VSBA Fall Meetings 2014

VSBA Fall Meetings 2014 What is our purpose? What is the most efficient way to achieve our purpose? 1

Assumptions: Shared purpose: high quality opportunities to learn for all, in the most efficient and cost effective way possible. Different strategies (e.g. operating or tuitioning) of necessity, due to history and geography and external forces. Different challenges: (reflects differences in geography, size, region, resources, and structure.) The Finance Structure: Act 68 Brigham v. State (96-502); 166 Vt. 246; 692 A.2d 384..in Vermont the right to education is so integral to our constitutional form of government, and its guarantees of political and civil rights, that any statutory framework that infringes upon the equal enjoyment of that right bears a commensurate heavy burden of justification. Ø Makes the whole state financially responsible for supporting each child. Ø Treats business and second home wealth as a state resource, not a local resource. Ø Supports greater equity of effort than previous funding formulas. 2

Per Pupil Formulas If your enrollment is declining, you will either: cut your spending, or increase your tax rate to maintain the same level of overall spending Note: The hold harmless provision limits a district s decline (or increase) in pupils to 3.5% per year, which creates phantom students for funding purposes. Districts are free to make their own decisions.. but we sink or swim together as a state. 3

Vermont s Education Quality Standards The State Board of Education s new rules state value proficiency across 7 critical outcomes: 1. literacy; 2. mathema4cal content and prac4ces; 3. scien4fic inquiry and content knowledge; 4. global ci4zenship; 5. physical educa4on and health educa4on; 6. ar4s4c expression; and 7. transferable skills 7 We have some reliable data on statewide performance NAEP scores in 8 th grade math, nationally and in Vermont, for students who are eligible and ineligible for free and reduced lunch 310 305 300 295 290 285 280 275 US - - More affluent students VT - - More affluent students US - - Students eligible for Free or Reduced Lunch VT - - Students eligible for Free or Reduced Lunch 270 265 260 2007 2009 2011 2013 4

Average scores vary by region of the state. 2010 to 2014 NECAP Science Average Scale Score Change- 4th Grade Grand Isle Franklin NW North Country Franklin NE Essex N Franklin C. Orleans C. Franklin W. Lamoille N. Milton Caledonia N. Chittenden C. Ability to improve performance varies statewide: Orleans SW Essex Burlington Lamoille S. Winooski So. Burling. St. J. Chittenden E Caledonia C. Washington C. Chittenden S Washington NE Montpelier Washington W. Blue Mtn Barre Addison NW Addison NE Washington S. Orange N. Orange E. Addison C. Orange SW Rivendell Windsor NW Orange-Win Rutland NE Norwich Adsn-Rtlnd Hartford Rutland C. Windsor C. Rutland City Rutland SW Rutland S. Windsor SW Two Rivers Springfield Ben-Rutlnd Battenkill Windham NE Windham C. SW Vermont Windham SW Windham SE Essex-Cal. Grade Four Science -10.10 to -7.00 points -6.99 to -4.00 points -3.99 to -2.00 points -1.99 to 0.00 points 0.01 to 1.00 points 1.01 to 3.10 points = No data due to reporting or realignment of districts Burlington Area Milton Essex Winooski Chittenden C. Burlington So. Burling. Chittenden S Data: Vermont Agency of Education SUs that appear as red have fourth graders who scored 7 to 10 points lower in science than fourth graders five years ago. SU/SDs that appear as green have fourth graders who scored 1 to 3 points higher in science than fourth graders five years ago. (A 1 point difference is statistically significant) 5

We have state test results for larger schools NECAP Assessment Report Organization: Teaching Year: Test/Subject: Breakdown: Comparison: South Burlington High School 2012-2013 NECAP Math Grade 11 Differences in achievement by family income? Over Time? 10 10 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Number of Students Tested 190 34 171 38 166 36 157 38 159 40 Proficient With Distinction 5 % 3 % 4 % 0 % 11 % 3 % 5 % 0 % 14 % 0 % Proficient 52 % 18 % 53 % 24 % 43 % 14 % 55 % 16 % 50 % 25 % Partially Proficient 24 % 35 % 25 % 26 % 21 % 22 % 21 % 34 % 21 % 33 % Substantially Below Proficient 18 % 44 % 19 % 50 % 25 % 61 % 18 % 50 % 14 % 43 % Total Proficient and Above 57 % 21 % 56 % 24 % 54 % 17 % 61 % 16 % 65 % 25 % Total Below Proficient 43 % 79 % 44 % 76 % 46 % 83 % 39 % 84 % 35 % 75 % Average Scaled Score 40.7 35.3 40.1 31.6 40.1 31.1 41.7 33.3 42.9 33.0 The NECAP Math, Reading, and Writing tests are administered in October and measure student achievement of Grade Expectations for previous school years. NECAP Science tests are administered in May and measure student achievement of Grade Expectations in current and previous school years. District assessment data are for the accountability LEA which is either the town or union school district. 9/30/2014 1:39:06 PM Web comments, suggestions, or errors for correction: DOE-Webmanager@state.vt.us Page 1 of 2 Many small schools and their SUs currently get limited (if any) school- level performance data NECAP Assessment Report Organization: Teaching Year: Test/Subject: Breakdown: Comparison: Concord Graded/High School 2012-2013 NECAP Math Grade 11 Differences in achievement by family income? Over Time? 10 10 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Number of Students Tested Proficient With Distinction Proficient Partially Proficient Substantially Below Proficient Total Proficient and Above Total Below Proficient Average Scaled Score 6

