Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns

Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Goal: Students will be able to identify and analyze the ways that the Civil War transformed the nation. 4 I am able to identify, analyze, and explain the ways that the Civil War transformed the nation. 3 I can identify and analyze the ways that the Civil War transformed the nation. 2 I can identify the ways that the Civil War transformed the nation. 1 With help, I can identify the ways that the Civil War transformed the nation. Student Name Period Teacher Test Date

SQ3R Chapter 17 The Tide of War Turns, Section 1 The Emancipation Proclamation p.536-541 SURVEY Headings and Subheadings: 1) One American s Story 2) A War of Liberation 3) Abolitionists Demand Action 4) The Emancipation Proclamation 5) Response to the Proclamation 6) Fighting for Freedom 7) African-American Soldiers 8) The 54 th Massachusetts Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions: 9. Emancipation Proclamation SURVEY continued 15. Battle of Antietam Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text: 16. p.537 10. 54 th Massachusetts Volunteers 17. p.538 11. Emancipate 18. p.539 12. Commander-in-Chief 19. p.540 13. Liberation 14. Prolong 20. p.541 2

SQ3R Chapter 17 The Tide of War Turns, Section 1 The Emancipation Proclamation p.536-541 QUESTION Go over the questions to read with a purpose: How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the war effort? How did African-American soldiers contribute to the Union cause? How did the Civil War transform the nation? READ/RAP -Read each section below, stop, ask yourself the main idea and details, Paraphrase/Put it in your own words: 21. One American s Story Abolitionists like Frederick Douglass asked Lincoln to emancipate (free) slaves to help fight against South. 22. A War of Liberation War made Americans take a stand on slavery issue, FINALLY! 23. Abolitionists Demand Action Slavery starts collapsing in South during war. Lincoln puts out EP as military action in role as Commander-in-Chief & he doesn t want to anger the BORDER STATES. 24. The Emancipation Proclamation (EP) Jan.1, 1863, Lincoln issues EP. All slaved in CSA are free. Afr-Ams allowed in Union army. North: war to maintain Union & to end slavery. READ continued 25. Response to the Proclamation Abolitionists mixed feelings about EP. Some happy it is 1 st step. Some angry, EP didn t free ALL slaves. N Dems: Angry; say it will prolong war. South: FURIOUS! How DARE he! N Soldiers: happy at psychological blow to South army; also gives North more men to help fight. 26. Fighting for Freedom EP said Afr-Am men can fight in Union army. 27. African-American Soldiers Fred Douglass wanted Afr-Am soldiers from start of war to be able to fight. 166 Colored regiments; 180,000 Black soldiers fight & most came from South. Lots of discrimination/racism. Some White soldiers learn to respect Afr-Ams on battlefield. 28. 54 th Massachusetts The 54 th Massachusetts volunteers were one of the first Afr-Am regiment. At first they were discriminated. In July 1863, they lead an attack on Ft. Wagner, that event increased Afr-Am enlistment. 3

SQ3R Chapter 17 The Tide of War Turns, Section 1 The Emancipation Proclamation p.536-541 RETELL/ RECITE Answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS! 29. How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the war effort? Effects on the North Changed purpose of war to include liberation of slaves 180,000 Afr-Ams enlist in military Boosts morale of troops (makes them happier & more confident) Some in North are angry (abolitionists & Northern Democrats) 30. How did African-American soldiers contribute to the Union cause? Effects on the South Highly motivated to fight harder! 180,000 Afr-Ams enlist in military; 166 regiments Boosts morale of troops (makes them happier & more confident) See it as their war to end slavery 31. In what ways did the Civil War transform America? South FURIOUS! South troops concerned with those at home. Many slaves run away (hurts economy) More outnumbered on battlefield Interferes with supplies to troops Gives Afr-Ams the right to fight in combat Union has more troops Some Cau-Ams start to respect Afr-Ams soldiers on the battlefield Ending some slavery (in CSA territory) Emancipation Proclamation (EP) Slavery CSA slaves free South irate! (really angry) South economy weakened Military/Soldiers 180,000 Afr-Ams enlist War of liberation 54 th MA Volunteers @ Ft. Wagner, SC 4

SQ3R Chapter 17 The Tide of War Turns, Section 1 The Emancipation Proclamation p.536-541 REVIEW Informational Text- Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Review must happen within 24 hours of reading! 5

