JANUARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT

REPORT HIGHLIGHTS UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT North Dakota had a total of 11,310 open and available online job openings in January 2018, a change of -0.3 percent (-39) from the prior month and +0.6 percent (+70) from the same month one year ago. Newer job openings, those posted within the last 30 days, accounted for 65.1 percent of all job openings. A typical entry-level education was assigned to 73.6 percent of all job openings. Of those openings, 59.3 percent had a typical entry-level education of a high school diploma or equivalent or no educational credential. The remaining job openings required some sort of postsecondary education or credential. Among the 22 non-military major occupational groups, Healthcare Practitioners and Technical reported the largest number of job openings (1,727), followed by Transportation and Material Moving (959) and Office and Administrative Support (931). Eleven occupational groups reported an over-the-year increase in job openings, while eleven reported an over-the-year decrease and zero remained constant. Production was the occupational group reporting the largest over-the-year increase in job openings with a change of +227. The occupational group reporting the largest over-the-year decrease was Food Preparation and Serving Related (-327). Among North Dakota's 53 counties, 27 reported an over-the-year increase in job openings, while 24 reported an over-the-year decrease and 2 remained constant. Stark County reported the largest over-the-year increase in job openings with a change of +254. Grand Forks County reported the largest over-the-year decrease with a change of -344. Cass County reported the largest number of job openings (3,506), followed by Burleigh County (1,484) and Grand Forks County (947). North Dakota had a total of 6,646 active résumés in January 2018, a change of -3.3 percent (-224) from the prior month and -11.2 percent (-838) from the same month one year ago. Active résumés consist of those posted or updated within the last 90 days. There were a total of 6,029 in-state active résumés and 617 out-of-state active résumés. In-state active résumés accounted for 90.7 percent of all active résumés while the remaining 9.3 percent are out-of-state active résumés. The employment status of active résumé candidates is also tracked. Of all active résumés, 60.4 percent indicate they are currently not working or unemployed. Among the 22 non-military major occupational groups, Office and Administrative Support reported the largest number of active résumés (1,403), followed by Construction and Extraction (758) and Management (643). Six occupational groups reported an overthe-year increase in active résumés, while sixteen reported an over-the-year decrease and zero remained constant. Computer and Mathematical was the occupational group reporting the largest over-the-year increase in active résumés with a change of +34. The occupational group reporting the largest over-the-year decrease was Office and Administrative Support (-200). Among North Dakota's 53 counties, 13 reported an over-the-year increase in active résumés, while 37 reported an over-the-year decrease and 3 remained constant. Cass County reported the largest over-the-year increase in active résumés with a change of +57. Ward County reported the largest over-the-year decrease with a change of -222. Cass County reported the largest number of active résumés (1,349), followed by Burleigh County (996) and Ward County (743). North Dakota s rate of active résumés per job opening was 0.53 in January 2018. One year prior, North Dakota s rate was 0.59. Nineteen of 22 non-military major occupational groups reported a rate of less than one, while three occupational groups reported a rate greater than one and zero reported a rate equal to one. One year ago, eighteen occupational groups reported a rate less than one. Among North Dakota's 53 counties, 45 reported a rate less than one, while 6 reported a rate greater than one and 1 reported a rate equal to one. North Dakota s rate of unemployed per job opening was 0.95 in December 2017, the latest month for which North Dakota data are available. One year prior, North Dakota s rate was 1.02. The U.S. rate of unemployed per job opening was 1.11 in November 2017, the latest month for which U.S. data are available. One year prior, the U.S. rate was 1.31. For comparison, North Dakota's November 2017 rate was 0.80. Among North Dakota's 53 counties, 15 reported a rate less than one in December 2017, while 36 reported a rate greater than one and 1 reported a rate equal to one. North Dakota s job openings rate was 2.5 percent in December 2017, the latest month for which North Dakota data are available. One year prior, North Dakota s rate was 2.8 percent. The job openings rate is the percentage of all jobs in the economy open and available. A higher rate is an indicator of increased job opportunities for seekers. The U.S. job openings rate was 3.7 percent in November 2017, the latest month for which U.S. data are available. One year prior, the U.S. rate was 3.5 percent. For comparison, North Dakota's November 2017 rate was 2.6 percent. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 1

JOB OPENINGS UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT [ALL JOB OPENINGS] 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 YEAR-OVER-YEAR PERCENT CHANGE IN JOB OPENINGS 40.0 20.0 0.0-20.0-40.0 RECENT JOB M/M M/M Y/Y Y/Y 12 MO M/M M/M Y/Y Y/Y TREND OPENINGS # CHG % CHG # CHG % CHG MOV AVG # CHG % CHG # CHG % CHG AUG 2016 12,848 +691 +5.7-3,396-20.9 13,628-283 -2.0-4,457-24.6 SEP 2016 13,371 +523 +4.1-2,800-17.3 13,394-234 -1.7-4,364-24.6 OCT 2016 12,245-1,126-8.4-3,318-21.3 13,119-275 -2.1-4,326-24.8 NOV 2016 12,643 +398 +3.3-2,215-14.9 12,933-186 -1.4-4,218-24.6 DEC 2016 12,471-172 -1.4-147 -1.2 12,922-11 -0.1-3,801-22.7 2017 11,240-1,231-9.9-1,299-10.4 12,812-110 -0.9-3,676-22.3 FEB 2017 12,946 +1,706 +15.2 +429 +3.4 12,847 +35 +0.3-3,326-20.6 MAR 2017 13,541 +595 +4.6-466 -3.3 12,809-38 -0.3-3,030-19.1 APR 2017 13,502-39 -0.3-300 -2.2 12,784-25 -0.2-2,546-16.6 MAY 2017 12,638-864 -6.4-1,049-7.7 12,695-89 -0.7-2,138-14.4 JUN 2017 11,411-1,227-9.7-1,335-10.5 12,587-108 -0.9-1,784-12.4 JUL 2017 10,948-463 -4.1-1,209-9.9 12,489-98 -0.8-1,422-10.2 AUG 2017 11,959 +1,011 +9.2-889 -6.9 12,409-80 -0.6-1,219-8.9 SEP 2017 11,809-150 -1.3-1,562-11.7 12,284-125 -1.0-1,110-8.3 OCT 2017 12,254 +445 +3.8 +9 +0.1 12,283-1 0.0-836 -6.4 NOV 2017 11,663-591 -4.8-980 -7.8 12,200-83 -0.7-733 -5.7 DEC 2017 11,349-314 -2.7-1,122-9.0 12,107-93 -0.8-815 -6.3 2018 11,310-39 -0.3 +70 +0.6 12,112 +5 0.0-700 -5.5 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 2