10/23/14 Overall, VT public high schools and historical academies have comparable performance Average Scale Score 11th Grade Assessments, 2014 Test Public High Schools Historical Difference Academies NECAP Reading 46.80 45.96 0.84 NECAP Math 35.10 36.07-0.97 Superintendents Some districts struggle with stability of superintendent and principal leadership 7

10/23/14 Changes in ADM are different in different regions of the State FRANKLIN -7.6% HIGHGATE -27% ALBURG -7.7% BERKSHIRE -12.1% RICHFORD -17.8% JAY -5.4% ENOSBURGH -17.9% NORTH HERO -36.1% ST. ALBANS TOWN ST. ALBANS CITY 11.7% -19.7% CHARLESTON -22.8% BAKERSFIELD -8.3% ORLEANS ID -31.7% LOWELL 27.2% BELVIDERE 7.2% BURKE -13.1% GREENSBORO -13.5% WOLCOTT -4.6% LINCOLN 14.6% ORANGE -12.6% MIDDLEBURY -26.3% BRADFORD -24% -41% BRANDON -31.2% SUDBURY -43.9% CHITTENDEN -21.8% BENSON -22% HUBBARDTON -14.3% WEST HAVEN -49.1% NORWICH -12.2% WEST HAVEN 11.1% HARTFORD -17.9% FAIR HAVEN -4.7% SHARON 9. STOCKBRIDGE -7.5% NORWICH 12.9% BARNARD -17.5% PITTSFORD -9.9% POMFRET -13.1% READING -5.1% CLARENDON -7.9% TINMOUTH -15.1% SHREWSBURY -15.1% PLYMOUTH 14.5% READING -0.9% WALLINGFORD -3.7% PAWLET -1.6% Over 20 years DANBY -6. SPRINGFIELD -33.5% Change in ADM CAVENDISH -3.3% RUPERT -19.3% ROCKINGHAM -31.2% WARDSBORO -17.3% SOMERSET MANCHESTER -8.1% -39.9% to -3-29.9% to -2 GRAFTON 20.4% WINDHAM -27.7% WINHALL -2.3% SUNDERLAND 4.4% 20.1% to 3 SHAFTSBURY 13.2% 40.1% to 5 GLASTENBURY 0. SOMERSET 0. N. BENNINGTON ID -12.5% BENNINGTON -9.8% STAMFORD -21.4% MARLBORO -22.2% HALIFAX -25.9% 10.1% to 2 20.1% to 3 PUTNEY -19.4% 30.1% to 4 NEWFANE -3. DOVER -5.6% 40.1% to 5 DUMMERSTON -14.2% WOODFORD -12.6% SEARSBURG 15.8% WILMINGTON -15.3% MARLBORO 1.2% BRATTLEBORO -9.3% BRATTLEBORO -21.6% POWNAL -2. WHITINGHAM -14.9% 0.01% to 1 BROOKLINE -1.9% DUMMERSTON -26.3% WILMINGTON -36.3% -9.9% to WESTMINSTER -13.4% TOWNSHEND -4.8% STRATTON 6.7% WARDSBORO -8.7% 30.1% to 4 NEWFANE -30.8% -19.9% to -1 JAMAICA -14.1% ARLINGTON 25.9% 10.1% to 2 PUTNEY -33.5% ROCKINGHAM -1.1% ATHENS 3.5% 0.01% to 1 WESTMINSTER -41.5% BROOKLINE -10.4% DOVER -32.7% N. BENNINGTON ID -20.2% SANDGATE -18.6% -9.9% to TOWNSHEND -12.7% STRATTON 113.3% READSBORO -49.2% -49.9% to -4 LONDONDERRY -1.5% -19.9% to -1 JAMAICA -14.7% POWNAL -29.4% SPRINGFIELD -9. PERU 18. -29.9% to -2 GRAFTON -17.5% WINDHAM -44.5% ATHENS 17.1% WOODFORD -34.4% Over 5 years <-5 CHESTER -19. ANDOVER -9.6% LANDGROVE -42.4% DORSET -3.4% -39.9% to -3 WINHALL 105.8% SEARSBURG 83.3% WEATHERSFIELD -1.4% BALTIMORE 24.3% WESTON 3. -49.9% to -4 LONDONDERRY -11.8% BENNINGTON -27.3% WEST WINDSOR WINDSOR 6. -2.7% MOUNT HOLLY -10.2% MOUNT TABOR 0. <-5 CHESTER -34.1% ANDOVER -7.4% PERU 28.6% GLASTENBURY HARTLAND -10.9% LUDLOW -11.6% WEATHERSFIELD -18.5% BALTIMORE 34.5% WESTON SUNDERLAND -15% WOODSTOCK -19.9% IRA -40.2% WELLS -14.2% Change in ADM LANDGROVE -20.8% MANCHESTER -10.5% BRIDGEWATER -19.8% MIDDLETOWN SPRINGS 5.8% WEST WINDSOR WINDSOR -19.3% -26.1% CAVENDISH -14.4% MOUNT TABOR -18.1% DORSET -16.5% HARTFORD -4.7% KILLINGTON -3.3% PROCTORRUTLAND TOWN -13.7% -5.2% MENDON -27.3% W. RUTLAND RUTLAND CITY -1.3% -10.4% PLYMOUTH 9.8% MOUNT HOLLY -35.1% LUDLOW -47.5% SHAFTSBURY -28.5% CASTLETON -4.9% POULTNEY -4.9% SHREWSBURY -52.6% WALLINGFORD -41.9% DANBY -15.5% ARLINGTON -23% HUBBARDTON -13.7% THETFORD -15.3% PITTSFIELD 20.7% WOODSTOCK -42.3% HARTLAND -29.2% CLARENDON -35.8% SANDGATE -27.8% STRAFFORD -5.8% ROYALTON -9. POMFRET -34% TINMOUTH -29.7% RUPERT -22.9% BRANDON 1.3% SUDBURY -17.9% BENSON -20.1% BARNARD -43.8% BRIDGEWATER -43.2% IRA -47.9% PAWLET 3.3% -4.3% ROCHESTER -36.3% GOSHEN -44.3% CHITTENDEN -19.1% STOCKBRIDGE -18.6% KILLINGTON -42.5% MIDDLETOWN SPRINGS -15.3% WELLS -26.9% ORWELL -14.7% SHARON -5% MENDON -21.9% W. RUTLAND RUTLAND CITY -28.4% -16.9% POULTNEY -31.8% LEICESTER -19.5% BETHEL 0.6% THETFORD -10.3% ROYALTON -36.2% PITTSFORD -31.8% PROCTORRUTLAND TOWN -12.3% -18.9% CASTLETON -34.5% FAIR HAVEN -25.3% WEST FAIRLEE -7.8% FAIRLEE TUNBRIDGE 4.5% WHITING 19.3% STRAFFORD -16.2% PITTSFIELD 5 VERSHIRE -19.8% RANDOLPH 7.8% SHOREHAM -21.9% TUNBRIDGE -22.5% BETHEL -3 ORWELL -27.9% BRAINTREE -14.4% HANCOCK 11.5% SALISBURY -9.5% WEST FAIRLEE -13.2% FAIRLEE BRADFORD -2.7% CHELSEA 7.6% RIPTON -15.7% CORNWALL -0.3% VERSHIRE -39.6% RANDOLPH -28.1% ROCHESTER -52.5% CORINTH -13.3% GRANVILLE -44.4% BRIDPORT -13.1% CHELSEA -33.1% BRAINTREE -35.6% HANCOCK -33.3% GOSHEN -70.3% LEICESTER -32.9% WELLS RIVER -12.6% NEWBURY -7.9% BROOKFIELD -33.3% MIDDLEBURY -2.1% RYEGATE 7.2% TOPSHAM -17.8% WASHINGTON 17.1% ROXBURY -36. CORINTH -51% GRANVILLE -63.1% RIPTON -25% SALISBURY -24.1% WHITING -33.8% GROTON -7.9% ORANGE 3. WEYBRIDGE -15.3% BROOKFIELD -48.5% SHOREHAM -42.4% BARRE TOWN -12.5% WILLIAMSTOWN -3.8% WARREN -1.6% LINCOLN -0.3% BARNET 7.9% BARRE CITY -3.4% NORTHFIELD -9.1% BRISTOL -14. ADDISON -23.1% WASHINGTON -42.3% CONCORD -1. WATERFORD -4.9% PEACHAM -3.5% PLAINFIELD 6. BERLIN -3.2% WAITSFIELD -2.2% NEW HAVEN -14.9% ST. JOHNSBURY -4.7% DANVILLE -9. CABOT -16.7% MARSHFIELD -8.8% MONTPELIER 0.9% FAYSTON -1.8% BUELS GORE 25. WALTHAM 2.4% NEWBURY -22.5% WEYBRIDGE -9.2% CORNWALL -14.6% PANTON -2. WELLS RIVER -38.3% TOPSHAM -18% ROXBURY -49.7% BRIDPORT -29.1% FERRISBURGH -12.8% RYEGATE -40.6% VERGENNES -11.4% BARRE TOWN -24.6% WILLIAMSTOWN -3.2% ADDISON -16.5% STARKSBORO -6.4% MONKTON -6.2% GROTON -9.4% BARRE CITY -11.4% NORTHFIELD -37.7% WARREN 0.2% LUNENBURG -19. E. MONTPELIER -14.7% MORETOWN -20.4% PLAINFIELD -37% BERLIN -21.1% WAITSFIELD -6.8% BRISTOL -32.2% NEW HAVEN -11.2% KIRBY 5.7% CALAIS -7.8% DUXBURY -16.7% GUILDHALL -2.3% VICTORY 44.4% LYNDON -7.1% WOODBURY -0.1% WATERBURY -4.3% MIDDLESEX -4.2% HUNTINGTON 5. GRANBY -18.2% WHEELOCK -19.2% STANNARD 20.7% WALDEN -7.4% WORCESTER -16.4% BOLTON -0.8% RICHMOND -9.9% HINESBURG 2.1% E. MONTPELIER -14.3% FAYSTON 6.9% BUELS GORE 40 VERGENNES -24.3% So. BURLINGTON -2.3% WILLISTON -10.2% CHARLOTTE -7. BARNET -18.8% MAIDSTONE -48.1% BURKE 3.6% GREENSBORO 3.2% HARDWICK -3.6% ELMORE -8.2% STOWE 9.6% JERICHO -4.2% SHELBURNE ST. GEORGE -4. 0.9% WATERFORD -1.5% PEACHAM -36.4% MARSHFIELD -12% EAST HAVEN -24. SHEFFIELD -1.7% HYDE PARK 2.3% MORRISTOWN -9.5% UNDERHILL -11.9% UNDERHILL ID -11.9% MONTPELIER -28.4% MORETOWN -28% STARKSBORO -13.2% MONKTON -4.8% FERRISBURGH -5.9% WALTHAM -35.3% LUNENBURG -38.1% CONCORD -4.4% DANVILLE -24.8% CABOT -29.9% CALAIS -34.2% MIDDLESEX -15.2% DUXBURY -13.7% JOHNSON -4.6% WOLCOTT -1.8% ST. JOHNSBURY -29.7% WOODBURY -42.2% WATERBURY -8.7% HUNTINGTON 0.2% SUTTON -2.8% CRAFTSBURY -9.7% CAMBRIDGE 7. ESSEX -4.2% WINOOSKI -1.9% ESSEX JCT ID 2.9% BRUNSWICK -47.8% FERDINAND -66.7% NEWARK -4.4% GLOVER -3.7% BURLINGTON 2.5% KIRBY 18.2% BLOOMFIELD -25. BRIGHTON -21.9% WESTMORE -23.4% BARTON -6.4% ALBANY -10.1% EDEN 11. WESTFORD -19.8% COLCHESTER -4.9% GUILDHALL -55.7% VICTORY 18.2% LYNDON -30.7% WALDEN -0.7% WORCESTER -41.9% BOLTON -5.3% RICHMOND -8.2% HINESBURG -11.6% BROWNINGTON 3.7% ORLEANS ID -13.3% LOWELL 7. WATERVILLE -6.6% MILTON -12.5% SOUTH HERO -16.6% MAIDSTONE -33.3% GRANBY -43.8% WHEELOCK -19.3% STANNARD -9.2% HARDWICK -26.4% ELMORE -17.1% STOWE 12.9% JERICHO -2.8% So. BURLINGTON 6.8% WILLISTON 32.6% SHELBURNE ST. GEORGE 8.2% -22.5% EAST HAVEN -29.8% SHEFFIELD -23.1% HYDE PARK -15.4% MORRISTOWN -15.6% UNDERHILL -18.3% UNDERHILL ID -18.3% BURLINGTON -1.9% CHARLOTTE -4.2% BAKERSFIELD -12.2% FLETCHER 0.8% FAIRFAX -1.7% LEMINGTON -17.4% LEWIS 0. CHARLESTON 2.9% IRASBURG -2.3% FAIRFIELD -15.5% GEORGIA -7.5% GRAND ISLE -9.9% BRUNSWICK -68.7% AVERILL 0. WARNER'S GRANT 0. WARREN's GORE AVERY'S GORE 0. 0. MORGAN -11.2% COVENTRY -4.8% BELVIDERE 5.8% SUTTON -30.1% CRAFTSBURY -27.6% JOHNSON -15.6% CAMBRIDGE -6.6% ESSEX -10.7% WINOOSKI -11.4% ESSEX JCT ID 2.7% ST. ALBANS TOWN ST. ALBANS CITY 5.6% -2.2% BLOOMFIELD -50.9% FERDINAND DERBY -14.2% NEWPORT CITY -4.5% CANAAN -28.8% NORTON 13.5% HOLLAND -19.5% NEWPORT TOWN -17.9% TROY 4.9% NEWARK -27.4% WESTFORD -26.2% COLCHESTER -11.2% JAY 21.3% WESTFIELD -12.8% GLOVER 23.1% MILTON -14.1% SOUTH HERO -37.1% RICHFORD -3.4% ENOSBURGH -15.2% MONTGOMERY -0.1% NORTH HERO -11.8% BRIGHTON -54.1% ALBANY -23.4% EDEN -2% BERKSHIRE -7.8% SHELDON -6.5% SWANTON -7.8% ISLE LA MOTTE -19.4% WESTMORE -36.6% BARTON -31.4% WATERVILLE -25.1% FLETCHER 4.3% FAIRFAX 20.4% FRANKLIN -6. HIGHGATE -9.1% ALBURG -4.9% LEMINGTON -34.5% LEWIS BROWNINGTON -3.8% IRASBURG -5.9% FAIRFIELD -25.7% GEORGIA -5.3% CANAAN -44.4% AVERILL WARNER'S GRANT WARREN's GORE AVERY'S GORE MORGAN -23.1% MONTGOMERY 4.6% GRAND ISLE -5% PANTON -20.4% DERBY -34.9% NEWPORT CITY -23.7% COVENTRY -14.1% WESTFIELD -25.1% NORTON -56.8% HOLLAND 0.7% NEWPORT TOWN -29% TROY -26.9% SHELDON -20.6% SWANTON -12.7% ISLE LA MOTTE -27.6% STAMFORD -8.1% READSBORO -20.3% WHITINGHAM -3.4% HALIFAX -3.9% GUILFORD -47.1% GUILFORD -22.9% VERNON -14.9% VERNON -2 Change over 20 years Change over 5 years Most of our districts are now very small by most standards Average Daily Membership SY 1997 to SY 2014 ADM SY1997 Alburg Franklin Highgate Berkshire Richford ADM SY 2014 Troy Newport TownNewport City Swanton North Hero Isle La Motte Enosburgh Morgan Coventry Westfield Charleston Orleans Brunswick Eden Newark Fletcher Sutton Maidstone Burke Greensboro Westford Wolcott Victory Lyndon Guildhall Walden So. Burlington