are mortally wounded The French surrender the city of Quebec
Important People Continued Jeffrey Amherst: Under his command British forces captured the cities of Louisburg, Quebec City and Montreal, as well as several major forts Leader of the British troops in final battle of the F&I War.
Major Battles: Battle of Montreal Montreal was the last French power center after Quebec fell. British armies surrounded the city Greatly outnumbered French forces are defeated Last battle of the War Governor Vaudreuil: Governor of the French Territory surrenders to the British
War ends with the Treaty of Paris England gets most of French lands from the Gulf of Mexico to all the way into Canada 1763
Post War Map
Results of War British land expands in North America First Time Colonists feel united Many British troops in the Colonies Trouble for Native Americans who supported the French Pontiac s Rebellion Small pox blankets from the British England spent a lot of money on the War Increase in Colonial Taxes British issue Proclamation of 1763 (Colonists are not supposed to settle west of the Appalachian Mts.) Many French people from Canada move to New Orleans