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT DISTRIBUTION OF JOB OPENINGS BY DURATION STATUS (%) [ALL JOB OPENINGS] Job openings include all open and available online openings posted no more than 90 days prior but still active during the reference period. Job openings can be separated by newer openings (open and available for 30 days or less) versus older openings (open and available for 31 to 90 days). 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% <=30 Days 31-90 Days <=30 DAYS 2018 65.1 LAST MONTH 65.2 LAST YEAR 66.8 31-90 DAYS 2018 34.9 LAST MONTH 34.8 LAST YEAR 33.2 10% 0% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 DISTRIBUTION OF JOB OPENINGS BY TYPICAL ENTRY-LEVEL EDUCATION [ALL JOB OPENINGS] Typical entry-level education describes the level of education that most workers need to enter an occupation, and takes into consideration advertised education requirement preferences. The Labor Market Information Center is able to assign a typical entry-level education category to most job openings (73.6 percent of North Dakota job openings have been assigned a typical entrylevel education category), but some are tagged as 'unassigned' due to missing or incomplete occupational codes. High school diploma or equivalent or no educational credential 59.3% Bachelor's degree or higher 24.6% Postsecondary nondegree award or Associate's degree 16.1% The 'Unassigned' category is excluded from the pie chart 2018 TOTAL 11,310 DOC OR PROF 222 MASTER'S 311 BACHELOR'S 1,518 ASSOCIATE'S 259 POSTSEC AWARD 1,084 HIGH SCHOOL 2,490 NO EDU CRED 2,439 UNASSIGNED 2,987 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 3

DISTRIBUTION OF JOB OPENINGS BY TYPICAL TRAINING UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT [ALL JOB OPENINGS] Typical training describes any additional training or preparation that is typically needed, once employed in an occupation, to attain competency in the skills needed in that occupation. The Labor Market Information Center is able to assign a typical training category to most job openings (73.6 percent of North Dakota job openings have been assigned a typical training category), but some are tagged as 'unassigned' due to missing or incomplete occupational codes. No Training 32.6% Internship or residency 3.3% Apprenticeship 1.0% Long-term, on-the-job training 3.6% Moderate-term, on-the-job training 21.1% 2018 TOTAL 11,310 INTERN OR RES 273 APPRENTICESHIP 80 LT OJT 301 MT OJT 1,759 ST OJT 3,199 NO TRAINING 2,711 UNASSIGNED 2,987 Short-term, on-the-job training 38.4% The 'Unassigned' category is excluded from the pie chart DISTRIBUTION OF JOB OPENINGS BY TYPICAL AVERAGE WAGE [ALL JOB OPENINGS] Typical average wage describes the average hourly wage paid to workers employed in specific occupations as outlined from the latest OES survey results. The typical average wage should not be interpreted as advertised wages for job openings; it only describes average wages paid to workers already employed. The Labor Market Information Center is able to assign a typical average wage to most job openings (72.2 percent of North Dakota job openings have been assigned a typical average wage), but some are tagged as 'unassigned' due to missing or incomplete occupational codes. Less than $10.00 per hour 0.8% $10.00-$14.99 per hour 19.3% $15.00-$19.99 per hour 30.5% $30.00+ per hour 17.1% $25.00-$29.99 per hour $20.00-$24.99 per hour 11.6% The 'Unassigned' category is excluded from the pie chart 2018 TOTAL 11,310 $30+ 1,396 $25.00-$29.99 1,691 $20.00-$24.99 948 $15.00-$19.99 2,492 $10.00-$14.99 1,579 LESS THAN $10 58 UNASSIGNED 3,146 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 4

JOB OPENINGS RATE (%) UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT [ALL JOB OPENINGS] The job openings rate is the percentage of all jobs in the economy open and available. A higher rate is an indicator of increased demand from employers resulting in more opportunities for job seekers. The latest month available for North Dakota is December 2017. The latest month available for the U.S. is November 2017. 5.0% 4.5% 4.0% 3.5% US ND NORTH DAKOTA DEC 2017 2.5 LAST MONTH 2.6 LAST YEAR 2.8 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% UNITED STATES NOV 2017 3.7 LAST MONTH 4.0 LAST YEAR 3.5 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% DEC 2012 DEC 2013 DEC 2014 DEC 2015 DEC 2016 DEC 2017 UNEMPLOYED PER JOB OPENING [ALL JOB OPENINGS] Unemployed per job opening is a rate of the number of unemployed persons divided by job openings. A rate less than one indicates more job openings than local labor supply; a rate greater than one indicates more local labor supply than job openings. The latest month available for North Dakota is December 2017. The latest month available for the U.S. is November 2017. 4.0 3.5 3.0 US ND NORTH DAKOTA DEC 2017 0.95 LAST MONTH 0.80 LAST YEAR 1.02 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 UNITED STATES NOV 2017 1.11 LAST MONTH 1.01 LAST YEAR 1.31 0.5 0.0 DEC 2012 DEC 2013 DEC 2014 DEC 2015 DEC 2016 DEC 2017 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 5

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT JOB OPENINGS BY OCCUPATION GROUP [ALL JOB OPENINGS] 2,000 2017 2018 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 [SOC CODE] OCCUPATION GROUP DEC M/M M/M Y/Y Y/Y 2017 2017 2018 # CHG % CHG # CHG % CHG [11] Management 625 676 694 +18 +2.7 +69 +11.0 [13] Business and Financial Operations 401 433 400-33 -7.6-1 -0.2 [15] Computer and Mathematical 328 417 395-22 -5.3 +67 +20.4 [17] Architecture and Engineering 204 365 314-51 -14.0 +110 +53.9 [19] Life, Physical, and Social Science 115 107 94-13 -12.1-21 -18.3 [21] Community and Social Service 156 168 182 +14 +8.3 +26 +16.7 [23] Legal 22 15 8-7 -46.7-14 -63.6 [25] Education, Training, and Library 195 273 235-38 -13.9 +40 +20.5 [27] Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media 225 210 227 +17 +8.1 +2 +0.9 [29] Healthcare Practitioners and Technical 1,775 1,730 1,727-3 -0.2-48 -2.7 [31] Healthcare Support 422 393 312-81 -20.6-110 -26.1 [33] Protective Service 158 133 152 +19 +14.3-6 -3.8 [35] Food Preparation and Serving Related 907 837 580-257 -30.7-327 -36.1 [37] Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance 194 246 386 +140 +56.9 +192 +99.0 [39] Personal Care and Service 220 226 210-16 -7.1-10 -4.5 [41] Sales and Related 1,133 956 900-56 -5.9-233 -20.6 [43] Office and Administrative Support 1,010 1,150 931-219 -19.0-79 -7.8 [45] Farming, Fishing, and Forestry 755 360 735 +375 +104.2-20 -2.6 [47] Construction and Extraction 463 344 602 +258 +75.0 +139 +30.0 [49] Installation, Maintenance, and Repair 556 548 577 +29 +5.3 +21 +3.8 [51] Production 412 595 639 +44 +7.4 +227 +55.1 [53] Transportation and Material Moving 870 1,101 959-142 -12.9 +89 +10.2 [55] Military Specific 6 4 5 +1 +25.0-1 -16.7 Not Classified 88 62 46-16 -25.8-42 -47.7 TOTAL 11,240 11,349 11,310-39 -0.3 +70 +0.6 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 6