Williston Lunenburg Danville Over 1800 Waterford Calais Shelburne Barnet Marshfield Moretown Fayston Berlin New Haven Bristol Weybridge Cornwall West Fairlee Fairlee Hancock Bethel Orwell Sharon Stockbridge Chittenden Sudbury Strafford Bethel Hubbardton Pittsfield Sharon Stockbridge Chittenden Norwich Norwich Pomfret Castleton Fair Haven W. Rutland Hartford Killington Proctor West Haven Mendon Rutland City Woodstock Hartland Ira Clarendon Shrewsbury Poultney Plymouth Reading Middletown Springs Wells Tinmouth Wallingford Danby West Windsor Windsor Weathersfield Landgrove Dorset Peru Sandgate Manchester Winhall Springfield Chester Grafton Dorset Townshend Stratton Wardsboro Westminster Brookline Putney Shaftsbury Sandgate Manchester Arlington Sunderland 75,000 Woodford Stamford Wilmington Halifax Vernon **Two Rivers was not an SU in 1997** Athens Stamford Readsboro Whitingham Westminster Brookline Putney Newfane Bennington Woodford Searsburg Wilmington Marlboro Pownal Guilford Dover N. Bennington ADM Total Marlboro Brattleboro Whitingham Springfield Grafton Rockingham Townshend Stratton Wardsboro Searsburg Readsboro Windham Winhall Shaftsbury Dummerston Pownal Weathersfield Chester Andover Peru Jamaica 80,000 Newfane Bennington Cavendish Baltimore Landgrove Dover N. Bennington Mount Holly Mount Tabor Londonderry Rockingham 85,000 Sunderland Danby Rupert Weston 95,000 Athens Jamaica Arlington Tinmouth Wallingford Pawlet 90,000 Londonderry Windham Reading West WindsorWindsor Ludlow 100,000 Andover Hartford Hartland Plymouth 105,000 Baltimore Weston Rupert 110,000 Wells Cavendish Mount Tabor Clarendon Shrewsbury Middletown Springs Mount Holly Ludlow Pawlet Pomfret Killington Proctor West Haven Castleton Bridgewater Fair Haven W. RutlandRutland City Mendon Woodstock Rutland Town Bridgewater Rutland Town Ira Poultney Barnard Benson Hubbardton Pittsford Pittsford Thetford Royalton Brandon Barnard Benson Vershire West FairleeFairlee Tunbridge Rochester Whiting Leicester Goshen Thetford Royalton Pittsfield Bradford Randolph Hancock Shoreham Strafford Goshen Brandon Corinth Chelsea Braintree Salisbury Tunbridge Rochester Leicester Sudbury Wells River Newbury Washington Granville Ripton Cornwall Vershire Randolph Salisbury Shoreham Whiting Middlebury Bridport Ryegate Topsham Brookfield Chelsea Braintree Groton Orange Williamstown Roxbury Bradford Granville Ripton Plainfield Barre Town Warren Lincoln Weybridge Corinth Brookfield Middlebury Orwell Bristol New Haven Addison Barnet Barre City Northfield PantonWaltham Newbury Washington Berlin Waitsfield Vergennes Wells River Topsham Williamstown Roxbury Concord Waterford Peacham Marshfield E. Montpelier Fayston Ferrisburgh Orange Warren Lincoln Bridport Monkton Starksboro Ryegate Barre Town Northfield Waltham Groton Barre City Waitsfield Vergennes Danville Cabot Calais Middlesex Moretown Montpelier Plainfield Starksboro Monkton Ferrisburgh Panton Lunenburg St. Johnsbury Woodbury Waterbury Duxbury Guildhall Kirby Walden Worcester Bolton Hinesburg Huntington Charlotte Montpelier Maidstone Granby Victory Lyndon Stannard Hardwick Elmore Stowe East Haven Burke Wheelock Morristown Underhill Jericho E. Montpelier Addison Brunswick Newark Sutton Sheffield Greensboro Richmond St. George Peacham Middlesex Duxbury Brighton Westmore Barton Glover Craftsbury Hyde Park So. BurlingtonWilliston Concord Cabot Waterbury Huntington Lemington Bloomfield Albany Eden Johnson Essex Burlington Essex Jct Winooski 1251-1800 St. Johnsbury Woodbury Worcester Bolton Richmond Hinesburg Lowell Waterville Cambridge Westford 1001-1250 Kirby Charlotte Bakersfield Fairfax Fletcher Morgan Coventry Charleston Brownington Irasburg Orleans Wolcott Stannard Elmore Stowe Milton 751-1000 Granby Hardwick Essex Jericho Georgia Canaan Derby TroyNewport Town Newport City Westfield Montgomery Belvidere Grand Isle South Hero Norton Holland Jay Enosburgh Fairfield Wheelock Morristown Underhill Burlington Winooski Essex Jct Shelburne St. George East Haven Sheffield Hyde Park Richford Sheldon St. Albans Town St. Albans City 501-750 Glover Craftsbury Johnson Cambridge Berkshire 201-500 Westmore Barton Albany Waterville Fairfax Franklin Highgate Swanton Isle La MotteNorth Hero Under 200 Bloomfield Brighton Lowell Belvidere Milton Lemington Alburg ADM Totals by District Brownington Irasburg Fairfield Bakersfield Georgia South Hero Canaan Derby Montgomery St. Albans Town St. Albans City Grand Isle Norton Holland Jay Sheldon Halifax Dummerston Brattleboro Guilford Vernon ADM Data: Vermont AOE Finance, Brad James. GIS: Vermont AOE DART, Brian Borowski 8/29/2014 8

