W A K E C O U N T Y H U M A N S E R V I C E S P U B L I C H E A L T H R E P O R T

P u b l i c H e a l t h Prevent Promote Protect W A K E C O U N T Y H U M A N S E R V I C E S P U B L I C H E A L T H R E P O R T F O U R T H Q U A R T E R F Y 1 1 A P R I L J U N E 2 0 1 1 F I R S T Q U A R T E R F Y 1 2 J U L Y S E P T E M B E R, 2 0 1 1 Wake County Human Services Public Health Division 10 Sunnybrook Road P.O. Box 14049 Raleigh, NC 27620-4049 www.wakegov.com November 17, 2011 Editor: Edie Alfano Sobsey, Public Health Epidemiologist Design and Layout: Michelle Ricci, Public Health Educator

Table of Contents Introduction 3 Physical Activity and Nutrition Physical Activity in North Carolina and Wake County 4 Physical Activity by Gender in Wake County 4 Physical Activity by Race in Wake County 4 Fruit and Vegetable Intake North Carolina and Wake County 5 Overweight and Obesity in Wake County and North Carolina 5 Active Women s Infants and Children (WIC) Participation 6 Percentage of WIC Participants Initiating Breastfeeding in North Carolina and Wake County 7 Percentage of WIC Participants Infants Breastfeeding at Six Weeks 7 Percentage of WIC Participants Infants Breastfeeding at Six Months 7 Maternal and Infant Health School Health Infant Mortality Rates in North Carolina and Wake County 8 School Based Public Health Nurse and Dental Services in Wake County Public Schools 9 School Based Public Health Nursing Services for Children with Chronic Disease and Invasive Procedures in Wake County Public Schools School Based Health Nursing and Dental Hygienist Health Education Programs and Program Participants Survey Results: What Should School Health Services Improve On? 10 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Wake County Sexually Transmitted Disease Cases 11 Wake County Gonorrhea Cases by Age, Race and Ethnicity 11 Wake County Chlamydia Cases by Age, Race and Ethnicity 12 Wake County and North Carolina HIV/Syphilis Comorbidity 12 Infectious Disease and Foodborne Illness Tuberculosis Cases in Wake County and North Carolina 13 Reportable Disease Investigations 14 Total Students Assessed for Tdap Compliance 14 Total Number of Students Given Tdap in WCHS Clinics 15 Chronic Diseases 2005 2009 Wake County Age Adjusted Death Rates 15 Injury and Violence 2005 2009 Wake County Age Adjusted Death Rates (per 100,000 population) for Injuries by Race and Sex Emergency Preparedness April 16, 2011 Tornado: 911 Calls 17 WCHS Disaster Preparedness Program Monitoring 17 Healthy North Carolina 2020 Objectives 18 9 10 16 2

Introduction This report provides data on a quarterly basis to inform residents, providers, policymakers and community partners about the health and safety of Wake County residents. It helps fulfill Public Health Essential Services: Number 1: Monitor health status to identify community health problems and Number 3: Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues. The report is organized to align with selected Healthy North Carolina 2020 Focus Areas and Objectives (see http://publichealth.nc.gov/hnc2020/docs/hnc2020-final-march-revised.pdf).the information presented monitors the current state of health indicators in Wake County and presents some of the strategies used by Wake County Public Health programs and services to improve health outcomes. The content of this report may change to include data for analysis of health indicators identified in the Wake County Community Health Assessment, through the Human Services and Environmental Services Board or elsewhere as needed. For additional information not included in this report, point of contact information is provided for each area. We wish to thank all staff who contributed to this report and for their daily efforts toward improving the health and safety of the citizens of Wake County. Sue Lynn Ledford, Public Health Division Director Edie Alfano-Sobsey, Public Health Epidemiologist 3