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT JOB OPENINGS BY OCCUPATION GROUP [JOB OPENINGS <=30 DAYS] 1,400 2017 2018 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 [SOC CODE] OCCUPATION GROUP DEC M/M M/M Y/Y Y/Y 2017 2017 2018 # CHG % CHG # CHG % CHG [11] Management 380 416 464 +48 +11.5 +84 +22.1 [13] Business and Financial Operations 266 300 261-39 -13.0-5 -1.9 [15] Computer and Mathematical 185 269 213-56 -20.8 +28 +15.1 [17] Architecture and Engineering 124 238 181-57 -23.9 +57 +46.0 [19] Life, Physical, and Social Science 65 81 52-29 -35.8-13 -20.0 [21] Community and Social Service 120 94 119 +25 +26.6-1 -0.8 [23] Legal 14 8 7-1 -12.5-7 -50.0 [25] Education, Training, and Library 109 207 134-73 -35.3 +25 +22.9 [27] Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media 130 161 145-16 -9.9 +15 +11.5 [29] Healthcare Practitioners and Technical 1,298 1,022 1,042 +20 +2.0-256 -19.7 [31] Healthcare Support 323 243 219-24 -9.9-104 -32.2 [33] Protective Service 116 103 101-2 -1.9-15 -12.9 [35] Food Preparation and Serving Related 517 304 356 +52 +17.1-161 -31.1 [37] Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance 144 151 287 +136 +90.1 +143 +99.3 [39] Personal Care and Service 125 154 129-25 -16.2 +4 +3.2 [41] Sales and Related 655 629 597-32 -5.1-58 -8.9 [43] Office and Administrative Support 728 862 656-206 -23.9-72 -9.9 [45] Farming, Fishing, and Forestry 523 266 457 +191 +71.8-66 -12.6 [47] Construction and Extraction 320 241 435 +194 +80.5 +115 +35.9 [49] Installation, Maintenance, and Repair 390 333 382 +49 +14.7-8 -2.1 [51] Production 287 479 402-77 -16.1 +115 +40.1 [53] Transportation and Material Moving 624 796 690-106 -13.3 +66 +10.6 [55] Military Specific 5 2 5 +3 +150.0 0 0.0 Not Classified 56 39 28-11 -28.2-28 -50.0 TOTAL 7,504 7,398 7,362-36 -0.5-142 -1.9 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 7

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT JOB OPENINGS BY OCCUPATION GROUP [JOB OPENINGS 31-90 DAYS] 800 2017 2018 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 [SOC CODE] OCCUPATION GROUP DEC M/M M/M Y/Y Y/Y 2017 2017 2018 # CHG % CHG # CHG % CHG [11] Management 245 260 230-30 -11.5-15 -6.1 [13] Business and Financial Operations 135 133 139 +6 +4.5 +4 +3.0 [15] Computer and Mathematical 143 148 182 +34 +23.0 +39 +27.3 [17] Architecture and Engineering 80 127 133 +6 +4.7 +53 +66.3 [19] Life, Physical, and Social Science 50 26 42 +16 +61.5-8 -16.0 [21] Community and Social Service 36 74 63-11 -14.9 +27 +75.0 [23] Legal 8 7 1-6 -85.7-7 -87.5 [25] Education, Training, and Library 86 66 101 +35 +53.0 +15 +17.4 [27] Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media 95 49 82 +33 +67.3-13 -13.7 [29] Healthcare Practitioners and Technical 477 708 685-23 -3.2 +208 +43.6 [31] Healthcare Support 99 150 93-57 -38.0-6 -6.1 [33] Protective Service 42 30 51 +21 +70.0 +9 +21.4 [35] Food Preparation and Serving Related 390 533 224-309 -58.0-166 -42.6 [37] Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance 50 95 99 +4 +4.2 +49 +98.0 [39] Personal Care and Service 95 72 81 +9 +12.5-14 -14.7 [41] Sales and Related 478 327 303-24 -7.3-175 -36.6 [43] Office and Administrative Support 282 288 275-13 -4.5-7 -2.5 [45] Farming, Fishing, and Forestry 232 94 278 +184 +195.7 +46 +19.8 [47] Construction and Extraction 143 103 167 +64 +62.1 +24 +16.8 [49] Installation, Maintenance, and Repair 166 215 195-20 -9.3 +29 +17.5 [51] Production 125 116 237 +121 +104.3 +112 +89.6 [53] Transportation and Material Moving 246 305 269-36 -11.8 +23 +9.3 [55] Military Specific 1 2 0-2 -100.0-1 -100.0 Not Classified 32 23 18-5 -21.7-14 -43.8 TOTAL 3,736 3,951 3,948-3 -0.1 +212 +5.7 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 8

JOB OPENINGS BY COUNTY UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT [ 2018] YEAR-OVER-YEAR CHANGE IN JOB OPENINGS BY COUNTY [ 2018] LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 9

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT JOB OPENINGS BY COUNTY COUNTY NAME [ALL JOB OPENINGS] DEC M/M M/M Y/Y Y/Y 2017 2017 2018 # CHG % CHG # CHG % CHG Adams 18 15 20 +5 +33.3 +2 +11.1 Barnes 125 171 132-39 -22.8 +7 +5.6 Benson 46 67 85 +18 +26.9 +39 +84.8 Billings 21 2 130 +128 +6,400.0 +109 +519.0 Bottineau 68 40 57 +17 +42.5-11 -16.2 Bowman 12 21 22 +1 +4.8 +10 +83.3 Burke 6 8 15 +7 +87.5 +9 +150.0 Burleigh 1,707 1,600 1,484-116 -7.3-223 -13.1 Cass 3,342 3,670 3,506-164 -4.5 +164 +4.9 Cavalier 35 19 42 +23 +121.1 +7 +20.0 Dickey 67 39 41 +2 +5.1-26 -38.8 Divide 10 28 10-18 -64.3 0 0.0 Dunn 63 66 59-7 -10.6-4 -6.3 Eddy 9 5 16 +11 +220.0 +7 +77.8 Emmons 19 24 25 +1 +4.2 +6 +31.6 Foster 51 25 42 +17 +68.0-9 -17.6 Golden Valley 26 17 13-4 -23.5-13 -50.0 Grand Forks 1,291 1,168 947-221 -18.9-344 -26.6 Grant 23 9 15 +6 +66.7-8 -34.8 Griggs 18 12 12 0 0.0-6 -33.3 Hettinger 37 22 31 +9 +40.9-6 -16.2 Kidder 16 10 17 +7 +70.0 +1 +6.3 LaMoure 33 15 40 +25 +166.7 +7 +21.2 Logan 9 10 5-5 -50.0-4 -44.4 McHenry 57 36 35-1 -2.8-22 -38.6 McIntosh 18 6 9 +3 +50.0-9 -50.0 McKenzie 209 207 195-12 -5.8-14 -6.7 McLean 79 69 74 +5 +7.2-5 -6.3 Mercer 90 60 67 +7 +11.7-23 -25.6 Morton 267 207 187-20 -9.7-80 -30.0 Mountrail 181 174 210 +36 +20.7 +29 +16.0 Nelson 26 15 22 +7 +46.7-4 -15.4 Oliver 9 10 20 +10 +100.0 +11 +122.2 Pembina 51 71 83 +12 +16.9 +32 +62.7 Pierce 14 31 17-14 -45.2 +3 +21.4 Ramsey 196 164 209 +45 +27.4 +13 +6.6 Ransom 44 40 59 +19 +47.5 +15 +34.1 Renville 34 9 15 +6 +66.7-19 -55.9 Richland 184 245 295 +50 +20.4 +111 +60.3 Rolette 46 60 57-3 -5.0 +11 +23.9 Sargent 26 50 45-5 -10.0 +19 +73.1 Sheridan 2 4 7 +3 +75.0 +5 +250.0 Sioux 59 40 39-1 -2.5-20 -33.9 Slope 0 0 0 0 --- 0 --- Stark 422 540 676 +136 +25.2 +254 +60.2 Steele 6 1 13 +12 +1,200.0 +7 +116.7 Stutsman 308 362 354-8 -2.2 +46 +14.9 Towner 5 14 11-3 -21.4 +6 +120.0 Traill 107 78 84 +6 +7.7-23 -21.5 Walsh 113 73 105 +32 +43.8-8 -7.1 Ward 915 822 854 +32 +3.9-61 -6.7 Wells 58 24 48 +24 +100.0-10 -17.2 Williams 662 874 754-120 -13.7 +92 +13.9 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 10

