Traditional Motives: Primary Goal: Global Terrorism Gain Independence or Political Freedom Expel Foreigners or their influences Cause Change in Society Preserve Religious or Cultural Beliefs Destruction of what they consider to be an Evil Force Popular Methods: Traditional Targets: Acts of Extreme Violence High Jacking and Kidnapping Bombings & Explosive Devices (IED s) Locations with large gatherings of innocent civilians Crowded Places (Airports, Malls, Stadiums, etc.) Government Buildings (Embassies, Courts, etc.) Religious Sites (Church, Mosque, Synagogue, etc.) Recent Developments: Biological & Chemical terrorism Cyber-terrorism (Computers & Internet) Narco-terrorism (Prescription & Illegal Drugs)
Global Terrorism ORGANIZATIONS INFLUENCED BY ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICTS KEY ISSUE: HOMELAND FOR THE PALESTINIANS 1. ISLAMIC JIHAD 2. HAMAS 3. HEZBOLLAH ORGANIZATION FORMED TO OPPOSE OUTSIDE WESTERN INFLUENCES AL-QAEDA KEY LEADER: OSAMA BIN LADEN EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION INFLUENCED BY BRITISH CONTROL & RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCE IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY (IRA)
Global Terrorism RELIGIOUS CULT THAT WANTS TO GAIN CONTROL OF JAPAN AUM SHINRIKYO SUPREME TRUTH LEFT-WING GUERILLA GROUP THAT SUPPORTS NACRO-TERRORISM REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLUMBIA NON-TERRORIST POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS CONNECTED TO TERRORISM PLO TALIBAN
Munich (1972) Summer Olympics Black September Palestinian Liberation Front (PLF of the PLO) 11 Members of the Israeli Olympic team taken hostage Terrorists demand release of political prisoners in Israel Terrorists demand recognition of Palestine as free state Terrorists demand helicopters to transport hostages Gun battle ensues at Munich Airport 5 Terrorists and all 11 hostages are killed in firefight
Pan-American Flights (1970 s & 1980 s) Dec 17, 1973: Pan-Am Flight 110 is attacked by Palestinian Terrorists in Rome (PLO) Terrorists fired automatic weapons & threw hand grenades while approaching the plane 29 Passengers died (All 11 in First Class, 4 Moroccan Delegates, and the Captain s Wife) Dec 21, 1988: Pan-Am Flight 103 is blown up over Lockerbie, Scotland 243 Passengers & 16 Crewmembers died in crash 11 People on the ground killed by falling debris Muammar Gaddafi of Lybia given credit for attack Aug 11, 1982: Pan-Am Flight 830 is Bombed over the Pacific Bomb placed under seat cushion kills 16 year old teenager Plane landed safely in Hawaii (15 people seriously injured) Bomber belonged to militant 15 May Organization (PLO)
Marine Corps Barracks Bombings in Beirut (23 Oct 1983) French Military Barracks (French 1 st Parachute Regiment) Both attacked within two minutes of each other Suicide bombers were members of the Islamic Jihad Both attacks used vans filled with 12,000 pounds of TNT 241 American Service members died (220 Marines, 18 Navy) Largest single day loss of U.S. military personnel since WWII 58 French Paratroopers died Resulted in withdrawal of UN Peacekeepers in Lebanon
Subway Gas Attack in Tokyo (29 Mar 1995) Sarin Gas Attack in Subway on March 20, 1995 Japan s Supreme Truth Cult Determined to eliminate western (U.S.) influences in Japan (restore traditional values) Sarin Gas (developed by the Nazis) is odorless, colorless, and tasteless It Causes heart & respiratory failure, seizures, paralysis, and coma Subway ventilation system helped reduce casualties 12 died and about 3,000 were injured 135 Medical Personnel were hospitalized due to a lack of protective equipment
Federal Building Bombing in Oklahoma City (19 Apr 1995) Timothy McVeigh (Ex-Army) Anti-Government Militia Filled rental truck with 5,000 lbs of uranium nitrate (like C4) Parked truck in front of building Explosion killed 168 and wounded over 800 Debris was found throughout city Rescue efforts involved volunteers from ever state in the U.S. Child found alive in rubble after three days
Khobar Towers Bombing in Saudi Arabia (25 Jun 1996) U.S. Air Force Barracks Sewage Truck packed with 20,000 lbs of explosives Saudi Hezbollah Party of God in the Hijaz Force foreign (U.S.) influences out of Arabia 19 U.S. Service members killed & 1 Saudi 372 people injured (multiple nationalities) U.S. Coalition forces were moved to Prince Sultan Air Base where better security was available
U.S. Embassy Bombings in East Africa (7 Aug 1998) Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya Coordinated attacks using explosive packed trucks Suicide bombers detonated explosives around 10:30 am First attacks attributed to Osama bin Laden & Al Qaida 223 killed & 4,000 wounded in the combined attacks
U.S.S. Cole Bombing in the Port of Yemen (12 Oct 2000) Anchored in the port of Yemen at 10:30 am Small boat was allowed to approach ship at 11:18 am Bomb containing about 700 lbs of explosives 40 x 40 foot gash created in the side of the ship Blast hit ship s galley during lunchtime 17 sailors were killed and 39 were seriously injured Osama bin Laden (Al Qaida)
World Trade Center Bombing in New York (26 Feb 1993) Car containing 1,500 pounds of uraniumnitrate was parked in underground garage Explosion rocked both towers, cut off emergency power, and sent smoke up elevator shafts & stairwells to 92 nd floor 6 people killed & 1,042 injured Osama bin Laden & Al Qaida Demanded the end of U.S. aid & diplomatic relations with Israel
High-jackings & Attacks (11 Sep 2001) Four terrorist cells high-jacked four airliners American Airlines flight 11 (8:46 in North Tower) United Airlines flight 175 (9:03 in South Tower) American Airlines flight 77 (9:37 in the Pentagon) United Airlines flight 93 (Crashed in Pennsylvaina) 19 terrorists and 246 passengers died in the attacks 2,606 died in the area of the Twin Towers 184 died in the Pentagon 403 Rescue workers died Osama & Al Qaida