How Does Our Funding Formula Work for Small Districts? Small district sees a big increase in per student spending with even a small new expense or the loss of a few students. $12,597 per pupil spend District rate 1.36 Both districts start: $12K per pupil spend District rate 1.29 Small District 80 kids Big District 1,000 kids Lose 3 students! Sudden expense! $10k bathroom renovation $12,046 per pupil spend District rate 1.30 Large district spreads changes over a larger base of students. Educational Spending 2014 Grand Isle Franklin NW Franklin C. Franklin NE North Country Essex N Per ADM spending is high in different areas for different reasons. Orleans C. Franklin W. Lamoille N. Milton Caledonia N. Chittenden C. Orleans SW Essex Essex-Cal. Burlington Lamoille S. So. Burling. St. J. Chittenden E Washington C. Caledonia C. Chittenden S Washington NE Washington W. Montpelier Blue Mtn PER ADM SPENDING Barre Addison NE Addison NW $11,742 - $12,500 Washington S. Orange N. Orange E. $12,500 - $13,750 $13,750 - $15,250 Addison C. Orange SW Rivendell $15,250 - $18,100 Windsor NW Orange-Win Orange E. Rutland NE Norwich Adsn-Rtlnd Hartford Rutland C. Windsor C. Rutland City Rutland SW Rutland S. Windsor SW Burlington Area Two Rivers Grand Isle Milton Springfield Chittenden C. Ben-Rutlnd Battenkill Windham NE Essex BurlingtonWinooski SW Vermont Windham C. Windham SE So. Burling. Chittenden S Windham SW Chittenden E 9