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT UNEMPLOYED PER JOB OPENING BY COUNTY [DEC 2017] UNEMPLOYED PER JOB OPENING BY COUNTY [DEC 2016] LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 11

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT UNEMPLOYED PER JOB OPENING BY COUNTY COUNTY NAME [ALL JOB OPENINGS] DEC NOV DEC 2016 2017 2017 Adams 1.58 0.51 2.07 Barnes 1.18 0.70 0.71 Benson 1.61 1.05 1.27 Billings 2.43 8.00 5.50 Bottineau 4.34 1.67 2.35 Bowman 2.73 0.68 1.62 Burke 9.20 5.80 3.88 Burleigh 0.80 0.67 0.84 Cass 0.58 0.54 0.62 Cavalier 2.35 1.95 2.89 Dickey 1.00 0.89 1.00 Divide 5.13 0.79 0.75 Dunn 1.52 0.71 0.82 Eddy 4.80 6.86 10.80 Emmons 4.83 3.44 3.21 Foster 0.98 1.03 1.72 Golden Valley 0.87 0.65 0.94 Grand Forks 0.60 0.58 0.72 Grant 2.42 3.20 4.33 Griggs 2.71 4.14 2.17 Hettinger 1.39 1.22 1.41 Kidder 4.83 5.00 6.00 LaMoure 3.29 1.74 2.53 Logan 6.00 2.00 2.00 McHenry 4.71 3.70 4.33 McIntosh 2.06 1.93 3.83 McKenzie 1.43 0.66 0.85 McLean 3.40 2.98 2.70 Mercer 2.93 3.45 3.40 Morton 1.87 2.60 2.63 Mountrail 1.17 0.77 0.71 Nelson 2.70 2.25 2.27 Oliver 5.00 6.33 4.40 Pembina 3.76 2.02 2.06 Pierce 2.77 1.02 2.00 Ramsey 1.08 0.72 1.07 Ransom 1.65 0.80 1.50 Renville 4.36 3.56 3.11 Richland 1.22 0.81 0.92 Rolette 6.61 5.77 7.25 Sargent 1.12 1.48 0.86 Sheridan 37.00 6.00 10.75 Sioux 0.84 1.09 0.95 Slope 4.50 --- --- Stark 1.17 0.73 0.95 Steele 3.17 16.00 15.00 Stutsman 0.88 0.67 0.63 Towner 11.00 1.59 2.36 Traill 0.91 0.65 1.42 Walsh 1.75 1.80 2.51 Ward 1.30 1.06 1.17 Wells 2.18 1.67 2.58 Williams 1.24 0.56 0.57 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 12

ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT [ALL ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS] 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 YEAR-OVER-YEAR PERCENT CHANGE IN ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS 20.0 10.0 0.0-10.0-20.0-30.0 RECENT ACTIVE M/M M/M Y/Y Y/Y 12 MO M/M M/M Y/Y Y/Y TREND RÉSUMÉS # CHG % CHG # CHG % CHG MOV AVG # CHG % CHG # CHG % CHG AUG 2016 9,154-441 -4.6-322 -3.4 9,890-29 -0.3 +612 +6.6 SEP 2016 8,656-498 -5.4-738 -7.9 9,829-61 -0.6 +480 +5.1 OCT 2016 8,369-287 -3.3-1,148-12.1 9,735-94 -1.0 +305 +3.2 NOV 2016 7,948-421 -5.0-1,492-15.8 9,611-124 -1.3 +110 +1.2 DEC 2016 7,629-319 -4.0-1,911-20.0 9,449-162 -1.7-128 -1.3 2017 7,484-145 -1.9-1,848-19.8 9,295-154 -1.6-368 -3.8 FEB 2017 8,220 +736 +9.8-1,735-17.4 9,151-144 -1.5-602 -6.2 MAR 2017 8,551 +331 +4.0-2,121-19.9 8,977-174 -1.9-880 -8.9 APR 2017 8,912 +361 +4.2-2,140-19.4 8,794-183 -2.0-1,103-11.1 MAY 2017 8,289-623 -7.0-2,540-23.5 8,585-209 -2.4-1,343-13.5 JUN 2017 7,894-395 -4.8-2,299-22.6 8,393-192 -2.2-1,536-15.5 JUL 2017 7,489-405 -5.1-2,106-21.9 8,218-175 -2.1-1,701-17.1 AUG 2017 7,489 0 0.0-1,665-18.2 8,076-142 -1.7-1,814-18.3 SEP 2017 7,378-111 -1.5-1,278-14.8 7,970-106 -1.3-1,859-18.9 OCT 2017 7,145-233 -3.2-1,224-14.6 7,868-102 -1.3-1,867-19.2 NOV 2017 7,030-115 -1.6-918 -11.6 7,795-73 -0.9-1,816-18.9 DEC 2017 6,870-160 -2.3-759 -9.9 7,729-66 -0.8-1,720-18.2 2018 6,646-224 -3.3-838 -11.2 7,662-67 -0.9-1,633-17.6 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 13

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS BY RESIDENTIAL ADDRESS (%) [ALL ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS] Active résumés include all online résumés that have been created or otherwise modified no more than 90 days prior but still active during the reference period. Active résumés can be separate by the location of a candidate using their residential address. In-state active résumés are those in which a candidate reports a North Dakota residential address, while all remaining active résumés are considered out-of-state. 100% 90% 80% 70% In-State Out-Of-State IN-STATE 2018 90.7 LAST MONTH 90.8 LAST YEAR 88.1 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% OUT-OF-STATE 2018 9.3 LAST MONTH 9.2 LAST YEAR 11.9 10% 0% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS (%) [ALL ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS] Active résumés include all online résumés that have been created or otherwise modified no more than 90 days prior but still active during the reference period. Active résumés can be separate by a candidate's employment status, either working or not. 100% 90% 80% 70% Unemployed Employed UNEMPLOYED 2018 60.4 LAST MONTH 59.6 LAST YEAR 62.4 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% EMPLOYED 2018 39.6 LAST MONTH 40.4 LAST YEAR 37.6 10% 0% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 14

