Length 30 Minutes Description This introduction introduces the basic concepts of foreign disclosure in the international security environment, specifically in international programs and activities that involve the disclosure of United States (U.S.) classified military information (CMI) to foreign governments and international organizations. In addition, this course introduces the National Security and National Military Strategies of the United States, and how they impact foreign disclosure decisions. Objectives To educate the Foreign Disclosure Officer and Contact Officer in the international security environment and provide familiarization with international programs and activities that involve disclosure. POC ARMYFOREIGNDISCLOSURE@MI.ARMY.MIL Page 1 of 29
CONTENTS Introduction International Security Environment Tools to Support Engagement Activities Page 2 of 29
Introduction The purpose of the On-line Foreign Disclosure Training and Certification program is to provide a series of instructions that can be employed in a user-on-demand basis worldwide assisting Foreign Disclosure Officers and in their ability to protect National Assets while supporting our coalition partners and allies. are required to take the following courses: National Disclosure Policy Controlled Unclassified Information International Visits Foreign Liaison, Personnel Exchange, and Cooperative Program Personnel Program Security Documents At the completion of each course you are required to take an examination and score 70% or greater. Once the previous course examinations are completed, your are required to take the Contact Officer Certification Exam and score 70% or greater. Foreign Disclosure Officer Certification requires the following courses: National Disclosure Policy Controlled Unclassified Information International Visits Foreign Liaison, Personnel Exchange, and Cooperative Program Personnel Program Security Documents International Agreements International Programs International Transfers NATO At the completion of each course you are required to take an examination and score 70% or greater. Once the previous course examinations are completed, you are required to take the Army Foreign Disclosure Officer Certification Exam and score 70% or greater. Page 3 of 29
Introduction (Cont) Foreign Disclosure Officers and Contact Officers provide a critical role in protecting National Assets while supporting our coalition partners and allies. It is the policy of the DoD to treat classified military information as a national security asset. This asset must be both protected and leveraged within an international forum. The key to striking balance between protecting the overmatch capabilities of our deployed forces and the need to build and maintain effective coalitions is Foreign Disclosure. Page 4 of 29
Foreign Disclosure and Contact Officers The Foreign Disclosure Officer (FDO) is a Department of the Army member (either active duty or DA civilian) designated in writing to oversee and control coordination of specific disclosures of classified military information (CMI). FDOs are authorized for appointment to the lowest command level that is the originator or proponent for Armycreated, developed, or derived CMI. The Contact Officer is a Department of the Army official designated in writing to oversee and facilitate all contacts, requests for information, consultations, access, and other activities of foreign nationals who are assigned to, or are visiting, a Department of the Army component or subordinate organization. Page 5 of 29
International Security Environment As it enters the 21st century, the United States is confronted with many environmental challenges in the international security arena, challenges that compel the need for dynamic transformation. Our strategy to meet these challenges is articulated in "The National Security Strategy of the United States of America (March 2006)". The goal of this strategy is two-fold: to promote freedom, justice and human dignity, end tyranny, promote effective democracies and extend prosperity and: confront the challenges of our time by leading a growing community of democracies. In the world today, the fundamental character of regimes matters as much as the distribution of power among them. The goal of our statecraft is to help create a world of democratic, wellgoverned states that can meet the needs of their citizens and conduct themselves responsibly in the international community. Page 6 of 29
Page 7 of 29
National Security Strategy The National Security Strategy focuses on several essential tasks necessary to achieve these goals: Engage the opportunities and confront the challenges of globalization. Champion aspirations for human dignity; Strengthen alliances to defeat global terrorism and work to prevent attacks against us and our friends; Work with others to defuse regional conflicts; Prevent our enemies from threatening us, our allies, and our friends with weapons of mass destruction (WMD); Ignite a new era of global economic growth through free markets and free trade; Expand the circle of development by opening societies and building the infrastructure of democracy; Develop agendas for cooperative action with other main centers of global power; Transform America's national security institutions to meet the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century; and Page 8 of 29
Page 9 of 29
National Military Strategy The "National Military Strategy" (March 2005) seeks to create conditions conducive to respect for the sovereignty of nations and a secure international order favorable to freedom, democracy, and economic opportunity. This strategy, detailed below, promotes close cooperation with others around the world committed to these goals: Secure the United States from direct attack. We will give top priority to dissuading, deterring, and defeating those who seek to harm the United States directly, especially extremist enemies with weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Secure strategic access and retain global freedom of action. We will promote the security, prosperity, and freedom of action of the United States and its partners by securing access to key regions, lines of communication, and the global commons. Page 10 of 29
National Military Strategy (Cont) Additional goals of the National Military Strategy: Strengthen alliances and partnerships. We will expand the community of nations that share principles and interests with us. We will help partners increase their capacity to defend themselves and collectively meet challenges to our common interests. Establish favorable security conditions. Working with others in the U.S. Government, we will create conditions for a favorable international system by honoring our security commitments and working with other nations to bring about a common appreciation of threats; the steps required to protect against these threats; and a broad, secure, and lasting peace. Page 11 of 29
Tools In support of these strategies, the Geographic Combatant Commanders (GCC) and Executive Agents will develop, as applicable, a Theater Engagement Strategic Concept that provides a broad overview of the theater environment, Geographic Combatant Commander's objectives, and engagement activities planned to favorably shape the strategic environment. The development of this concept supports the Theater Security Cooperation Plan (TSCP), primarily a strategic planning document intended to link Commander-in-Chief (CINC)-planned regional engagement activities with national strategic objectives. There are thirteen tools that can be used to support the engagement activities in order to favorably shape the strategic environment. Page 12 of 29
