REQUIRED COMPETENCY AREAS, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES FOR POSTGRADUATE YEAR ONE (PGY1) PHARMACY RESIDENCIES Intrductin The cmpetency areas, gals, and bjectives are fr use with the ASHP Accreditatin Standard fr Pstgraduate Year One (PGY1) Pharmacy Residency Prgrams. The first fur cmpetency areas are required and the thers are elective. The required cmpetency areas, including all f the gals and bjectives falling under them, must be included in all prgrams. Prgrams may add ne r mre additinal cmpetency areas. Prgrams selecting an additinal cmpetency area are nt required t include all f the gals and bjectives in that cmpetency area. In additin t the ptential additinal cmpetency areas cntained in this dcument, prgrams are free t create their wn additinal cmpetency areas with assciated gals and bjectives. Each f the gals falling under the prgram s selectin f prgram cmpetency areas (required and additinal) must be evaluated at least nce during the residency year. In additin, elective cmpetency areas may be selected fr specific residents nly. Each f the dcument s bjectives has been classified accrding t educatinal taxnmy (cgnitive, affective, r psychmtr) and level f learning. An explanatin f the taxnmies is available elsewhere. 1 Cmpetency Area: Categries f the residency graduates capabilities. Cmpetency areas fall int ne f three categries: Required: Fur cmpetency areas are required (all prgrams must include them and all their assciated gals and bjectives). Additinal: Cmpetency area(s) ther than the fur areas required fr all prgram that prgrams may select t add as required fr their specific residency prgram. Elective: Cmpetency area(s) selected ptinally fr specific resident(s). Educatinal Gals (Gal): Brad statement f abilities. Educatinal Objective: Observable, measurable statement describing what residents will be able t d as a result f participating in the residency prgram. Specific, qualitative cmments that describe cmpetent perfrmance fr each bjective. Preceptrs shuld aim t ensure residents can meet, and residents shuld aim t achieve, all criteria listed fr each bjective. If all are nt met, this shuld be reflected in the rating f the resident n that bjective. Cmments shuld indicate which criteria require mre wrk. 1 Nimm, CM. Develping training materials and prgrams: creating educatinal bjectives and assessing their attainment. In: Nimm CM, Guerrer R, Greene SA, Taylr JT, eds. Staff develpment fr pharmacy practice. Bethesda, MD: ASHP; 2000.
Cmpetency Area R1: Patient Care Gal R1.1: In cllabratin with the health care team, prvide safe and effective patient care t a diverse range f patients, including thse with multiple c-mrbidities, high-risk medicatin regimens, and multiple medicatins fllwing a cnsistent patient care prcess. Objective R1.1.1: (Applying) Interact effectively with health care teams t manage patients medicatin therapy. Prfessinal relatinships with interprfessinal health care teams: Are cperative, cllabrative, cmmunicative, respectful. Reflect use f skills in negtiatin, cnflict management, cnsensus building. Demnstrate advcacy fr the patient. Prfessinal relatinships with patients, families r family members, and caregivers: Are respectful and cllabrative. Use effective cmmunicatin skills. Shw empathy. Empwer patients t take respnsibility fr their health. Demnstrate cultural cmpetence. Objective R1.1.2: (Analyzing) Cllect infrmatin n which t base safe and effective medicatin therapy. Uses effective methds f cllecting and rganizing patient-specific infrmatin fr analysis, including effective use f technlgy, t gain the apprpriate infrmatin (allws pharmacist t prevent, detect, and reslve medicatin-related prblems and make apprpriate medicatin therapy recmmendatins): Apprpriately utilizes technicians/ancillary staff fr tasks such as cllecting and rganizing infrmatin. Cllects relevant infrmatin abut medicatin therapy, including: Histry f present illness. Relevant health data that may include past medical histry, health and wellness infrmatin, bimetric test results, and physical assessment findings. Scial histry. Medicatin histry including prescriptin, nn-prescriptin, illicit, recreatinal, and nntraditinal therapies; ther dietary supplements; immunizatins; and allergies. Labratry values. Pharmacgenmics and pharmacgenetic infrmatin, if available. Adverse drug reactins. Medicatin adherence and persistence. Patient lifestyle habits, preferences and beliefs, health and functinal gals, and sciecnmic factrs that affect access t medicatins and ther aspects f care. Surces f infrmatin are the mst reliable available. Recrding system is functinal fr subsequent prblem slving and decisin making. Page 2