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS BY OCCUPATION GROUP [ALL ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS] 1,800 2017 2018 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 [SOC CODE] OCCUPATION GROUP DEC M/M M/M Y/Y Y/Y 2017 2017 2018 # CHG % CHG # CHG % CHG [11] Management 691 659 643-16 -2.4-48 -6.9 [13] Business and Financial Operations 207 207 218 +11 +5.3 +11 +5.3 [15] Computer and Mathematical 144 185 178-7 -3.8 +34 +23.6 [17] Architecture and Engineering 146 115 122 +7 +6.1-24 -16.4 [19] Life, Physical, and Social Science 72 63 69 +6 +9.5-3 -4.2 [21] Community and Social Service 104 88 84-4 -4.5-20 -19.2 [23] Legal 26 18 19 +1 +5.6-7 -26.9 [25] Education, Training, and Library 95 80 74-6 -7.5-21 -22.1 [27] Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media 78 79 79 0 0.0 +1 +1.3 [29] Healthcare Practitioners and Technical 149 126 114-12 -9.5-35 -23.5 [31] Healthcare Support 223 258 245-13 -5.0 +22 +9.9 [33] Protective Service 73 94 82-12 -12.8 +9 +12.3 [35] Food Preparation and Serving Related 244 260 255-5 -1.9 +11 +4.5 [37] Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance 183 168 172 +4 +2.4-11 -6.0 [39] Personal Care and Service 105 101 99-2 -2.0-6 -5.7 [41] Sales and Related 542 532 506-26 -4.9-36 -6.6 [43] Office and Administrative Support 1,603 1,538 1,403-135 -8.8-200 -12.5 [45] Farming, Fishing, and Forestry 80 54 63 +9 +16.7-17 -21.3 [47] Construction and Extraction 923 761 758-3 -0.4-165 -17.9 [49] Installation, Maintenance, and Repair 384 335 314-21 -6.3-70 -18.2 [51] Production 664 513 533 +20 +3.9-131 -19.7 [53] Transportation and Material Moving 724 604 587-17 -2.8-137 -18.9 [55] Military Specific 10 5 3-2 -40.0-7 -70.0 Not Classified 14 27 26-1 -3.7 +12 +85.7 TOTAL 7,484 6,870 6,646-224 -3.3-838 -11.2 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 15

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS BY OCCUPATION GROUP [IN-STATE ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS] 1,600 2017 2018 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 [SOC CODE] OCCUPATION GROUP DEC M/M M/M Y/Y Y/Y 2017 2017 2018 # CHG % CHG # CHG % CHG [11] Management 615 593 578-15 -2.5-37 -6.0 [13] Business and Financial Operations 179 177 186 +9 +5.1 +7 +3.9 [15] Computer and Mathematical 123 157 148-9 -5.7 +25 +20.3 [17] Architecture and Engineering 109 90 97 +7 +7.8-12 -11.0 [19] Life, Physical, and Social Science 60 58 59 +1 +1.7-1 -1.7 [21] Community and Social Service 96 83 77-6 -7.2-19 -19.8 [23] Legal 22 18 19 +1 +5.6-3 -13.6 [25] Education, Training, and Library 84 76 68-8 -10.5-16 -19.0 [27] Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media 75 71 73 +2 +2.8-2 -2.7 [29] Healthcare Practitioners and Technical 132 108 96-12 -11.1-36 -27.3 [31] Healthcare Support 209 239 226-13 -5.4 +17 +8.1 [33] Protective Service 64 88 77-11 -12.5 +13 +20.3 [35] Food Preparation and Serving Related 225 247 240-7 -2.8 +15 +6.7 [37] Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance 167 161 164 +3 +1.9-3 -1.8 [39] Personal Care and Service 100 91 91 0 0.0-9 -9.0 [41] Sales and Related 494 497 475-22 -4.4-19 -3.8 [43] Office and Administrative Support 1,495 1,446 1,325-121 -8.4-170 -11.4 [45] Farming, Fishing, and Forestry 69 47 56 +9 +19.1-13 -18.8 [47] Construction and Extraction 748 674 666-8 -1.2-82 -11.0 [49] Installation, Maintenance, and Repair 330 305 286-19 -6.2-44 -13.3 [51] Production 564 451 478 +27 +6.0-86 -15.2 [53] Transportation and Material Moving 615 535 516-19 -3.6-99 -16.1 [55] Military Specific 9 4 3-1 -25.0-6 -66.7 Not Classified 12 25 25 0 0.0 +13 +108.3 TOTAL 6,596 6,241 6,029-212 -3.4-567 -8.6 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 16

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS BY OCCUPATION GROUP [OUT-OF-STATE ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS] 200 2017 2018 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 [SOC CODE] OCCUPATION GROUP DEC M/M M/M Y/Y Y/Y 2017 2017 2018 # CHG % CHG # CHG % CHG [11] Management 76 66 65-1 -1.5-11 -14.5 [13] Business and Financial Operations 28 30 32 +2 +6.7 +4 +14.3 [15] Computer and Mathematical 21 28 30 +2 +7.1 +9 +42.9 [17] Architecture and Engineering 37 25 25 0 0.0-12 -32.4 [19] Life, Physical, and Social Science 12 5 10 +5 +100.0-2 -16.7 [21] Community and Social Service 8 5 7 +2 +40.0-1 -12.5 [23] Legal 4 0 0 0 --- -4-100.0 [25] Education, Training, and Library 11 4 6 +2 +50.0-5 -45.5 [27] Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media 3 8 6-2 -25.0 +3 +100.0 [29] Healthcare Practitioners and Technical 17 18 18 0 0.0 +1 +5.9 [31] Healthcare Support 14 19 19 0 0.0 +5 +35.7 [33] Protective Service 9 6 5-1 -16.7-4 -44.4 [35] Food Preparation and Serving Related 19 13 15 +2 +15.4-4 -21.1 [37] Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance 16 7 8 +1 +14.3-8 -50.0 [39] Personal Care and Service 5 10 8-2 -20.0 +3 +60.0 [41] Sales and Related 48 35 31-4 -11.4-17 -35.4 [43] Office and Administrative Support 108 92 78-14 -15.2-30 -27.8 [45] Farming, Fishing, and Forestry 11 7 7 0 0.0-4 -36.4 [47] Construction and Extraction 175 87 92 +5 +5.7-83 -47.4 [49] Installation, Maintenance, and Repair 54 30 28-2 -6.7-26 -48.1 [51] Production 100 62 55-7 -11.3-45 -45.0 [53] Transportation and Material Moving 109 69 71 +2 +2.9-38 -34.9 [55] Military Specific 1 1 0-1 -100.0-1 -100.0 Not Classified 2 2 1-1 -50.0-1 -50.0 TOTAL 888 629 617-12 -1.9-271 -30.5 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 17

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS BY COUNTY [ 2018] YEAR-OVER-YEAR CHANGE IN ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS BY COUNTY [ 2018] LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 18