P h y s i c a l A c t i v i t y a n d N u t r i t i o n *Health experts recommend that Americans get either moderate physical activity for 30 or more minutes a day, five or more days a week or vigorous physical activity for 20 or more minutes per day, three or more days a week. Only 47% of Wake County respondents met the physical activity recommendation. Wake County respondents reported getting the recommended amount of physical activity only slightly more than respondents across the state. Many adults in North Carolina and Wake County need to get more exercise. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Physical Activity by Gender in Wake County % Wake BRFSS Respondents Meeting Physical Activity Recommendations* 52.2 46.1 45.9 45.2 47.2 39.1 44.9 45.9 40.1 38.5 42.4 38.6 Wake Male Wake Female 2001 2002 2003 2005 2007 2009 Source: NC Center for Health Statistics In Wake County, female and minority BRFSS respondents report meeting physical activity recommendations less than men and whites. Minority populations and females also fall short of the 47% of all Wake County respondents who reported meeting the recommendation. Getting enough exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and reduces the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, stroke and some cancers. The Health Promotion Chronic Disease Prevention Section (HPCDP) works with community based organizations, including faith partners to promote good health and prevent chronic disease. During Fiscal Year 2011 (FY 11), staff helped 19 faith and community organizations adopt nutrition and physical activity policies which can positively affect the health of their 10,648 members. During FY 11, staff involved 1,943 individuals (including church members, factory workers, senior adults, child care providers, Latino groups, pre-teens and teens, those with diabetes and others) in interactive wellness activities. Evaluations showed that 86% of participants who filled out evaluations planned to eat healthier; 75% planned to get more exercise. 4

P h y s i c a l A c t i v i t y a n d N u t r i t i o n 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Fruit & Vegetable Intake - NC & Wake County % BRFSS Respondents Consuming Fruit and Vegetables 5 or More Times Per Day 25.2 24.1 25.2 23.6 23.2 20.7 22.5 21.5 NC Wake 21.8 21.6 25.9 2001 2002 2003 2005 2007 2009 Source: NC State Center for Health Statistics 20.6 Only 25% of Wake County respondents met the recommendation to eat five or more servings of fruits and vegetables each day. More county than state respondents said that they ate five or more servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Adults should increase their efforts to eat fruits and vegetables each day. A diet packed with lots of colorful fruits and vegetables leads to healthier weight. A measure of body mass index (BMI) is often used to identify possible weight problems. Adults with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 are considered overweight and adults with a BMI of 30 or above are considered obese. In North Carolina, 65.4% of adult respondents are overweight or obese, compared to 61.1% of Wake County respondents. North Carolina ranks 14 in the nation for obesity.* Since being overweight contributes to high blood pressure, the Health Promotion Chronic Disease Prevention (HPCDP) Section provides cardiovascular screenings (blood pressure and cholesterol checks, BMI and nutrition counseling) to community based organizations and tries to identify those at highest risk for high blood pressure and stroke. During FY 11, staff detected (through screenings) 43 individuals with Stage 2 hypertension (potential for stroke) at a potential medical cost savings of $4,300,000 ($100K for every stroke event prevented multiplied by 43). *Trust for America s Health and The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Report. Contact: Sonya Reid, Health Promotion Chronic Disease Prevention Section 919-250-4553 sreid@wakegov.com 5

Jan-09 Feb-09 Mar-09 Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10 May-10 Jun-10 Jul-10 Aug-10 Sep-10 Oct-10 Nov-10 Dec-10 Jan-11 Feb-11 Mar-11 Apr-11 May-11 Jun-11 P h y s i c a l A c t i v i t y a n d N u t r i t i o n WIC Program The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) provides nutritional assessment and support services, referrals to healthcare, and food vouchers for pregnant women, mothers of infants, and children under five years of age who have a nutrition-related health problem and income at or below 185% of poverty. WIC is a federally-funded program administered by NC Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Additional County funds (5% of total budget) support WIC services in Wake County. WIC Active Participation The number of women, infants, and children participating as Active WIC Participation is determined every month by the number of WIC food vouchers redeemed from a Local WIC Agency by the NC DHHS, Nutrition Services Branch (NSB). State WIC funding is based on the Assigned Caseload (average of monthly Active WIC Participation numbers multiplied by the cost per participant (currently $15.00). As of October 2009, the current Wake County assigned caseload is 18,735. C a s e l o a d 19,400 19,200 19,000 18,800 18,600 18,400 18,200 18,000 17,800 17,600 17,400 Active WIC Participation, 2009-June, 2011 Source: DHHS Nutrition Services Branch The temporary fall in WIC participation during August to December 2009 is attributed to high staff vacancy rates causing a decreased ability to serve current and new participants during that time. The creation of six new direct client services positions and staff hiring for eighteen vacant positions resulted in improved client to staff ratios with program growth since January 2010. The caseloads continued to decline through April 2011 (also observed in the North Carolina WIC Program statewide) but participation in Wake County has shown a rebound as of May and June 2011 (most recent data available). 6