SQ3R Chapter 17 The Tide of War Turns, Section 2 War Affect Society p.542-547 SURVEY Headings and Subheadings: 9) One American s Story 10) A Divisive Time 11) Disagreements About the War 12) Slaves Undermine the Confederacy 13) The Draft Laws 14) Economic and Social Change 15) Economic Effects of the War 16) Women Aid the War Effort 17) War Transforms Society SURVEY continued 15. Greenback 16. Inflation Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions: 10. Copperheads Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text: 17. p.543 11. Writ of Habeas Corpus 18. p.544 12. Clara Barton 19. p.545 13. Conscription 20. p. 546 14. Income Tax 21. p. 547 6

SQ3R Chapter 17 The Tide of War Turns, Section 2 War Affect Society p.542-547 QUESTION Go over the questions to read with a purpose: What disagreements happened in the North and in the South during the war? What economic and social changes were caused by the war? In what ways did the Civil War transform the nation? READ/RAP -Read each section below, stop, ask yourself the main idea and details, Paraphrase/Put it in your own words: 22. One American s Story April 4, 1863, women cause bread riot over food shortages in CSA capital of Richmond. 23. A Divisive Time Not just North v. South. There were arguments between Northerners (North v. North) and others between Southerners (South v. South). 24. Disagreements About the War 1863 West Virginia separates from VA and joins Union. In North: Copperheads speak out against Lincoln, so Lincoln puts them in jail (without/suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus). 25. Slaves Undermine the Confederacy Slaves weakened CSA by slowing/stopping work. After EP, runaways increased. Some would follow Union army. 26. The Draft Laws North & South passed conscription laws that forced men to join military. Irish-Ams in NYC destroy property and harm Afr-Ams during 4- day long draft riot. READ continued 27. Economic and Social Change In North & South things are changing because of the war. Women are becoming nurses. Poverty & hunger problems more in South than in North. 28. Economic Effects of the War South had outrageously high inflation. 1861 in North, government creates greenbacks & income tax to help pay for war. 29. Women Aid the War Effort Thousands of women served on the front lines as volunteer workers and nurses such as Clara Barton & Susie King Taylor. Taylor said, Many lives were lost-not men alone but noble women as well. By the end of the war 20,000 nurses had worked in CSA and Union hospitals. Women enlisted disguised as men (Jennie Hodgers/Albert Cashier) and women spies (Harriet Tubman & Belle Boyd) were sent in as well. 30. War Transforms Society Women become active in the war effort. Afr-Ams were starting to gain more rights a several states began repealing discriminatory laws. In the south, they questioned why they were asked to fight a war for rich slave owners. Social resentment, inflation, and food shortages began to destroy southern morale because of the war. 7

SQ3R Chapter 17 The Tide of War Turns, Section 2 War Affect Society p.542-547 RETELL/ RECITE Answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS! 31. What disagreements happened in the North and in the South during the war? Northern Disagreements Copperheads want peace so Lincoln suspends Writ of HC & jails them Conscription arguments lead to 4-day draft riot in NYC by Irish-Ams against Afr-Ams. 32. What economic and social changes were caused by the war? Economic Changes Greenbacks & income tax created in North to minimize inflation & pay for war. Afr-Ams can serve in military How did the American Civil War affect society? Southern Disagreements Food shortages lead to bread riots in Richmond Poor whites see conscription as unfair because rich get out of serving if they have 20+ slaves; it is the rich man s war More slaves escape/run-away; slow down or stop working WV leaves VA and rejoins Union as a new border state Social Changes Poverty & hunger worse in CSA Women okay to be nurses Minorities & women get work in factories Draft laws (conscription) Afr-Ams gain more rights 33. In what ways did the Civil War transform the nation? Afr-Ams are soldiers; women become nurses; women disguised as men serve in military; Afr-Ams get more rights; women & minorities work in factories; draft laws; slavery decreases; food shortages & inflation cause problems in society; greenbacks & income tax created to minimize inflation and help pay for war; inflation; The Civil War affected society in many ways. Political Changes: Society was affected by political changes. Economic Changes Copperheads/Lincoln suspends Greenbacks/income tax Writ of HC to jail them (against 1 st Amendment!) Inflation Conscription/Draft laws Afr-Ams get more jobs Social Changes Women get more opportunities; nurses Afr-Ams get more rights Slavery decreases; runaway/slow work WV formed & joins USA 8

SQ3R Chapter 17 The Tide of War Turns, Section 2 War Affect Society p.542-547 REVIEW Informational Text- Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Review must happen within 24 hours of reading! The Civil War affected society in many ways. For starters, society was affected by political changes. 9

Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 3: The North Wins p.548-557 Survey Headings and Subheadings: 1. One American s Story 2. Union Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg 3. Lee Invades the North 4. The Battle of Gettysburg 5. The Siege of Vicksburg 6. The Confederacy Falls 7. Sherman Takes Atlanta 8. Grant s Virginia Campaign 9. Richmond Falls 10. Surrender at Appomattox Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions: 11. Battle of Gettysburg Survey continued 16. Appomattox Court House 17. Dislodge Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text: 18. p.549 12. George Pickett 19. p. 550-551 13. Pickett s Charge 20. p. 552 14. Siege of Vicksburg 21. p.553 15. Sherman s March to the Sea 22. p.554 10