Tools to support engagement activities Combined/Multinational Education: Activities involving the education of foreign defense and military personnel by U.S. institutions and programs, both in CONUS and overseas, and the education of U.S. defense personnel in institutions of other nations. This is a core mission for the DoD Regional Centers. Page 13 of 29
Tools to support engagement activities Combined/Multinational Exercises: Exercises with foreign militaries, both in CONUS and overseas, across the full spectrum of military operations sponsored by the CJCS, Combatant Commanders, or Service Chiefs under the direction of the Secretaries of the Military Departments. Page 14 of 29
Tools to support engagement activities Combined/Multinational Experimentation: Those bilateral and multilateral activities, such as Experiments, Demonstrations, Tests, and Exercises that seek to improve Combined or Multinational interoperability and critical operational capabilities. Page 15 of 29
Tools to support engagement activities Combined/Multinational Training: Scheduled unit and individual training activities with foreign militaries that do not fall under the Multinational Exercises Category. Foreign Internal Defense (FlD) and Joint Combined Exchange Training for U.S. Special Operation Forces are examples of Multinational Training. Page 16 of 29
Tools to support engagement activities Counternarcotics Assistance: Authorities and funds for equipment, Training, Intelligence, and logistics that provide additional tools to fight narcoterrorism. Page 17 of 29
Tools to support engagement activities Counter/Non-Proliferation: Activities seeking to counter and reduce the threat of WMD, as well as mitigate its effects. Includes: Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR), Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), International Counter-proliferation Program (ICP), and Cooperative Defense Program (CDP). Page 18 of 29
Tools to support engagement activities Defense and Military Contacts: Senior defense official and senior Officer visits, Ship port visits, Participation in defense shows and Demonstrations, Bilateral and multilateral planning, Exchanges, Staff talks, and Regional Conferences. Page 19 of 29
Tools to support engagement activities Partnership for Peace: National Guard State Partnership Program, and personnel and unit exchange programs. Page 20 of 29
Tools to support engagement activities Defense Support to Public Diplomacy: Activities that support U.S. Government public diplomacy efforts by engaging key foreign audiences to advance U.S. interests. Activities may include, for example, developing information programs in regional languages that complement other security cooperation activities. Page 21 of 29
Tools to support engagement activities Humanitarian Assistance: Use of contacts and deployment of U.S. military personnel to conduct specific humanitarian projects, Donation and transportation of non-lethal excess property and relief supplies, transportation of privately donated relief material, assistance to host nations' HIV/AIDS prevention programs, Information Sharing/Intelligence Cooperation and activities that increase partner nations' intelligence capacity, information sharing, and awareness. Military Assistance to Civilian Authorities for disaster preparedness and response, training in search and rescue, Training in Explosive Remnants of War (ERW) risk awareness and de-mining techniques, civilian-military emergency preparedness, and civic assistance projects. Page 22 of 29
Page 23 of 29
Tools to support engagement activities International Armaments Cooperation: Cooperative research, Development, Tests, and evaluation of defense technologies, Systems, or equipment; joint production and followon support of defense articles or equipment; and test and/or procurement of foreign equipment, technology, or logistics support. Page 24 of 29
Tools to support engagement activities Security Assistance: Includes programs such as Foreign Military sales (FMS), Foreign Military Financing (FMF), Peace Operations funding, International Military Education and Training (IMET), Excess Defense Articles Program. Page 25 of 29
Tools to support engagement activities Other Programs and Activities (may apply to various objectives): Regional Defense Counterterrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP), International Information Assurance Program, Defense Environmental International Cooperation, Warsaw Initiative Programs, and Small Arms/Light Weapons (SALW) and Man-Portable Air Defense systems (MANPADS) destruction. Page 26 of 29
GCC engagement activities GCC-planned and supported operations and activities produce multiple benefits in readiness, modernization, and engagement. (AOR) or involving foreign nationals from AOR countries. However, peacetime military engagement activities must be prioritized to ensure efforts are focused on those that are of greatest importance, without sacrificing warfighting capability. The TSCP identifies the synchronization of these activities on a regional basis and illustrates the efficiencies gained from regional GCC engagement activities that support national strategic objectives. In developing these concepts, Commands, Services, and Defense agencies routinely conduct engagement activities within the Unified Command areas of responsibility Page 27 of 29
Foreign Disclosure It is imperative to understand that proposed disclosures reflect the need for striking a proper balance between pursuit of our mutual defense and foreign policy objectives on the one hand and the preservation of the security of our military secrets on the other. This must be measured on a case-by-case basis consistent with U.S. national security objectives. Disclosure authority includes responsibility for ensuring compliance with the provisions of any treaty, agreement, statute, executive order, directive, or instruction involving the disclosure of military information to foreign governments and international organizations. Page 28 of 29
Foreign Disclosure The Foreign Disclosure Officer (FDO) or Disclosure Official, for his or her part, is designated in writing to oversee and coordinate specific disclosures of CUI/CMI to foreign governments and international organizations in support of international programs. Although the subject matter expert on disclosure issues, the FDO relies on the international program stakeholders for information/views on their subject matter area of expertise to formulate foreign disclosure decisions. These stakeholders include, but are not limited to the Command staff, international program managers and specialists, scientists and engineers, security assistance personnel, political-military specialists, information security specialists and General Counsel. Interaction between the FDO and these stakeholders is the key to a successful foreign disclosure program, and instrumental toward the realization of national security objectives. Page 29 of 29