P h y s i c a l A c t i v i t y a n d N u t r i t i o n Breastfeeding The benefits of breastfeeding are well established and according to the CDC include a reduced risk for pediatric overweight. Breastfeeding promotion and support is an integral part of the WIC Program. WIC strives to increase the initiation, duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding among women enrolled in the Program. Shown below are breastfeeding initiation and duration rates among WIC-participating women and infants for fiscal years 2007 and 2009 (the most recent data available) and as compared with statewide rates. Percentage of Women who Initiated Breastfeeding 80.0% 68.9% 67.8% 69.8% 60.0% 54.6% 55.0% 54.6% Source: DHHS Nutrition Services Branch 40.0% Wake County WIC NC WIC 20.0% 0.0% FY 2009 FY 2008 FY 2007 Percentage of Infants Breastfeeding at 6 Weeks of Age 60.0% 54.4% 55.7% 56.7% 50.0% Source: DHHS Nutrition Services Branch 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 32.6% 32.7% 31.9% Wake County WIC NC WIC 10.0% 0.0% FY 2009 FY 2008 FY 2007 Percentage of Infants Breastfeeding at 6 Months of Age 35.0% 32.1% 32.8% 34.1% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 17.1% 17.3% 16.8% Wake County WIC 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% NC WIC Source: DHHS Nutrition Services Branch 0.0% FY 2009 FY 2008 FY 2007 Contact: Sharon Dawkins, Women, Infants and Children Section 919-212-4728 Sharon.Dawkins@wakegov.com 7

Maternal and Infant Health Infant Mortality Rates North Carolina and Wake County 2009 and 2010 Infant mortality rates (per 1000 live births) North Carolina Wake County 2009 2010 2009 2010 White Non-Hispanic 5.5 5.3 4.4 4.4 African American Non-Hispanic 15.8 12.7 19.3 9.5 Other Non-Hispanic 4.7 5.2 0 2.9 Hispanic Total rate 5.7 5.0 6.2 4.8 7.9 7.0 7.6 5.5 Source: NC DHHS State Center for Health Statistics Overall, infant mortality rates have decreased in both Wake County and statewide from 2009 to 2010. Among African Americans infants, the mortality rate remains highest compared to the other groups. However, these rates have sharply declined sharply (51%) from 19.3 in 2009 to 9.5 in 2010. Wake County programs and activities that focus on improving healthy birth outcomes and improved child health include Care Coordination for Children, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), Nurse Family Partnership Initiative, Pregnancy Medical Home Initiative, Pregnancy Care Management, and Child Health, Prenatal, and Women's Health Clinic services. Contact: Edie Alfano-Sobsey, Epidemiologist Public Health Division 919-212-9674 Edie.AlfanoSobsey@wakegov.com School Health The Wake County Human Services School Health Program promotes the health, safety and educational success of students in the Wake County Public School System (WCPSS) by collaborating with families, physicians, hospitals and community agencies using evidence-based practice and professional standards of care. This includes responding to referrals of health concerns interfering with academic success, helping families access resources and instructing non medical school staff to perform medical procedures and administer medications. In addition, the program promotes the public health and safety of Wake County residents through the prevention, investigation and control of communicable diseases and emergency preparedness in the school system. 8