Read: continued Question: Go over the questions to read with a purpose. Why were the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg so significant? What advantage did Union forces gain by fighting on higher ground in the Battle of Gettysburg? What qualities did Grant have that helped him defeat Lee? How did Grant s new strategy defeat the Confederacy? Why do you think Grant gave generous terms of surrender to Lee? In what ways did the Civil War transform the nation? Read/RAP: Read each section below. Stop. Ask yourself the main idea and details. Paraphrase (put it in your own words). 23. One American s Story Tillie witnessed Gettysburg, PA, battle & tended Union soldiers who were wounded. 24. Union Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg In 1863, CSA General Lee invaded North again. FATAL mistake! Gettysburg & Vicksburg are turning points in war. 25. Lee Invades the North Lee s victory at Chancellorsville motivated him to invade North again. In June 1863, he crossed into US territory. Meets up with US forces at Gettysburg, PA and fight begins on July 1, 1863. 26. The Battle of Gettysburg 3-day battle was Union win for US Gen. George Meade. On 3 rd day, CSA Gen. Pickett led the disastrous Pickett s Charge. USA dead 23,000 (1/4), CSA 28,000 (1/3). Lee s hopes of winning war crushed and he runs back to VA. Meade lets him go, so Lincoln isn t happy with Meade. 28. The Confederacy Falls March 1864, Lincoln picks Grant as head of all US forces (Army of the Potomac). Grant chases Lee in VA, while Sherman tears path of destruction through Deep South. 29. Sherman Takes Atlanta Sherman takes Atlanta, GA, in Sept. 1864. His victory affected the US presidential election (Lincoln v. McClellan). Lincoln won re-election. Sherman burns Atlanta in Nov. 1864; then starts March to the Sea where he uses total war which destroys EVERYTHING that the South can use to fight. Pulls up railroad tracks (Sherman s bow ties), burns fields, & slaughters livestock in his 60-mile wide & 300-mile long route. 30. Grant s Virginia Campaign Grant pursued Lee all over VA. Grant s strategy was brutal (no retreat, no surrender) and caused high casualties. May 1864, at Wilderness, Grant loses 17,000 men. At Spotsylvania & Cold Harbor in June, 7,000 US lost. US forces dig trenches in Petersburg later in June & starts a 9-month siege. 31. Richmond Falls April 1865, Lee sent CSA Pres. Davis letter telling him to leave Richmond. CSA leaves Richmond & burns anything US could use for war. The fire spreads through most of Richmond. US forces take control of Richmond & Lincoln tours it on April 3 rd. 32. Surrender at Appomattox After Richmond fell, Lee headed west trying to get his troops to supplies. US forces cut him off. Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. Grant feeds CSA troops & lets them go home with personal items & weapons so long as they promise not to fight anymore. 27. The Siege of Vicksburg July 4, 1863, Vicksburg, MS, CSA surrendered city to General Grant (USA) after a 1½ month siege. Grant has gained total control of Mississippi (MS) River & completed his part of Anaconda Plan. 11

Recite/Retell answer the essential questions. 33. Why were the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg so important? US victory at Vicksburg gives Union full control of Mississippi River and completes 1 part of Anaconda Plan. US victory at Gettysburg stops Lee s 2 nd invasion of North. Lee cannot recover from loss of troops, CSA does not get support from Europe, and CSA cannot force Lincoln into peace talks. Battles at Gettysburg & Vicksburg ARE THE TURNING POINTS in the war. 34. What advantage did Union forces gain by fighting on higher ground in the Battle of Gettysburg? Higher elevation has better cover (can duck behind horizon of hill) Stationary (do not have to advance without cover-out in the open) Can pick off targets without putting themselves at risk Shooting downward goes with gravity not against it (velocity) Troops coming up hill will go slower so they are an easier target 35. What qualities did Grant have that helped him defeat Lee? Willing to lose/sacrifice lives in order to have successful mission Even though he is NOT a master at strategy, Grant sticks to his plan (determined/single-minded) Grant continues to follow Lee, he doesn t quit/give up/take a break Had bigger population to draw from to get replacement (fresh) soldiers Had plenty of supplies 36. How did Grant s new strategy defeat the Confederacy? Continues to follow Lee s forces without giving them a rest Grant doesn t give up 37. Why do you think Grant gave generous terms of surrender to Lee? Grant doesn t want to punish them further Wants to start repairing the damage/hard feelings between North & South They are no longer enemies once the CSA surrenders; they are all one nation again. Grant understands that everyone is tired of war and wants to start healing. 38. In what ways did the Civil War transform the nation? CSA states become part of the USA again Slaves in the South are free Lower population because of so many soldiers dying What led to the North winning the American Civil War? The North won the American Civil War for several reasons. Events Gettysburg; Pickett Vicksburg Appomattox Leaders Sherman; his march Grant; chases Lee Strategies Grant: No surrender Sherman: Total war Finishing Anaconda 12

Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 3: The North Wins p.548-557 Review Informational Text Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Remember, the review must happen within 24 hours of reading! The North won the American Civil War for several reasons. Transition Events: There were some key events that led the North to win the American Civil War. Gettysburg, Pickett, & disastrous charge 13

SQ3R Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 4: The Legacy of the War p.558-562 Survey Headings and Subheadings: 1. One American s Story 2. Costs of War 3. Terrible Losses 4. The South in Ruins 5. Lincoln s Assassination 6. The Nation Transformed 7. A New Nation 8. The Thirteenth Amendment Survey continued Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text: 14. p.559 Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions: 9. Walt Whitman 15. p.560 10. Ford s Theatre 16. p.561 11. John Wilkes Booth 12. Thirteenth Amendment 17. p.563 13. Ratify 14

Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 4: The Legacy of the War p.558-562 Question: Go over the questions to read with a purpose What were the losses and gains of the war? How might photographs have changed civilians attitudes to war? What changes did the war bring about? In what ways are the effects of the Civil War still being felt today? How did the Civil War transform the nation? Read/RAP: Read each section below. Stop. Ask yourself the main idea and details. Paraphrase (put it in your own words). 18. One American s Story Walt Whitman (poet) was too old to be soldier, so he volunteered as a nurse. He wrote many poems about the war & Lincoln s death. Lincoln is 1 st President to be assassinated in office. 19. Costs of War With defeat of CSA, the Union is preserved, but at a terrible cost. (All one nation again) 20. Terrible Losses Civil War is deadliest in US history! 620,000 men dead (US=360,000; CS=260,000) and 375,000 wounded (US=275,000 and CS=100,000). Many of the wounded suffer health issues for the rest of their lives. Read: continued 22. Lincoln s Assassination 5 days after Lee s surrender, on April 14, 1865, Lincoln was shot at Ford s Theatre by CSA supporter John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln died next morning. Booth was killed 11 days later by US troops. 23. The Nation Transformed Civil War changed the nation s society & economy forever. 24. A New Nation US recognized as a Union. Federal government expanded. New banking system created that gave money for building colleges & railroads, and western land to settlers (Homestead Act 1862). Industry replaces farming as national economic base. 25. The Thirteenth Amendment Booker T Washington became free with the passing of the 13 th Amendment. It abolishes slavery and allows former slaves to travel where they want & to work for pay. January 1865 the 13 th Am. approved by Congress and then was ratified by 27 states (8 in South). 21. The South in Ruins War brought disaster to South. 40% of livestock dead & 50% of farm machinery destroyed. 1000s of miles of railroad tracks torn up. Pre-war, South had 30% of nation s wealth and after it only had 12%. South s factories were demolished. It will take several decades for South to fully recover. 15

Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 4: The Legacy of the War p.558-562 Recite/Retell Answer the essential questions. 26. What were the losses and gains of the war? Losses: Lincoln killed; CSA surrenders; 620,000 men died; South lost 18% of its wealth; South is trashed (40% of livestock, 50% of farm machinery; 1000s of miles of RR track ripped up) Gains: USA all one nation again; slavery abolished with 13 th Amendment; new federal banking system created 27. How might photographs have changed civilians attitudes to war? Actual realistic images of war destroyed the ideas that it was all about excitement & fun-times. Showed brutality of war. 28. What changes did the war bring about? (p.561) Social changes: freed slaves; Afr-Ams serve in military; women become active in nursing Economic changes: income tax created; factory production increases; slave-based economy is destroyed Political changes: federal government becomes more powerful; Military tech changes: new weapons increase casualties; ironclads make wooden warships outdated (obsolete) 29. In what ways are the effects of the Civil War still being felt today? Greenbacks still used; income tax still collected by federal government to pay for programs; slavery still banned throughout the US 30. How did the Civil War transform the nation? (use chart on p.561 to help organize your tree map below) The American Civil War greatly transformed the nation. The war significantly altered the nation socially. Economically Politically 16

SQ3R Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 4: The Legacy of the War p.558-562 Review Informational Text Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Remember, the review must happen within 24 hours of reading! 17