Objective R1.1.3: (Analyzing) Analyze and assess infrmatin n which t base safe and effective medicatin therapy. Cnducts accurate prspective evaluatin f patient medicatin regimens n a rutine basis. Accurately assesses each medicatin fr apprpriateness, effectiveness, and safety befre preparing r permitting the distributin f the first dse. Accurately assesses health and functinal status, risk factrs, health data, cultural factrs, health literacy, access t medicatins, and ther aspects f care. Accurately assesses immunizatin status and the need fr preventive care and ther health care services, where apprpriate. Identifies medicatin therapy prblems, including: Lack f indicatin fr medicatin. Medical cnditins fr which there is n medicatin prescribed. Medicatin prescribed r cntinued inapprpriately fr a particular medical cnditin. Subptimal medicatin regimen (e.g., dse, dsage frm, duratin, schedule, rute f administratin, methd f administratin). Therapeutic duplicatin. Adverse drug r device-related events r ptential fr such events. Clinically significant drug-drug, drug-disease, drug-nutrient, drug-dna test interactin, druglabratry test interactin, r ptential fr such interactins. Use f harmful scial, recreatinal, nnprescriptin, nntraditinal, r ther medicatin therapies. Patient nt receiving full benefit f prescribed medicatin therapy. Prblems arising frm the financial impact f medicatin therapy n the patient. Patient lacks understanding f medicatin therapy. Patient nt adhering t medicatin regimen and rt cause (e.g., knwledge, recall, mtivatin, financial, system). Labratry mnitring needed. Discrepancy between prescribed medicatins and established care plan fr the patient. Objective R1.1.4: (Creating) Design r redesign safe and effective patient-centered therapeutic regimens and mnitring plans (care plans). Specifies evidence-based, achievable therapeutic gals. Gals reflect cnsideratin f: All relevant patient-specific infrmatin including culture and preferences. The gals f ther interprfessinal team members. The patient's disease state(s). Medicatin-specific infrmatin. Best evidence. Ethical issues invlved in the patient's care. Quality-f-life issues specific t the patient. Integratin f all the abve factrs influencing the setting f gals. Gals are realistic. Gals are measurable. Page 3
Chart dcumentatin exhibits the fllwing characteristics: Written in time t be useful. Fllws the health system's plicies and prcedures, including that entries are signed, dated, timed, legible, and cncise. Recmmended plan is presented clearly. Designs/redesigns regimens that: Are apprpriate fr the disease states being treated. Reflect: The therapeutic gals established fr the patient The patient's and caregiver's specific needs Cnsideratin f: Cmpliance. Any pertinent pharmacgenmic r pharmacgenetics. Best evidence. Pertinent ethical issues. Pharmacecnmic cmpnents (patient, medical, and systems resurces). Culture and/r language differences. Adhere t the health system's medicatin-use plicies. Integrate patient-, disease-, and medicatin-specific data. Cnsider humanistic gals (e.g., quality-f-life issues). Reflect patient preference and patient-specific cnsideratins, including physical, mental, emtinal, cultural, and financial factrs affecting adherence t the regimen. Cnsider pharmacecnmic principles. Fllw applicable ethical standards. Address wellness prmtin and lifestyle mdificatin. Supprt the rganizatin s r patient s frmulary. Address medicatin-related prblems and ptimize medicatin therapy. Engage the patient thrugh educatin, empwerment, and self-management. Include chart dcumentatin that exhibits the fllwing characteristics: Written in time t be useful. Fllws the health system's plicies and prcedures, including that entries are signed, dated, timed, legible, and cncise. Recmmended plan is presented clearly. Designs/redesigns mnitring plans that: Effectively evaluate achievement f therapeutic gals. Ensure adequate, apprpriate, and timely fllw-up. Establish parameters that are apprpriate measures f therapeutic gal achievement. Reflect cnsideratin f best evidence. Select the mst reliable surce fr each parameter measurement. Have apprpriate value ranges selected fr the patient. Have parameters that measure efficacy. Have parameters that measure ptential adverse drug events. Have parameters that are cst-effective. Have btainable measurements f the parameters specified. Reflects cnsideratin f cmpliance. Page 4