Number of Nursing Support Services Number Of Services School Health 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 11295 13291 School Based Public Health Nurse and Dental Services in Wake County Public Schools 7155 5958 2955 2045 2400 1662 Assessment Counseling Referred Secured Care Type of Service 1st Quarter 2010-2011 School Year 1st Quarter 2011-2012 School Year Examples of identified health concerns for assessment, counseling, referred and secured care include : Abuse/ Neglect, Asset Building, Behavior, Blood Pressure, Communicable Disease, Dental, Developmental, Directed Physical Assessment, Emotional, Family Planning, Family/Soci al Issues, Hearing, Hygiene/Healthy Habits, Immunization, Kindergarten Health Assessment Review, Lice, Scabies, Nutrition, Orthopedic, Pregnancy, Scoliosis, Sexually Transmitted Disease, Student Health History, Substance Abuse, Vision. Source: AS-400 School Activity Reports, Excel School Reports Month and Year to Date and Access Database Dental 2010 -and 2011 Quarterly Reports This figure shows the type of services provided in the first quarter of school year 2010-2011 compared to the same quarter in school year 2011-2012. There is an 18% increase in the number of assessments and a corresponding decrease in counseling (17%), referral (31%) and secured care (31%) when comparing the first quarter of the 2011 2012 school year to the previous year. These results are expected since nurses now develop, and provide individual care plans for all students with asthma. They also assure school staff are trained about the plans. In previous years, teachers were trained in groups and care plans were more general. School Based Public Health Nursing Services For Children With Chronic Disease and Invasive Procedures in Wake County Public Schools July through September 8000 6000 6302 5578 5727 7290 1st Quarter 2010-2011 School Year 4000 1st Quarter 2011-2012 School Year 2000 0 Unduplicated Number of Students Referred to Nurse Nursing Health Support Service The purpose of the service is to keep a child with special health problems in school and train school staff to carry out the necessary care. Examples include: development of emergency action plans; health care plans for chronic illness; training and supervision of school staff to perform invasive procedures such as injections, gastrostomy feedings, and blood sugar testing; instructing individual school personnel to administer medications Source: AS-400 School Activity Reports, Excel School Reports Month and Year to Date and Access Database Dental 2010- and 2011 Quarterly Reports Wookbook. Nurses saw more students (13%) in the first quarter of the 2011 2012 School Year as compared to the same time last year. The number of services provided for a student with a chronic disease and/or invasive procedure increased by 27%. There could be several factors to consider for this change: increased nursing assessment leading to more supportive health care services for students with chronic health conditions the increasing complexity with students with diabetes or complex medical issues. 9

Number Participants School Health There was a reduction in the number of health education programs and program participants in school year 2010-2011 compared with school year 2011-2012. As the demand and need for nursing services increased, other services become less of a priority. School nurses provide more one-onone training of teachers regarding chronic disease and fewer large group staff presentations. A web based training module is provided on the WCPSS internet site for teachers to review general information related to some chronic illnesses. School Based Public Health Nursing & Dental Hygienist Health Education Programs and Program Participants (Staff, Students and Parents) July through September 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 19303 16834 Health Education Participants Health Education Programs Source: AS-400 School Activity Reports, Excel School Reports Month and Year to Date and Access Database Dental 2010- and 2011 Quarterly Reports Wookbook. 987 839 1st Quarter 2010-2011 School Year 1st Quarter 2011-2012 School Year Health Education Programs for school staff, students and parents include topics such as: HIV/AIDS and Bloodborne Illnesses, Case Finding, Chronic Disease/Medication, Chronic Illness, Communicable Disease, Dental Education/Oral Hygiene, Dental Oral Screening, Family Life What Should School Health Improve On? Responses from 41 of 77 Surveys Returned by Principals from 163 Schools for the 2010-2011 School Year 12% (5) 5% (2) Increase Nursing Time 7% (3) 8% (3) 68% (28) Communication School Assignments No Suggestions, Satisfied NA Source: Principal Survey 2010-2011 WCHS School Based Nursing Service, In a survey given to school principals, over half indicated increase nursing time in response to the question What should school health services improve on? Other categories of responses included: no suggestions/ satisfied, school assignments and communication. On school assignments, principals commented that nurses working only 20 hours per week in multiple schools were not able to complete work assignments. It was suggested that nurses keep the same school assignment from year to year. Communication suggestions included improving the on-line resource manual for school staff and for nurses to meet with families and school staff to communicate clear expectations. Contact: Roxanne Deter, Public Health Division 919-250-4637 rdeter@wakegov.com 10

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Chlamydia and gonorrhea are the most commonly reported sexually transmitted diseases in Wake County. The chlamydia case rate per 100,000 population has increased 21% from 2009 to 2010 (WCHS GC and CH master files for 2009 and 2010). Eighty one percent of all cases of gonorrhea and 64% of all cases of chlamydia occur among African Americans. Most cases of chlamydia (85%) and gonorrhea (78%) occur among young adults ages 15-29. 11

Sexually Transmitted Diseases From 2006 to 2010, Wake County HIV/Syphilis comorbidity rates (preliminary data) have remained high (over 50% of all syphilis cases are also infected with HIV) and are higher than NC statewide rates. 12

