China-Africa Education Cooperation Under the Framework of FOCAC NIU Changsong Institute of African Studies Zhejiang Normal University
Structure of 1. Overall History of China s Development Assistance 2. What is FOCAC? 3. Rationales of Sino-African Education Cooperation 4. Institutional Framework of China s Education Assistance 5. Contents of China-Africa Education Cooperation 6. Some Challenges and Problems
1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1. Overall History of China s Development Assistance 1200.0 Trend of China s Foreign Assistance (million USD) 1113.0 1000.0 911.6 800.0 600.0 400.0 200.0 0.0 120.2 17.5 340.4 287.7 185.4 118.9 40.7 102.8 435.7 10.3 349.8 474.0 251.6 367.6 235.5 127.3 22.3 495.0 690.9 590.0 336.0 501.3 114.4 80.1 41.8 198.3 275.9 157.3 149.9 150.1 476.3 272.0 303.6 248.6 60.4 223.5 733.4 631.9 604.1 569.0 554.4 473.5 449.3 428.2 387.3 347.2 334.2 321.1 345.0 302.9 374.6 Bandung conference Suspension of aid from USSR 8 principles of aid Completion of TAZARA railway Reform and opening up policy Source:Takaaki Kobayashi. Evolution of China s Aid Policy. JBIC Institute. April 2008. (unit:million USD) Establishment of FOCAC MOFCOM established
The first phase(1950-1978) China s Eight Principles of Economic and Technical Assistance.docx 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 China's foreign aid from 1950-1978 (million USD) 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Ceasefire of Korean war 8 principles of aid Bandung conference Accession to the UN Ministry of Foreign Economic Liaison gain international support solidify its independence other socialist countries liberation struggles of African countries whole sets of equipment assistance and technical assistance completion of TAZARA Railway Reform and Opening up policy
The second phase(1979-1994) 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 China's Foreign Aid from 1979-1994 (million USD) 4 Principles of China-Africa cooperation 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 reform and opening up policy domestic economic development Four Principles of China-Africa economic and technical cooperation preferential and discounted aid, cooperative and joint ventures for projects End of Cold War
The Third Phase (1995-now) 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 China's Foreign Aid from 1995-2005 (million USD) Establishment of FOCAC 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 increase the amount of aid fund concessional loan framework agreement with 16 African countries. establishment of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Establishment of MOFCOM
2. What is FOCAC? Time Place Documents Education Cooperation 2000 Beijing Beijing Declaration of the FOCAC 2003 Addis Ababa Programme for China-Africa Cooperation in Economic and Social development The FOCAC Addis Ababa Action Plan (2004-2006) 2006 Beijing Declaration of the Beijing Summit of the FOCAC 2009 Sharm El Sheikh FOCAC Beijing Action Plan(2007-2009) Declaration of Sharm El Sheikh of the FOCAC FOCAC Sharm El Sheikh Action Plan (2010-2012) scholarships to African students training professionals working out country-specific training plans training 10,000 personnel teacher exchange new scholarships higher education and TVET cooperation 100 rural schools 300 young volunteers 4000 scholarships per year by 2009 training educational officials and teachers Confucius Institute 50 friendship schools 20+20 Universities Cooperation MPA programs 5500 scholarships per year by 2012 train school teachers Confucius Institute
3. Rationales of China-Africa Education Cooperation South-South cooperation on development aims to observe the principle of non-interference in internal affairs, equality among developing partners and respect for their independence, national sovereignty, cultural diversity and identity and local content. It plays an important role in international development cooperation and is a valuable complement, to North-South cooperation. no governance conditionalites noninterference principle experience sharing bilateral cooperation and negotiation mutual benefits
4. Institutional Framework of China s education assistance Chinese Central Gov. State Council MOE MOF MOFCOM Department of Foreign Aid MFA FOCAC China Exim Bank Economic Counsellor Chinese Embassy Hanban Confucius Institute DoICE 20+20 Cooperation seminar Chinese firms School construction Scholarship human resources training China scholarship council African countries
5. Contents of China-Africa Education Cooperation Human Resources Development Cooperation In the context of FOCAC, China offers a range of short-term training courses for African countries, covering more than 20 areas of politics, education, agriculture, medicine, environmental protection, public policy, fishing industry, medicinal plants, economy, energy, IT, press and so on. By June of 2010, China had provided training programs for over 30,000 people from African countries.