If fr an ambulatry patient, includes strategy fr ensuring patient returns fr needed fllw-up visit(s). When applicable, reflects preferences and needs f the patient. Include chart dcumentatin that exhibits the fllwing characteristics: Written in time t be useful. Fllws the health system's plicies and prcedures, including that entries are signed, dated, timed, legible, and cncise. Recmmended plans are presented clearly. Objective R1.1.5: (Applying) Ensure implementatin f therapeutic regimens and mnitring plans (care plans) by taking apprpriate fllw-up actins. Recmmends r cmmunicates patients regimens and assciated mnitring plans t relevant members f the healthcare team. Recmmendatin is persuasive. Presentatin f recmmendatin accrds patient s right t refuse treatment. If patient refuses treatment, pharmacist exhibits respnsible prfessinal behavir. Creates an atmsphere f cllabratin. Skillfully defuses negative reactins. Cmmunicatin cnveys expertise. Cmmunicatin is assertive nt aggressive. Where the patient has been directly invlved in the design f the plans, cmmunicatin reflects previus cllabratin apprpriately. Chart dcumentatin exhibits the fllwing characteristics: Written in time t be useful. Fllws the health system's plicies and prcedures, including that entries are signed, dated, timed, legible, and cncise. Recmmended plans are presented clearly. Ensures recmmended plan is implemented effectively fr the patient, including ensuring that the: Therapy crrespnds with the recmmended regimen. Regimen is initiated at the apprpriate time. Medicatin rders are clear and cncise. Activity cmplies with the health system's plicies and prcedures. Tests crrespnd with the recmmended mnitring plan. Tests are rdered and perfrmed at the apprpriate time. Takes apprpriate actin based n analysis f mnitring results (redesign regimen and/r mnitring plan if needed). Apprpriately initiates, mdifies, discntinues, r administers medicatin therapy as authrized. Respnds apprpriately t ntificatins and alerts in electrnic medical recrds and ther infrmatin systems which supprt medicatin rdering prcesses (based n patient weight, age, gender, c-mrbid cnditins, drug interactins, renal functin, hepatic functin, etc.). Prvides thrugh and accurate educatin t patients, and caregivers, when apprpriate, including infrmatin n medicatin therapy, adverse effects, cmpliance, apprpriate use, handling, and medicatin administratin. Dcuments direct patient care activities apprpriately including: Apprpriate selectin f infrmatin fr dcumentatin. Use f effective cmmunicatin practices. Page 5
Relevant supprting evidence and ratinale fr plan. Apprpriate infrmatin in each sectin f the dcumentatin. Clear and cncise dcumentatin in patient s permanent medical recrd. Addresses medicatin- and health-related prblems and engages in preventive care strategies, including vaccine administratin. Schedules fllw-up care as needed t achieve gals f therapy. Objective R1.1.6: (Applying) Demnstrate respnsibility t patients. Gives pririty t patient care activities. Plans prspectively. Rutinely cmpletes all steps f the medicatin management prcess. Assumes respnsibility fr medicatin therapy utcmes. Actively wrks t identify the ptential fr significant medicatin-related prblems. Actively pursues all significant existing and ptential medicatin-related prblems until satisfactry reslutin is btained. Helps patients learn t navigate the health care system, as apprpriate. Infrms patients hw t btain their medicatins in a safe, efficient, and mst cst-effective manner. Determines barriers t patient cmpliance and makes apprpriate adjustments. Gal R1.2: Ensure cntinuity f care during patient transitins between care settings. Objective R1.2.1: (Applying) Manage transitins f care effectively. Effectively participates in btaining r validating a thrugh and accurate medicatin histry. Participates in thrugh medicatin recnciliatin. Fllws up n all identified drug-related prblems. Participates effectively in medicatin educatin. Prvides accurate and timely fllw-up infrmatin when patients transfer t anther facility, level f care, pharmacist, r prvider, as apprpriate. Fllws up with patient in a timely and caring manner. Prvides additinal effective mnitring and educatin, as apprpriate. Takes apprpriate and effective steps t help avid unnecessary hspital admissins and/r readmissins. Page 6
Gal R1.3: Prepare, dispense, and manage medicatins t supprt safe and effective drug therapy fr patients. Objective R1.3.1: (Applying) Prepare and dispense medicatins fllwing best practices and the rganizatin s plicies and prcedures. Crrectly interpret apprpriateness f a medicatin rder befre preparing r permitting the distributin f the first dse, including: Identifing, verifing, and crrecting any medicatin rder errrs. Clarifying anything incmplete in the medicatin rder. Identifing prblems in a manner that reflects cnsideratin f cmplete patient-specific infrmatin. Identifing all existing r ptential drug therapy prblems. Determining an apprpriate slutin t an identified prblem. Securing cnsensus frm the prescriber fr mdificatins t