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Wake County Human Services (WCHS) strategies to improve the health of populations infected with STDs include: Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT). Partners of those who are diagnosed with chlamydia or gonorrhea are offered treatment without having to be seen first by a health care provider. This helps treat these diseases faster. Integrated Program Services. Clients can get HIV, syphilis, hepatitis C and TB testing at the same time when visiting community and clinic testing sites. Integration of these program services is possible through the Program Collaboration and Service Integration (PCSI) grant funding. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT). Disease Intervention Specialists and the Disease Intervention Nurse will watch people take their treatment medication for chlamydia and gonorrhea. This ensures rapid and complete treatment. Staff Cross-Training. Through DOT protocols, staff from the Communicable Disease and TB programs work together to investigate, treat and provide prevention education to reduce the spread of these sexually transmitted diseases. Social Networks. WCHS HIV/STD Program uses social networks to target people in Wake County at highest risk for HIV/AIDS (African American and Latino men who have sex with men) for HIV counseling, testing, and referral for services. Contact: Yvonne Torres, HIV/STD Community Section 919-250-4479 ytorres@ wakegov.com or Edie Alfano-Sobsey, Epidemiologist Public Health Division 919-212-9674 Edie.AlfanoSobsey@wakegov.com I n f e c t i o u s D i s e a s e s a n d F o o d b o r n e I l l n e s s There has been a general decrease in the rate of TB in Wake County, and North Carolina. In 2010 there was an increase in the incidence across the state and in Wake County. 13

Number of Investigations I n f e c t i o u s D i s e a s e s a n d F o o d b o r n e I l l n e s s Reportable Communicable Disease Investigations October 2010-September 2011 120 115 111 100 80 60 40 46 46 31 29 41 63 68 53 51 Oct-Dec 2010 Jan-Mar 2011 Apr-Jun 2011 Jul-Sept 2011 20 0 Foodborne Illness* 7 TickBorne Illness** Hepatitis B*** Source: NC Electronic Disease Surveillance System *Foodborne Illness includes diseases caused by Campylobacter species, E. coli 0157:H7, Hepatitis A virus and Salmonella and Shigella species **Tickborne Illness includes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Lyme Disease and Ehrlichiosis ***Hepatitis B includes new infections, long term infections and those acquired through pregnancy/birth Wake County Human Services Tdap (Tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis vaccine) Compliance Project Effective January 1, 2008 the State of North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services enacted administrative rule, 10A NCAC 41A.0401 which requires all public school students beginning 6th grade on or after August 1, 2008 to receive one booster dose of Tdap vaccine if five or more years have passed since the last dose of a tetanus/diphtheria toxoid. TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS ASSESSED Total Number of Middle School Students Assessed 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 6,942 10,733 11,061 11,243 2008 2009 2010 2011 SCHOOL YEAR This figure represents the total number of students assessed for Tdap compliance. In 2008, the total number includes traditional middle schools only. Beginning in 2009, all total numbers include traditional, year round, and modified calendar middle schools. All students are 100% compliant within 30 days of the start of the school year. Source: North Carolina Immunization Registry (NCIR) and Wake County Public School System Administration 14

I n f e c t i o u s D i s e a s e s a n d F o o d b o r n e I l l n e s s Total Number of Students Given Tdap at WCHS Clinics 1000 900 800 700 TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS GIVEN TDAP 600 AT WCHS CLINICS 500 925 889 As Tdap vaccinations given by community providers increases, the number of students receiving Tdap immunizations at WCHS clinics decreases. 400 300 200 271 226 100 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 SCHOOL YEAR Source: North Carolina Immunization Registry (NCIR) and Wake County Public School System Administration Contact: Ruth Lassiter, Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, 919-212-7344 ruth.lassiter@wakegov.com Tdap Project: Michelle Nicely, Immunization Outreach Section 919-250-1164 michelle.nicely@wakegov.com C h r o n i c D i s e a s e s 2005 2009 Wake County Age Adjusted Death Rates (per 100,000 population) by Race Whites African- Americans Other Overall Cause Deaths Rate Deaths Rate Deaths Rate Deaths Rate All 14,843 643.8 4,539 855.1 294 321.5 19,676 672.7 Heart Diseases 3,193 143.2 903 184.3 54 66.0 4,150 148.5 Cerebrovascular Disease Colon, Rectum and Anus 967 45.0 319 64.3 24 30.8 1,310 48.1 291 12.1 99 19.1 6 N/A* 396 13 Cancer 3,737 157.3 1,030 194.2 86 93.0 4,853 161.7 Diabetes mellitus 358 15.6 212 44.1 12 N/A* 582 20.2 In Wake County, African Americans suffer from higher death rates for all causes of chronic diseases listed in the above table compared to whites and other races. *Rates based on fewer than 20 cases (indicated by N/A ) are not reliable and have not been counted. Source: 2011 County Health Data Book, NC Department of Health and Human Services, State Center for Health Statistics Contact: Edie Alfano-Sobsey, Epidemiologist Public Health Division 919-212-9674 Edie.AlfanoSobsey@wakegov.com 15