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS BY COUNTY COUNTY NAME [IN-STATE ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS] DEC M/M M/M Y/Y Y/Y 2017 2017 2018 # CHG % CHG # CHG % CHG Adams 12 22 20-2 -9.1 +8 +66.7 Barnes 80 57 55-2 -3.5-25 -31.3 Benson 27 35 31-4 -11.4 +4 +14.8 Billings 2 0 0 0 --- -2-100.0 Bottineau 23 30 28-2 -6.7 +5 +21.7 Bowman 11 10 8-2 -20.0-3 -27.3 Burke 11 10 11 +1 +10.0 0 0.0 Burleigh 1,009 1,035 996-39 -3.8-13 -1.3 Cass 1,292 1,381 1,349-32 -2.3 +57 +4.4 Cavalier 4 4 5 +1 +25.0 +1 +25.0 Dickey 25 8 5-3 -37.5-20 -80.0 Divide 11 7 5-2 -28.6-6 -54.5 Dunn 53 29 26-3 -10.3-27 -50.9 Eddy 11 7 8 +1 +14.3-3 -27.3 Emmons 18 6 8 +2 +33.3-10 -55.6 Foster 8 12 12 0 0.0 +4 +50.0 Golden Valley 5 2 8 +6 +300.0 +3 +60.0 Grand Forks 409 418 408-10 -2.4-1 -0.2 Grant 4 9 3-6 -66.7-1 -25.0 Griggs 9 6 5-1 -16.7-4 -44.4 Hettinger 18 17 26 +9 +52.9 +8 +44.4 Kidder 7 6 4-2 -33.3-3 -42.9 LaMoure 11 10 8-2 -20.0-3 -27.3 Logan 3 3 3 0 0.0 0 0.0 McHenry 53 43 47 +4 +9.3-6 -11.3 McIntosh 6 6 5-1 -16.7-1 -16.7 McKenzie 100 71 64-7 -9.9-36 -36.0 McLean 49 37 29-8 -21.6-20 -40.8 Mercer 90 100 89-11 -11.0-1 -1.1 Morton 337 286 288 +2 +0.7-49 -14.5 Mountrail 53 55 54-1 -1.8 +1 +1.9 Nelson 14 8 8 0 0.0-6 -42.9 Oliver 15 10 11 +1 +10.0-4 -26.7 Pembina 35 14 11-3 -21.4-24 -68.6 Pierce 18 10 7-3 -30.0-11 -61.1 Ramsey 101 107 95-12 -11.2-6 -5.9 Ransom 16 7 8 +1 +14.3-8 -50.0 Renville 22 16 20 +4 +25.0-2 -9.1 Richland 169 108 114 +6 +5.6-55 -32.5 Rolette 147 204 180-24 -11.8 +33 +22.4 Sargent 13 3 6 +3 +100.0-7 -53.8 Sheridan 1 2 3 +1 +50.0 +2 +200.0 Sioux 14 15 14-1 -6.7 0 0.0 Slope 1 0 0 0 --- -1-100.0 Stark 401 464 450-14 -3.0 +49 +12.2 Steele 7 6 6 0 0.0-1 -14.3 Stutsman 185 152 167 +15 +9.9-18 -9.7 Towner 9 9 14 +5 +55.6 +5 +55.6 Traill 30 32 28-4 -12.5-2 -6.7 Walsh 62 33 34 +1 +3.0-28 -45.2 Ward 965 814 743-71 -8.7-222 -23.0 Wells 17 17 15-2 -11.8-2 -11.8 Williams 603 488 487-1 -0.2-116 -19.2 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 19

ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS PER JOB OPENING UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT [IN-STATE ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS] Active résumés per job opening is a rate of the number of in-state active résumés divided by job openings. Out-of-state résumés were excluded from this calculation. A rate less than one indicates more job openings than in-state active résumés; a rate greater than one indicates more in-state active résumés than job openings. 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 [SOC CODE] OCCUPATION GROUP DEC 2017 2017 2018 [11] Management 0.98 0.88 0.83 [13] Business and Financial Operations 0.45 0.41 0.47 [15] Computer and Mathematical 0.38 0.38 0.37 [17] Architecture and Engineering 0.53 0.25 0.31 [19] Life, Physical, and Social Science 0.52 0.54 0.63 [21] Community and Social Service 0.62 0.49 0.42 [23] Legal 1.00 1.20 2.38 [25] Education, Training, and Library 0.43 0.28 0.29 [27] Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media 0.33 0.34 0.32 [29] Healthcare Practitioners and Technical 0.07 0.06 0.06 [31] Healthcare Support 0.50 0.61 0.72 [33] Protective Service 0.41 0.66 0.51 [35] Food Preparation and Serving Related 0.25 0.30 0.41 [37] Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance 0.86 0.65 0.42 [39] Personal Care and Service 0.45 0.40 0.43 [41] Sales and Related 0.44 0.52 0.53 [43] Office and Administrative Support 1.48 1.26 1.42 [45] Farming, Fishing, and Forestry 0.09 0.13 0.08 [47] Construction and Extraction 1.62 1.96 1.11 [49] Installation, Maintenance, and Repair 0.59 0.56 0.50 [51] Production 1.37 0.76 0.75 [53] Transportation and Material Moving 0.71 0.49 0.54 NORTH DAKOTA 0.59 0.55 0.53 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 20

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS PER JOB OPENING BY COUNTY [ 2018] ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS PER JOB OPENING BY COUNTY [ 2017] LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 21

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS PER JOB OPENING BY COUNTY [IN-STATE ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS] COUNTY NAME DEC 2017 2017 2018 Adams 0.67 1.47 1.00 Barnes 0.64 0.33 0.42 Benson 0.59 0.52 0.36 Billings 0.10 0.00 0.00 Bottineau 0.34 0.75 0.49 Bowman 0.92 0.48 0.36 Burke 1.83 1.25 0.73 Burleigh 0.59 0.65 0.67 Cass 0.39 0.38 0.38 Cavalier 0.11 0.21 0.12 Dickey 0.37 0.21 0.12 Divide 1.10 0.25 0.50 Dunn 0.84 0.44 0.44 Eddy 1.22 1.40 0.50 Emmons 0.95 0.25 0.32 Foster 0.16 0.48 0.29 Golden Valley 0.19 0.12 0.62 Grand Forks 0.32 0.36 0.43 Grant 0.17 1.00 0.20 Griggs 0.50 0.50 0.42 Hettinger 0.49 0.77 0.84 Kidder 0.44 0.60 0.24 LaMoure 0.33 0.67 0.20 Logan 0.33 0.30 0.60 McHenry 0.93 1.19 1.34 McIntosh 0.33 1.00 0.56 McKenzie 0.48 0.34 0.33 McLean 0.62 0.54 0.39 Mercer 1.00 1.67 1.33 Morton 1.26 1.38 1.54 Mountrail 0.29 0.32 0.26 Nelson 0.54 0.53 0.36 Oliver 1.67 1.00 0.55 Pembina 0.69 0.20 0.13 Pierce 1.29 0.32 0.41 Ramsey 0.52 0.65 0.45 Ransom 0.36 0.18 0.14 Renville 0.65 1.78 1.33 Richland 0.92 0.44 0.39 Rolette 3.20 3.40 3.16 Sargent 0.50 0.06 0.13 Sheridan 0.50 0.50 0.43 Sioux 0.24 0.38 0.36 Slope --- --- --- Stark 0.95 0.86 0.67 Steele 1.17 6.00 0.46 Stutsman 0.60 0.42 0.47 Towner 1.80 0.64 1.27 Traill 0.28 0.41 0.33 Walsh 0.55 0.45 0.32 Ward 1.05 0.99 0.87 Wells 0.29 0.71 0.31 Williams 0.91 0.56 0.65 LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 22

UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT OCCUPATION GROUPS AND AVERAGE WAGES 2016 ND AVG HRLY [SOC CODE] OCCUPATION GROUP WAGE ($) Sample Occupations 47.77 [11] MANAGEMENT Managers, Education Administrators, Farmers and Ranchers, Human Resource Managers 29.55 [13] BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL OPERATIONS Accountants, Auditors, Loan Officers, Tax Preparers 32.29 [15] COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICAL Computer Programmers, Computer and Network Administrators, Web Developers, Statisticians 33.81 [17] ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING Engineers, Drafters, Architects, Surveyors 30.16 [19] LIFE, PHYSICAL, AND SOCIAL SCIENCE Biologists, Chemists, Economists 22.62 [21] COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL SERVICE Social Workers, Clergy, Counselors, Social and Human Service Assistants 38.29 [23] LEGAL Lawyers, Court Reporters, Judges, Magistrate Judges, Magistrates, Paralegal and Legal Assistants 23.81 [25] EDUCATION, TRAINING, AND LIBRARY Elementary School Teachers, Secondary School Teachers, Special Education Teachers, Librarians 19.23 [27] ARTS, DESIGN, ENTERTAINMENT, SPORTS, AND MEDIA Musicians and Singers, Photographers, Reporters and Correspondents, Umpires, Referees 33.55 [29] HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS AND TECHNICAL Physicians and Surgeons, Dentists, Pharmacists, Registered Nurses, EMTs and Paramedics, Chiropractors 15.83 [31] HEALTHCARE SUPPORT Home Health Aides, Medical Assistants, Medical Transcriptionists, Nursing Aides and Orderlies 21.33 [33] PROTECTIVE SERVICE Correctional Officers, Firefighters, Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers, Lifeguards 11.70 [35] FOOD PREPARATION AND SERVING RELATED Cooks, Bartenders, Waiters and Waitresses, Counter Attendants, Dishwashers 14.34 [37] BUILDING AND GROUNDS CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE Janitors and Cleaners, Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers, Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 13.80 [39] PERSONAL CARE AND SERVICE Childcare Workers, Hairdressers, Hairstylists, Fitness Trainers, Personal and Home Care Aides 19.21 [41] SALES AND RELATED Cashiers, Retail Salespersons, Insurance Sales Agents, Telemarketers 17.55 [43] OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Office Clerks, Receptionists, Tellers 16.69 [45] FARMING, FISHING, AND FORESTRY Farmworkers and Laborers, Graders and Sorters of Agricultural Products, Hunters and Trappers 25.53 [47] CONSTRUCTION AND EXTRACTION Carpenters, Electricians, Plumbers, Roofers, Oil and Gas Roustabouts 25.60 [49] INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR Automotive Body Repairers, Mechanics, Electrical Power-Line Installers, Wind Turbine Service Technicians 21.19 [51] PRODUCTION Assemblers and Fabricators, Machinists, Tool and Die Makers, Welders, Cutters, Solderers, Brazers 21.47 [53] TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING Airline Pilots, Bus Drivers, Truck Drivers, Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators, Packers and Packagers --- [55] MILITARY SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS Aircrew Officers, Infantry, Radar and Sonar Technicians, Special Forces LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 23

NOTES UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT This report was produced either in whole or in part with Department of Labor-funded Workforce Information Grants (WIGS). BACKGROUND The Online Job Openings Report (OJOR) is a monthly summary of North Dakota job openings and active résumés and provides a timely overview of the latest supply/demand dynamic. The report involves the collection, processing, and dissemination of open and available online job openings posted by employers and active online résumés posted by job candidates. Both job openings and active résumés are published for the major occupational groups at statewide and regional levels. Data for counties are only published at a total aggregate level. Additionally, supply/demand calculations for various geographies and occupational groups are available. The OJOR is generally published the first working Wednesday of the month following the reference month (i.e. January data published the first working Wednesday in February), though exceptions may occur. METHODOLOGY AND COVERAGE The Job Service North Dakota online labor exchange system is the underlying source for the OJOR. The data are a combination of local openings brought into the system either internally or externally. An internal job opening is submitted directly to the labor exchange system by either local office staff or authorized local employers. An external job opening is spidered into the system from outside online job sites including corporate, educational institution, newspaper, government, private job board, and recruiter sites. Coverage is limited to jobs posted online. Job vacancies advertised strictly through word-of-mouth, radio, television, local print-only newspapers, outdoor signage, or any other non-online means are not included. Keep in mind, online job openings and active résumés are self-reported by the employer and job seeker, respectively, so accuracy cannot necessarily be guaranteed. Every effort is made to ensure the OJOR is constructed using deduplicated data. The deduplication process involves the systematic analysis of key fields of each opening, such as company name, job title/description, and location, against all openings, flagging potential duplicate matches. Active résumés are deduplicated against the user name and occupational code fields. An analyst reviews and eliminates legitimate duplicates. The OJOR is not subject to the typical sampling error and non-response error components associated with most statistical surveys. Non-sampling error sources would include population under-coverage due to missing a portion of the targeted population (e.g. a large Internet job board), and over-coverage due to the inability to fully eliminate duplicate job openings. Additional potential sources of non-sampling error would include occupational and/or geographic coding errors which would affect the proper classification of individual job openings. Occupational coding is done at the 6-digit 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) level. If a job opening cannot be coded at the six-digit level, then every effort is made to code it to a 2-digit major occupational group. If the opening cannot be coded to either, it is designated unclassified or unassigned. It should be noted that every ten years or so the SOC system goes through a federal review process where codes are added, deleted, or modified. While the 2-digit occupational groups rarely change, there can be significant changes to the 6-digit detail codes thereby affecting the composition of the occupational groups. The geographic coding for an internal opening is determined by information submitted directly to the labor exchange system by either local office staff or authorized local employers. An external opening is coded against location information provided in the original posting, if available. TERMS AND CONCEPTS ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS. Active résumés are all online résumés that have been created or otherwise modified during the reference period. This figure includes résumés posted no more than 90 days prior but still active during the reference period, as well as new résumés. Active résumés may include those created by out-of-state candidates. Candidates may post multiple online résumés so active résumés should not be interpreted as an individual candidate count. Active résumés are not necessarily an indicator of unemployment since candidates posting résumés may or may not be unemployed. ACTIVE RÉSUMÉS PER JOB OPENING. North Dakota's state-level and substate rates of active résumés per job opening are calculated by taking the number of in-state active résumés and dividing by job openings. In order to get a more localized measure of potential labor supply, only in-state active résumés (i.e. résumés tied to a North Dakota address) were used to calculate this rate; out-of-state active résumés are excluded from this calculation. A rate less than one indicates more job openings than instate active résumés; a rate greater than one indicates more in-state active résumés than job openings. JOB OPENINGS. Job openings include all open and available online openings during the reference period. This figure may include openings posted no more than 90 days prior but still active during the reference period, as well as new openings. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 24