therapy. Ensuring that the slutin is implemented. Dcumenting changes t medicatin rders that exhibit the fllwing characteristics: Written in time t be useful. Fllwing the health system's plicies and prcedures, including that entries are signed, dated, timed, legible, and cncise. Recmmended plan is presented clearly. Prepares medicatin using apprpriate techniques and fllwing the rganizatin's plicies and prcedures, including: When required, accurately calibrates equipment. Prepares medicatins using apprpriate technique accrding t the health system's plicies and prcedures and applicable prfessinal standards. Prepares medicatins s they are apprpriately cncentrated, withut incmpatibilities, stable, and apprpriately stred. Adheres t apprpriate safety and quality assurance practices. Prepares labels that cnfrm t the health system's plicies and prcedures. Medicatin cntains all necessary and/r apprpriate ancillary labels. Inspects the final medicatin befre dispensing. When dispensing medicatin prducts: Fllws the rganizatin's plicies and prcedures. Ensures the patient receives the medicatin(s) as rdered. Ensures the integrity f medicatin dispensed. Prvides any necessary written and/r verbal cunseling. Ensures the patient receives medicatin n time. Dcumentatin f dispensing fllws the rganizatin s plicies and prcedures. Maintains accuracy and cnfidentiality f patients prtected health infrmatin (PHI). Obtains agreement n mdificatins t medicatin rders when acting in the absence f, r utside, an apprved prtcl r cllabrative agreement. Fllws the rganizatin's plicies and prcedures and quality assurance standards, and regulatins and laws gverning pharmacy practice, fr the preparatin f medicatin, t ensure safety, effectiveness, and the integrity f medicatin dispensed thrughut the rganizatin. Page 7
Objective R1.3.2: (Applying) Manage aspects f the medicatin-use prcess related t frmulary management. Ensures frmulary decisins cnsider medicatin safety. Fllws apprpriate prcedures regarding exceptins t the frmulary, if applicable, in cmpliance with plicy. Objective R1.3.3: (Applying) Manage aspects f the medicatin-use prcess related t versight f dispensing. When apprpriate, fllws the rganizatin s established prtcls. Makes effective use f relevant technlgy t aid in decisin-making and increase safety. Demnstrates cmmitment t medicatin safety in medicatin-use prcess. Effectively priritizes wrk lad and rganizes wrk flw. Checks accuracy f medicatins dispensed, including crrect patient identificatin, medicatin, dsage frm, label, dse, number f dses, expiratin dates, and prperly repackaged and relabeled medicatins, including cmpunded medicatins (sterile and nnsterile). Checks the accuracy f the wrk f pharmacy technicians, clerical persnnel, pharmacy students, and thers accrding t applicable laws and institutinal plicies. Participates in relevant and accurate medicatin-use evaluatins. Prmtes safe and effective drug use n a day-t-day basis. Cmpetency Area R2: Advancing Practice and Imprving Patient Care Gal R2.1: Demnstrate ability t evaluate and investigate practice, review data, and assimilate scientific evidence t imprve patient care and/r the medicatin use system. (Nte: Each resident must participate in at least ne quality imprvement r research prject.) Residents must d a quality imprvement r research prject that includes ne r mre f the fllwing: a medicatin-use plicy recmmendatin (e.g., drug class review, treatment guidelines, prtcls, utilizatin management guidelines), treatment guideline/prtcl fr individual r ppulatin-based patient care, r an imprvement t the medicatin-use prcess r rganizatinal patient care imprvement initiative. Ideally, bjectives R2.1.1-R2.1.4 will be addressed thrugh residents wrking n ne quality imprvement r research prject; hwever, if this is nt pssible, all bjectives must be addressed by the end f the residency year and can be addressed thrugh wrk n mre than ne initiative. Fr example, bjectives 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 may be taught and evaluated n ne quality imprvement initiative and bjectives 2.1.3 and 2.1.4 may be taught and evaluated thrugh a different initiative. Page 8