2005 2009 Wake County Age Adjusted Death Rates (per 100,000 population) for Injuries by Race and Sex Whites African Americans Other Male Female Overall Cause Deaths Rate Deaths Rate Deaths Rate Deaths Rate Deaths Rate Deaths Rate Unintentional Motor Vehicle Injuries All Other Unintentional Injuries (includes Falls and Poisonings) Unintentional Falls Unintentional Poisonings I n j u r y a n d Vi o l e n c e 310 10.5 96 10.9 N/A* 415 308 15.3 107 5.4 415 10.2 535 20.9 119 17.8 10 N/A* 392 26.8 272 14.8 664 20.2 N/A* 8.2 N/A* Suicide 297 9.8 38 4.3 13 N/A* 253 13.0 95 4.5 348 8.6 Homicides 63 2.0 85 9.0 3 N/A* 110 5.1 41 1.9 151 3.5 *Rates based on fewer than 20 cases (indicated by N/A ) are not reliable and have not been counted. Source: 2011 County Health Data Book, NC Department of Health and Human Services, State Center for Health Statistics The suicide rate is higher (9.8) among Whites compared to African-Americans (4.3) whereas the homicide rate is higher among African-Americans (9.0) compared to Whites (2.0). Males have a higher death rate in all injury categories compared to females. Contact: Edie Alfano-Sobsey, Epidemiologist Public Health Division 919-212-9674 Edie.AlfanoSobsey@wakegov.com 5.3 E m e r g e n c y P r e p a r e d n e s s On April 16, a tornado touched down eight times in Wake County leaving behind loss of life and destruction to homes, automobiles and property. WCHS in partnership with the American Red Cross opened four public shelter sites that were in use over a three week period at peak occupancy 600 people were sheltered. As people were able to make repairs to homes or find alternative housing, the shelters were consolidated into one shelter by the end of the first week. For 2 weeks about 200 people were housed at the ES King Village Congregate Care Center. 16

E m e r g e n c y P r e p a r e d n e s s Map of the tornado path across Wake County. The map (prepared by Wake County Geographic Information Services) shows the 911 calls from the tornado passage. The path of the tornado on this map is shaded in light green from the southwest corner of Wake County, traveling in a straight line to the northeast corner of Wake County. 3.5 3 N S u2.5 i m t b u 2 e a r t 1.5i o f 1n s 0.5 0 o WCHS Disaster Preparedness Program Monitoring (As of November 7, 2011) (Jan-Feb-Mar) (Apr-May-Jun) (Jul-Aug-Sep) (Oct-Nov-Dec) No. of Public Health Situations* in Wake County No. of Public Health Situations* responded to by WCHS/WCES No. of Public Health Situations Responded to with Partners** * A Situation can be an incident, an event, or any observable or predictable occurrence. It is a generic term referring to occurrences Contact: Brian McFeaters, Public Health Emergency Preparedness Section 919-212-9394 bmcfeaters@wakegov.com 17

