US & WWII! Mobilizing for War! Axis Advantages: Japan & Germany controlled more land & more prepared for war than Allies! War was fought on Multiple fronts in France, USSR & Asia! Allied Advantages: USSR s massive military & United State s massive production abilities! 1!
Production Boom:! 486,000 workers producing ammunition, cannon shells & rifles! Built 300,000 aircraft by end of war! 1940-1945 US factories produced planes, tanks, jeeps & guns! 88,000 water to land crafts... 215 submarines... 147 aircraft carriers... 952 warships & 5,200 merchant ships! Gov t Expansion:! War Productions Board = oversaw increased military production! Office of War Mobilization = coordinated all gov t agencies involved in war effort! Directing Economy:! Gov t controlled economy! Created income tax for M.C. & L.C. Americans! Sold War Bonds! Rationed gasoline, tires, coffee, sugar, meat, butter & canned goods! Froze wage increases! 2!
Raising An Army:! 1940... US called National Guard to active duty! Selective Training & Service Act = created first PEACETIME draft in US history... All men aged 18-45! Before Draft: 269,023 Army... 160,997 Navy... 28,345 Marines! 12 million US soldiers fought in WWII! 300,000 women... nurses, drove vehicles & ferried planes in order to allow men to fight! Rosie The Riveter! Liberty Girl! 3!
Victory Garden! Americans Remember The Homefront! When my son enlisted in the air force, he went to McDill Field in Florida. So I went there... Then I came back to Westminster... And found that people who didn t have someone overseas were not too concerned. They were interested in bacon and sugar and gas, which I was not... I did a lot of war work... when I was at McDill, I worked in the hospital... I started to do some volunteer work in Westminster, like rolling bandages, but I couldn t make it. The people I was doing it with were not in my situation at all. They were more concerned with what they were having to give up than with what was happening in Europe. I had people call me up and ask, Do you have coupons? We can get butter tomorrow. I never stood in a line for a thing. I thought that if the men could do without it, so could I. Mary Speir! Americans Remember The Homefront! [formed] a neighborhood Victory Garden, plowed up the backyards of three houses, and planted beans, corn, tomatoes, okra, squash, and all the things we could use. When the crop came in,... [we] used a pressure cooker and canned all day. I was canning until midnight and later, night after night, and I frequently said, I wish I had Hitler in that pressure cooker. - Martha Wood! 4!
Women Working In US! Foremen from other departments come to my machine to ask me to do some work for them if I have time because they say I m the best counter-sinker in the vast building! At forty-nine I ve at last become not better than average, but the best! - Female aircraft worker! Victory Gardens! 5!
Gasoline Rationing! Gasoline Rationing! Rationing! 6!
Taxes & Bonds!...They re Watching Us...!...They re Watching Us...! 7!
...They re Watching Us...!...They re Watching Us...! Wartime Discrimination! 8!
Intro! HAND IN CURRENT EVENTS ON AFRICA/ MIDDLE EAST! DISCUSS: What groups of people do you think were discriminated against during WWII? Why?! Japanese Internment Camps! Issei = Native born Japanese who moved to US! Nisei = US born JapaneseAmericas! 1942... Japanese-Americans put in detention camps in West & Midwest! Hawaii placed under Martial Law! Many Japanese-Americans STILL fought in WWII! Interment Camps! 9!
Press Coverage! Press Coverage! Transportation to Camps! 10!
Sports @ Internment Camps! Zoot-Suit Riots! Over 300,000 MexicanAmericans served in WWII & Helped with Homefront Labor needs! Moved from Southwest to West & Midwest for production jobs! Discrimination in Housing, Jobs & Facility use! Racial Hostility mostly between White & Mexican youths... led to riots & beatings! Sum Up! Why were the Japanese-Americans discriminated against?! Why were the Mexican-Americans discriminated against?! What group(s) today is(are) discriminated against?! Why? Any similarities between today & WWII? What?! 11!
QUIZ TOMORROW "! STUDY!!!!!!!! Fascism (3 countries), Totalitarianism (1), Militarism (1)! Axis & Allied Powers (name those countries)! War of The Worlds & Reactions! Direct cause of US involvement in WWII! Liberty Girl & Rosie The Riveter (what were they?)! When you ride alone you ride with [who?]! Japanese Internment & Zoot-Suit Riots! 12!