NOTES TERMS AND CONCEPTS cont'd UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT JOB OPENINGS RATE. The job openings rate is the percentage of all jobs in the economy open and available and North Dakota's is calculated by taking the number of job openings (unfilled jobs) divided by total nonfarm employment (filled jobs) from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program plus job openings. The rate of unfilled jobs is an important measure of the unmet demand for labor, which paints a more complete picture of the state's labor market than solely looking at the unemployment rate, a measure of the excess supply of labor. A higher rate is an indicator of increased demand from employers resulting in more opportunities for job seekers. The U.S rate is calculated using data from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) and CES program. U.S. job openings typically lag two months, therefore the most recent rate will lag two months. OCCUPATIONAL DATA. Occupational groups are based on the 2010 SOC coding system. Openings and résumés are coded to the 6-digit SOC level whenever possible. Data are aggregated to the major occupational group level. REFERENCE PERIOD. The OJOR collects data using a mid-month reference period (the week that includes the 12th of the month), which provides consistency when incorporating data from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) sources. REGIONAL DATA. The eight North Dakota regions are made up of groupings of counties around a regional city center that provides a majority of the services and exhibits the greatest economic influence. While the regional reports are not as comprehensive as the statewide report, they do provide some local detail not otherwise available. Job openings data are geographically-coded based on worksite location. Active résumés are geographically-coded based on the residential address of the candidate. TYPICAL ENTRY-LEVEL EDUCATION. Typical entry-level education describes the level of education that most workers need to enter an occupation, and takes into consideration advertised education requirement preferences. The Labor Market Information Center is able to assign a typical entry-level education to most job openings, but some are tagged as unassigned due to missing or incomplete occupational codes. Keep in mind, an opening's typical entry-level education assignment may differ from employers advertised education requirements, though most match. Mismatches commonly occur due to either missing education requirements from the employer s job order or education inflation where an employer advertises for more education than is typically needed for an occupation. Using the typical entry-level education framework provides for consistency across occupations regardless of an employer's advertised preference. For instance, all janitor openings are coded with the same typical entry-level education (no educational credential) regardless if one out of ten employers has a preference for a candidate with a Bachelor's degree. Below are the typical entry-level education categories: Doctoral or professional degree: Completion of a doctoral degree (Ph.D.) usually requires at least 3 years of full-time academic work beyond a bachelor s degree. Completion of a professional degree usually requires at least 3 years of full-time academic study beyond a bachelor s degree. Master s degree: Completion of this degree usually requires 1 or 2 years of full-time academic study beyond a bachelor s degree. Bachelor s degree: Completion of this degree generally requires at least 4 years, but not more than 5 years, of full-time academic study beyond high school. Associate s degree: Completion of this degree usually requires at least 2 years but not more than 4 years of full-time academic study beyond high school. Postsecondary nondegree award: These programs lead to a certificate or other award, but not a degree. The certificate is awarded by the educational institution and is the result of completing formal postsecondary schooling. Certification, issued by a professional organization or certifying body, is not included here. Some postsecondary nondegree award programs last only a few weeks, while others may last 1 to 2 years. High school diploma or equivalent: This category signifies the completion of high school or an equivalent program resulting in the award of a high school diploma or an equivalent, such as the General Education Development (GED) credential. No formal educational credential: This category signifies that a formal credential issued by an educational institution, such as a high school diploma or postsecondary certificate, is not typically needed for entry into the occupation. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 25

NOTES TERMS AND CONCEPTS cont'd UARY 2018 ONLINE JOB OPENINGS REPORT TYPICAL TRAINING. Typical training describes any additional training or preparation that is typically needed, once employed in an occupation, to attain competency in the skills needed in that occupation. Training is occupation-specific rather than job-specific; therefore, skills learned can be transferred to another job in the same occupation. The Labor Market Information Center is able to assign a typical training category to most job openings, but some are tagged as unassigned due to missing or incomplete occupational codes. Keep in mind, an opening's typical training assignment may differ from employers advertised training requirements, though most match. Mismatches commonly occur due to either missing training requirements from the employer s job order or where an employer advertises for more training than is typically needed for an occupation. Using the typical training framework provides for consistency across occupations regardless of an employer's advertised preference. For instance, all janitor openings are coded with the same typical training (short-term, on-the-job training) regardless if one out of ten employers has a preference for long-term, on-the-job training. Below are the typical training categories: Internship or residency: An internship or residency is training that involves preparation in a field such as teaching or medicine, generally under supervision in a professional setting, such as a classroom or hospital. This type of training may occur before one is employed. Completion of an internship or residency program is commonly required for state licensure or certification in fields including medicine, counseling, architecture, and teaching. This category does not include internships that are suggested for advancement in one s career, such as a marketing internship. Apprenticeship: An apprenticeship is a formal relationship between a worker and sponsor that consists of a combination of on-the-job training and related occupation-specific technical instruction in which the worker learns the practical and theoretical aspects of an occupation. Apprenticeship programs are sponsored by individual employers, joint employer and labor groups, and employer associations. The typical apprenticeship program provides at least 144 hours of occupation-specific technical instruction and 2,000 hours of on-the-job training per year, over a 3- to 5-year period. Long-term, on-the-job training: More than 12 months of on-the-job training or, alternatively, combined work experience and formal classroom instruction, is needed for workers to develop the skills to attain competency. Training is occupation-specific rather than job-specific; therefore, skills learned can be transferred to another job in the same occupation. This category also includes employer-sponsored training programs. Such programs include those offered by fire academies and schools for air traffic controllers. In other occupations nuclear power reactor operators, for example trainees take formal courses, often provided at the jobsite, to prepare for the required licensing exams. Also included in this category are occupations in which workers typically need to possess a natural ability or talent including musicians and singers, athletes, dancers, photographers, and actors and that ability or talent must be cultivated over several years, sometimes in a nonwork setting. This category excludes apprenticeships. Moderate-term, on-the-job training: Skills needed for a worker to attain competency in an occupation that can be acquired during 1 to 12 months of combined on-the-job experience and informal training. Training is occupation-specific rather than job-specific; therefore, skills learned can be transferred to another job in the same occupation. This category also includes employer-sponsored training programs. Short-term, on-the-job training: Skills needed for a worker to attain competency in an occupation that can be acquired in less than 30 days of on-the-job experience and informal training. Training is occupation-specific rather than job-specific; therefore, skills learned can be transferred to another job in the same occupation. This category also includes employer-sponsored training programs. No training: There is no additional occupation-specific training or preparation typically required to attain competency in the occupation. UNEMPLOYED PER JOB OPENING. North Dakota's state-level and substate rates of unemployed per job opening are calculated by taking the number of unemployed persons from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program and dividing by job openings. A rate less than one indicates more job openings than local labor supply; a rate greater than one indicates more local labor supply than job openings. North Dakota unemployment data typically lag one month, therefore the most recent rates will lag one month. The U.S. rate is calculated using data from the JOLTS and the Current Population Survey (CPS) from the BLS. U.S. job openings typically lag two months, therefore the most recent rate will lag two months. UNEMPLOYMENT DATA. The unemployment data used in this report come from the CPS and LAUS programs. Both programs provide data on the unemployed and are used to calculate the rate of unemployed per job opening. The unemployed are defined as those 16 years of age and older who were unemployed but actively seeking and available for work within the last month. WAGE DATA. The average hourly wage data are the latest available from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program. OES wage data provide a point-in-time snapshot of wage levels for workers currently employed in more than 800 SOC occupations; these wage data should not be interpreted as advertised wages for job openings. Regional occupational wage data are not available; instead, state-level occupational wages are provided as a general guide. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER [www.ndworkforceintelligence.com] JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA 26