Self-Evaluation
PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES SERIES VOLUME 116 Founded by Wilfrid S. Sellars and Keith Lehrer Editor Stephen Hetherington, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Senior Advisory Editor Keith Lehrer, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A. Associate Editor Stewart Cohen, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A. Board of Consulting Editors Lynne Rudder Baker, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, U.S.A. Radu Bogdan, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A. Marian David, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, U.S.A. John M. Fischer, University of California, Riverside, CA, U.S.A. Allan Gibbard, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A. Denise Meyerson, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia François Recanati, Institut Jean-Nicod, EHESS, Paris, France Mark Sainsbury, University of Texas, Austin, TX, U.S.A. Stuart Silvers, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, U.S.A. Barry Smith, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, U.S.A. Nicholas D. Smith, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, U.S.A. Linda Zagzebski, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, U.S.A. For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6459
Anita Konzelmann Ziv Keith Lehrer Hans Bernhard Schmid Editors Self-Evaluation Affective and Social Grounds of Intentionality 123
Editors Dr. Anita Konzelmann Ziv University of Geneva Department of Philosophy 2 Rue de Candolle CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland anita.konzelmann@unige.ch Prof. Dr. Hans Bernhard Schmid University of Basel Department of Philosophy Nadelberg 6-8 CH-4051 Basel Switzerland Hans-Bernhard.Schmid@unibas.ch Prof. Keith Lehrer University of Arizona Department of Philosophy 213 Social Sciences Building Tucson, AZ 85721-0027 USA lehrer@email.arizona.edu ISBN 978-94-007-1265-2 e-isbn 978-94-007-1266-9 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1266-9 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011927921 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Editorial Self-evaluation is a term recently reassessed in academic philosophy by the joint efforts of two Swiss research teams. The topic was launched on the occasion of the workshop Self-Evaluation Individual and Collective, held in Basel in January 2009. The aim of the workshop was to open new approaches for investigating traditional questions such as the scope and purpose of self-knowledge, the interrelation between the social and the individual person, and the significance of emotional appraisal. The scientific added value created by a perspective that shifts the focus from self-knowledge to self-evaluation is threefold: (i) the wider extension of the concept of self-evaluation allows a broader perspective on the structure of personal reflexivity; (ii) the notion of self-evaluation implies a matrix of values, and insofar as valuations imply a social context, the broadened perspective on personal reflexivity incorporates social relations; (iii) since affective states and attitudes play a crucial role in the detection and recognition of values, the broadened perspective on personal reflexivity incorporates affective assessment. In short, self-evaluation is a conception of personal reflexivity which incorporates sociality and affectivity. That this approach is more than promising was confirmed by positive responses of leading philosophers in the respective fields of research. The initial exchange of ideas on the occasion of the workshop led to deepened discussions on the topic which eventually materialized in the present volume. The workshop in Basel was jointly organized by the research group Collective Intentionality Phenomenological Perspectives, hosted at the Philosophy Department of the University of Basel, and the research group Thumos Emotion, Values and Norms, hosted at the Philosophy Department of the University of Geneva. We would like to express our gratitude to the Swiss National Science Foundation, theswiss Center for Affective Sciences, thefreiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft Basel and the University of Basel for their generous support of the workshop and the research leading to this volume on the philosophy of self-evaluation. Basel and Geneva October 2010 v
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Contents 1 Self-Evaluation Philosophical Perspectives... 1 Anita Konzelmann Ziv Part I Evaluative and Self-Evaluative Attitudes 2 How to Have Self-Directed Attitudes... 33 Lynne Rudder Baker 3 Interpretation, Cause, and Avowal: On the Evaluative Dimension of Selfhood... 45 Axel Seemann 4 Who Do You Think You Are? The How What Theory of Character and Personality... 59 Federico Lauria and Alain Pé-Curto Part II Self-Evaluation and Rationality 5 Self-Evaluation and the Ends of Existence... 81 Carol Rovane 6 Self-Evaluation and Action... 97 Juliette Gloor 7 Self-Trust and Social Truth... 119 Keith Lehrer Part III Self-Evaluative Emotions 8 Sentimentalism and Self-Directed Emotions... 135 Jesse Prinz 9 Psychopathic Resentment... 155 John Deigh 10 Self-Knowledge, Knowledge of Others, and the thing called love 171 Edward Harcourt vii
viii Contents 11 Is Shame a Social Emotion?... 193 Julien Deonna and Fabrice Teroni Part IV Evaluating the Social Self 12 Feeling Up to It The Sense of Ability in the Phenomenology of Action... 215 Hans Bernhard Schmid 13 Self-Evaluation in Intention: Individual and Shared... 237 Lilian O Brien 14 Where Individuals Meet Society: The Collective Dimensions of Self-Evaluation and Self-Knowledge... 253 Ulla Schmid About the Authors... 275 Index... 277
Contributors Lynne Rudder Baker Department of Philosophy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA, lrbaker@philos.umass.edu John Deigh Department of Philosophy, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA, jdeigh@law.utexas.edu Julien Deonna Department of Philosophy, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Julien.Deonna@unige.ch Juliette Gloor Department of Philosophy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, juliette.gloor@unibas.ch Edward Harcourt Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford University, and Keble College, Oxford, UK, edward.harcourt@philosophy.ox.ac.uk Anita Konzelmann Ziv Department of Philosophy, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, anita.konzelmann@unige.ch Federico Lauria Department of Philosophy, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Philosophy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, Federico.Lauria@unige.ch Keith Lehrer Department of Philosophy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Philosophy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA, lehrer@email.arizona.edu Lilian O Brien Department of Philosophy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, l.obrien@ucc.ie Alain Pé-Curto Department of Philosophy, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Philosophy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, Alain.Pe-Curto@unige.ch Jesse Prinz Department of Philosophy, The Graduate Center, City University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Philosophy, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, jesse@subcortex.com ix
x Contributors Carol Rovane Department of Philosophy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, cr260@columbia.edu Hans Bernhard Schmid Department of Philosophy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Hans-Bernhard.Schmid@unibas.ch Ulla Schmid Department of Philosophy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, ulla.schmid@unibas.ch Axel Seemann Department of Philosophy, Bentley University, Waltham, MA, USA, ASEEMANN@bentley.edu Fabrice Teroni Department of Philosophy, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland; Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland, Fabrice.Teroni@philo.unibe.ch