Grand Isle Addison C. Adsn-Rtlnd Franklin NW Franklin W. Milton Chittenden C. Essex Burlington So. Burling. Chittenden E Chittenden S Franklin C. Addison NW Addison NE Rutland NE Rutland C. Rutland City Windsor NW Rutland SWRutland S. Student Teacher Ratios Franklin NE Lamoille N. Lamoille S. Washington W. Montpelier Orange SW Windsor C. Student:Teacher Ratio 2014 North Country Orleans SW Washington S. Orange N. Orange-Win Orleans C. Blue Mtn Orange E. Rivendell Caledonia N. St. J. Caledonia C. Washington C. Washington NE Barre Windsor SW Norwich Hartford Orange E. Essex N Essex-Cal. Student:Teacher Ratio 2014 7.5-9.0 9.1-11.0 11.1-14.2 Burlington Area Milton Many places with the low student to teacher ratios are also places with greater ADM declines. Two Rivers Essex Ben-Rutlnd Springfield BurlingtonWinooski Chittenden C. Battenkill Windham NE So. Burling. SW Vermont Windham C. Windham SE Chittenden S Chittenden E Windham SW School districts were aligned to 2014 SU boundaries for data accuracy Thought Exercise (of course, real life is not this simple) Our student- to- staff ratio is about 4.67 to 1. If, through planned retirements, the statewide ratio were increased to 5 to 1, we would hypothetically save an estimated $74 million dollars annually. 1.150 Estimated expenditures on salaries and benefits, in billions of $ 1.100 1.050 1.000 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 0.950 1 2 3 4 5 Staff to Student Ratio 10