other universit ies MOE MOFCOM Foreign aid resource bases Short-term training African government officials professional technicians seminar site visits Other ministries AIBO training centres overseas training
Chinese Government Scholarship 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Number of African Students studying in China Since the 1950s, China has started to receive African students to study in China. During the last five decades, China has provided government scholarships to 50 African counties and nearly 30,000 African students have got their further study in China. At present, the Chinese government offers about 5,000 scholarships to African students each year.
senior scholar 0.6% general scholar 2.3% doctoral degree 14.9% undergraduagte 41.4% master's degree 40.8% Categories of Chinese Government Scholarship for African Students in 2010 In 2010, 5710 African students were awarded Chinese Government Scholarships, 2334 of whom studied for master s degree and 850 of whom studied for doctoral degree.
English-medium programs Peking University 北京大学 Tsinghua University 清华大学 East China Normal University 华东师范大学 SUN YAT-SEN University 中山大学 China Foreign Affairs University 外交学院 Communication University of China 中国传媒大学 Master s Program in Public Administration for Developing Countries Master s Program in Public Administration for Developing Countries Master s program in Education for developing countries Master s Program in Public Administration for Developing Countries Master s program in International Relation for Developing Countries Master s program in International Communication for Developing Countries
Chinese language teaching Chinese university Chinese scholarships Hanban 汉办 Grants Teaching materials Teachers and volunteers Chinese language learning cultural activities Chinese Bridge Competition African university There currently are 21 Confucius Institutes and 5 Confucius Classrooms in Africa. Confucius Institutes in Africa.docx
School construction project Ethio-China Polytechnic College (ECPC) China has built its largest education project so far in Africa, a large Ethio-China Polytechnic College (ECPC) in Addis Ababa. 2005-2007- 2008-2009- RMB 90,000,000( RMB 7,000,000 for equipment) 23,000sqm 14 buildings:53 classrooms, 5 computer labs, 53 workshops, 50 offices, 1 library, 1 reading room and 1 multifunctional hall,2 student flats students: 517 staff: 110 (15 from China)
7 Disciplines 机械技术 ( Mechanics Technology ) 汽车应用技术 ( Automotive Technology ) 电气技术 ( Electrics Technology ) 电子技术 (Electronics Technology ) 现代纺织技术 ( Modern Textiles Technology ) 服装技术 ( Garment Technology ) 计算机应用技术 ( Computer Science Technology
107 African rural schools
Higher Education Cooperation in the 1980s Higher Education and Science and Research Project improve discipline system cultivate scientific and technical talents dispatch 160 teachers and researchers 23 advanced laboratories e.g. Microbiology laboratory at University of Yaounde I e.g. the cooperation centre for horticulture technology at Egerton University e.g. the center for agro-food research in University of Bouaké.
China-Africa 20+20 Higher Education Cooperation Plan in 2009 China-Africa 20+20 Partnership Institutions.docx one-to-one inter-institutional collaboration three- year cooperation plan (2010-2012) financial support from MOE same amount of matching grants from Chinese partner university diverse linkages activities
6. Problems and Challenges How China enhances its national image through educational cooperation and cultural exchange. How Chinese higher education reforms and enhances its capacity to serve the practice of Sino-African education cooperation. How China cooperates and coordinates with other donors in the education sector and builds partner network. How China coordinates the different ministries and agencies which involve in China-Africa cooperation. How China develops its evaluation mechanism to facilitate the sustainability of China-Africa education cooperation.
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