Healthy North Carolina 2020 Objectives Every ten years since 1990, the state of North Carolina sets objectives aimed at improving the health of North Carolinians. Below are the objectives that are set for the year 2020 organized by focus area. The Wake County Human Services Public Health Report is organized to align with selected Healthy North Carolina 2020 Focus Areas and Objectives (highlighted in yellow). For more information about North Carolina s health objectives and how they are decided, visit the North Carolina Division of Public Health web page at http://publichealth.nc.gov/hnc2020/objectives.htm. Tobacco Use Current 2020 Target 1. Decrease the percentage of adults who are current smokers 20.3% (2009) 13.0% 2. Decrease the percentage of high school students reporting current use of any tobacco product 3. Decrease the percentage of people exposed to secondhand smoke in the workplace in the past seven days 25.8% (2009) 15.0% 14.6% (2008) 0% Physical Activity and Nutrition Current 2020 Target 1. Increase the percentage of high school students who are neither overweight nor obese 72.0% (2009) 79.2% 2. Increase the percentage of adults getting the recommended amount of physical activity 46.4% (2009) 60.6% 3. Increase the percentage of adults who consume five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day 20.6% (2009) 29.3% Injury and Violence Current 2020 Target 1. Reduce the unintentional poisoning mortality rate (per 100,000) population 11.0 (2008) 9.9 2. Reduce the unintentional falls mortality rate (per 100,000) population 8.1 (2008) 5.3 3. Reduce the homicide rate (per 100,00) population 7.5 (2008) 6.7 Maternal and Infant Health Current 2020 Target 1. Reduce the infant mortality racial disparity between whites and African Americans 2.45 (2008) 1.92 2. Reduce the infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8.2 (2008) 6.3 3. Reduce the percentage of women who smoke during pregnancy 10.4% (2008) 6.8% Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Unintended Pregnancy Current 2020 Target 1. Decrease the percentage of pregnancies that are unintended 39.8% (2007) 30.9% 2. Reduce the percentage of positive results among individuals aged 15 to 24 tested for chlamydia 9.7% (2009) 8.7% 3. Reduce the rate of new HIV infection diagnoses (per 100,000) population 24.7% (2008) 22.2 Substance Abuse Current 2020 Target 1. Reduce the percentage of high school students who had alcohol on one or more of the past 30 days 35.0% (2009) 26.4% 2. Reduce the percentage of traffic crashes that are alcohol-related 5.7% (2008) 4.7% 3. Reduce the percentage of individuals aged 12 years and older reporting any illicit drug use in the past 30 days. 7.8% (2007-2008) 6.6% 18

Mental Health Current 2020 Target 1. Reduce the suicide rate (per 100,000 population) 12.4 (2008) 8.3 2. Decrease the average number of poor mental health days among adults in the past 30 days 3. Reduce the rate of mental health related visits to emergency departments (per 100,000) population 3.4 (2008) 2.8 92.0 (2008) 82.8 Oral Health Current 2020 Target 1. Increase the percentage of children aged 1-5 years enrolled in Medicaid who receive any dental service during the previous 12 months 46.9% (2008) 56.4% 2. Decrease the average number of decayed, missing or filled teeth among kindergartners 1.5 (2008-09) 1.1 3. Decrease the percentage of adults who have had permanent teeth removed due to tooth decay or gum disease 47.8% (2008) 38.4% Environmental Health Current 2020 Target 1. Increase the percentage of air monitor sites meeting the current ozone standard of 0.075 ppm 2. Increase the percentage of the population being served by community water systems (CWS) with no maximum contaminant level violations (among persons on CWS) 3. Reduce the mortality rate from work-related injuries (per 100,000 equivalent full time workers ) 62.5% (2007-09) 100.0% 92.2% (2009) 95.0% 3.9 (2008) 3.5 Infectious Disease and Foodborne Illness Current 2020 Target 1. Increase the percentage of children aged 19-35 months who receive the recommended vaccines. 77.3% (2007) 91.3% 2. Reduce the pneumonia and influenza mortality rate (per 100,000 population) 19.5% (2008) 13.5% 3. Decrease the average number of critical violations per restaurant/food stand 6.1 (2009) 5.5 Social Determinants of Health Current 2020 Target 1. Decrease the percentage of individuals living in poverty 16.9% (2009) 12.5% 2. Increase the four year high school graduation rate 71.8% (2008-09) 3. Decrease the percentage of people spending more than 30% of their income on rental housing 94.6% 41.8% (2008) 36.1% Chronic Disease Current 2020 Target 1. Reduce the cardiovascular disease mortality rate (per 100,000 population) 256.6 (2008) 161.5 2. Decrease the percentage of adults with diabetes 9.6% (2009) 8.6% 3. Reduce the colorectal cancer mortality rate (per 100,000 population) 15.7 (2008) 10.1 Cross Cutting Current 2020 Target 1. Increase average life expectancy (years) 77.5 (2008) 79.5 2. Increase the percentage of adults reporting good, very good, or excellent health 81.9% (2009) 90.1% 3. Reduce the percentage of non-elderly uninsured individuals (aged less than 65 years) 20.4% (2009) 8.0% 4. Increase the percentage of adults who are neither overweight nor obese 34.6% (2009) 38.1% 19