Stability Indicators We have an aging population (second oldest in the nation). This means: Fewer voters with children in schools, and Fewer voters contributing to the working economy. Different strategies for different regions: Tuitioning districts and operating districts Alburg Grand Isle South Hero Pawlet Rupert Georgia Milton ID Highgate Swanton Isle La Motte North Hero St. Albans Town St. Albans City Danby Dorset Fairfax Westford Franklin Sheldon Fairfield Fletcher Mt. Tabor Cambridge Underhill ID Essex TownUnderhill ID BurlingtonEssex Junction ID Jericho South BurlingtonWilliston Shelburne Richmond St. George Bolton Mt. Holly Weston Landgrove Peru Berkshire Johnson Stowe Waterbury Richford Morristown Chester Eden Jay Enosburg Falls ID Westfield Montgomery Elmore Lowell Wolcott Calais Hartford Proctor Killington West Haven Castleton Bridgewater Fair Haven West Rutland Rutland City Mendon Woodstock Rutland Town Hartland Ira Poultney ClarendonShrewsbury Plymouth Reading Middletown Springs West Windsor Windsor Cavendish Ludlow Weathersfield Springfield Canaan Norton Holland Derby TroyNewport Town Averill Warren's Gore Newport City Avery's Gore Morgan Coventry Warner's Grant Lemington Lewis Charleston Brownington Irasburg Orleans ID Bloomfield Brighton Albany Cabot Glover Walden Sutton Lyndon Newark Burke St. Johnsbury Danville Hinesburg Peacham Huntington Middlesex Charlotte Marshfield Barnet Duxbury East Montpelier Moretown Montpelier Plainfield MonktonStarksboro Groton Fayston Ryegate Ferrisburgh Buel's Gore BerlinBarre City Waitsfield Barre Town Vergennes ID Orange Wells River PantonWaltham Northfield Bristol Topsham New Haven Warren Williamstown Newbury Lincoln Addison Roxbury Washington Weybridge Brookfield Corinth Middlebury ID Bradford ID Granville Bridport Ripton Chelsea Cornwall Braintree VershireWest Fairlee Randolph Salisbury Hancock Fairlee Shoreham Tunbridge Whiting LeicesterGoshen Rochester Strafford Bethel Thetford Orwell Royalton Sudbury Brandon Pittsfield Sharon Chittenden Stockbridge Norwich Barnard Benson Hubbardton Pittsford Pomfret Wells TinmouthWallingford Districts That Tuition Out Students Bakersfield Waterville Belvidere Andover Hyde Park Worcester Baltimore Craftsbury Hardwick Woodbury Greensboro Barton ID Stannard Sheffield Wheelock Westmore Kirby Waterford South Hero Victory Concord FerdinandBrunswick East Haven Granby Burlington Lunenburg Maidstone Guildhall Tuition District Burlington Area Winooski ID Regular Dist. Tuition District Milton ID Essex Town Essex Junction ID Westford Londonderry Grafton Sandgate Manchester Windham Rockingham Winhall Athens Jamaica Arlington Sunderland Stratton Townshend Westminster South Burlington Williston Wardsboro Brookline Putney ShaftsburyGlastenbury Somerset Newfane Dover North Bennington ID Dummerston Searsburg Bennington IDWoodford Wilmington Marlboro Brattleboro Shelburne St. George Richmond Hinesburg Pownal Readsboro Stamford Whitingham Halifax Guilford Vernon 11

Challenges: Operating Districts VOICE: Voters vote on what to spend and how to spend it. CHOICE: Typically maximize student choice through broadening programs, increasing scale, transformative use of technology, forming a union (e.g. CVU or Mountain RED) or collaborating or sharing staff with neighboring districts. RISK/FINANCIAL CERTAINTY: Particularly for small schools at the secondary level, cost pressures associated with declining enrollment can be acute. Costs and cuts can be shared across all operational units. Scale affects the breadth of opportunities you can provide onsite Course offerings in two middle schools which feed into the same high school: School A: School B: Language Arts (grade 7) 3 sections Language Arts (grade 7) 1 section Language Arts (grade 8) 3 sections Language Arts (grade 8) 1 section Mathematics (grade 7) 3 sections Mathematics (grade 7) 1 section Mathematics (grade 8) 3 sections Mathematics (grade 8) 1 section Algebra I 1 section Science 6 sections Science 1 section per grade Social Studies 6 sections Social Studies 1 section per grade Art 20 sections Art Physical Education Physical Education French Concert Band Chorus Music Health Education Industrial Arts Family and Consumer Science 19 sections 2 sections 2 sections 20 sections 20 sections 20 sections 20 sections 12

Scale shapes how districts choose to educate. Imagine two schools: School A School B Ed Spending per EqPup 13,413.10 $13,499.30 Actual Homestead Tax Rate 1.428 1.4181 School Size 300 90 Scale affects the breadth of opportunities you can provide onsite. School A: School B: Science Earth Science Biology Biology Other Chemistry Physics AP Physics B AP Environmental Science Technical Science Life and Physical Sciences Proficiency Development Life and Physical Sciences Independent Study Science: Biology Physical Science Forensics 13

Challenges: Towns that tuition at all or some levels VOICE: Voters do not vote on tuition or governance of receiving schools. CHOICE: For most, parents choose where to send children. RISK/FINANCIAL CERTAINTY: Dependent on tuition decisions made in other towns or in independent schools. Changes in enrollment can have a big impact on the budget and on program at the elementary level. Challenges in tuitioning districts: Tuition rates Even though student and staff counts may decrease, spending per pupil can increase due to increased tuition rates. Students & Staff Ed Spend per EqPup 250 16,000 200 14,000 12,000 150 100 50 K- 8, school 9-12, tui4oned School Staff 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 - FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 14

Challenges in tuitioning districts: Proportionally more secondary students than elementary students Costs can also rise as more students for whom tuition must be paid move into the district. If a budget fails, only local school costs can be reduced. Students & Staff Ed Spend per EqPup 250 16,000 200 14,000 12,000 150 100 50 K- 8, school 9-12, tui4oned School Staff 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 - FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 Schools and teachers don t get be]er in isola4on. They get be]er by ge^ng feedback and exposure to new ideas that enable them to improve. 15

Critical Questions q Has your budget failed on the first try in the last two years? q Do you have declining enrollments? q Have you had significant or recurring turnover in leadership? q Are you offering your students less today than you did ten years ago? q When you discuss your budget are you talking what programs to trim, rather than how to improve opportunities for children? We face risk, but also great opportunity: How can we best provide high quality, stable schools for our children? 16