Objective R2.1.1: (Analyzing) Identify changes needed t imprve patient care and/r the medicatinuse systems. Apprpriately identifies prblems and pprtunities fr imprvement and analyzes relevant backgrund data. Determine an apprpriate tpic fr a practice-related prject f significance t patient care and/r the medicatin-use system. Uses best practices t identy pprtunities fr imprvements in the medicatin-use system (e.g., rt cause analysis, failure mde and effect analysis). Opprtunity fr imprvement identified is f significance t the medicatin-use system. Accurately assesses medicatin shrtage data t determine if adjustments in prcurement, frmulary changes, treatment guidelines, restrictins, r prtcls must be made. Cmparative reviews, treatment guidelines, and/r prtcls used t evaluate the medictin-use system and needs fr change are bjective, evidenced-based, cnsult relevant surces, cnsider medicatin-use safety and resurce utilizatin r ther patient care quality imprvement intiative, and use the apprpriate frmat. Apprpriately and accurately determines, investigates, reprts, tracks and trends adverse drug events and medicatin errrs using accepted institutinal resurces and prgrams. Demnstrates a wrking knwledge f currently available technlgy and autmatin that supprts a safe medicatin-use prcess. Accurately evaluates r assists in the evaluatin f data generated by health infrmatin technlgy r autmated systems t identify pprtunities fr imprvement. Objective R2.1.2: (Creating) Develp a plan t imprve the patient care and/r medicatin-use system. Applies safety design practices (e.g., standardizatin, simplificatin, human factrs training, lean principles, FOCUS-PDCA, ther prcess imprvement r research methdlgies) apprpriately and accurately t identify pprtunities t imprve the medicatin-use prcess (e.g., peratinal change, adverse event reprting, medicatin errr reprting, changes in medicatin plicy prcesses, treatment guideline, prtcl). Fllws the rganizatin s plicies and prcedures fr maintaining and revising a frmulary (if the respnsibility f the rganizatin includes maintaining and revising the frmulary). Ensures frmulary decisins cnsider medicatin safety. Develps and fllws apprpriate prcedures fr exceptins t the frmulary, if applicable, in cmpliance with plicy. Fllws rganizatin s plicies and prcedures fr managing medicatin shrtages when develping plan fr substitutin, r fr ther frmulary actins (e.g., restrictins). Safely selects and btains alternate medicatins during drug shrtages. Steps in plan are defined clearly. Plan fr imprvement includes apprpriate reviews and apprvals required by department r rganizatin, and includes meeting the cncerns f all stakehlders. Applies evidence-based principles t guidelines/prtcls, if needed. Develps a sund research r quality imprvement questin realistic fr time frame, if apprpriate. Develps a feasible design fr a prject that cnsiders wh r what will be affected by the prject. Identifies and btains necessary apprvals, (e.g., IRB, funding) fr a practice-related prject. Page 9
Writes drug class reviews, mngraphs, treatment guidelines, r prtcls that are evidence-based and use an accepted frmat. Plan t imprve defect in peratins and distributin systems, medicatin safety system, r errr reprting system is based upn apprpriate tracking and trending data. When needed, makes medicatin-use plicy recmmendatins based n a review f practice (e.g., Natinal Quality Measures, ISMP alerts, Jint Cmmissin Sentinel Alerts). Uses apprpriate electrnic data and infrmatin frm internal infrmatin databases, external nline databases, and apprpriate internet resurces, as applicable fr planned changes in rder sets, dsing rule guidance, rdering practices, and ther frms f decisin supprt. Plan design is practical t implement and is expected t remedy r minimize the identified pprtunity fr imprvement. Objective R2.1.3: (Applying) Implement changes t imprve patient care and/r the medicatin-use system. Fllws established timeline and milestnes. Implements the prject as specified in its design. Cllects data as required by prject design. Effectively presents plan t apprpriate audience (e.g., accurately recmmends r cntributes t recmmendatin fr peratinal change, frmulary additin r deletin, implementatin f medicatin guideline r restrictin, r treatment prtcl implementatin). Gains necessary cmmitment and apprval fr use f treatment guidelines/prtcls. Effectively cmmunicates changes t the frmulary, including thse resulting frm drug shrtages. Demnstrates apprpriate assertiveness in presenting pharmacy cncerns, slutins, and interests t external stakehlders. Change is implemented fully. Objective R2.1.4: (Evaluating) Assess changes made t imprve patient care r the medicatin-use system. Outcme f change t medicatin-use system is evaluated accurately and fully. Includes peratinal, clinical, ecnmic, and humanistic utcmes f patient care. Uses Cntinuus Quality Imprvement (CQI) principles t assess success f implementatin f change. Crrectly identifies mdificatins r if additinal changes are needed. Accurately assesses the impact, including sustainability if applicable, f the prject. Accurately and apprpriately develps plan t address pprtunities fr additinal changes. Objective R2.1.5: (Creating) Effectively develp and present, rally and in writing, a final prject reprt. Outcme f change t medicatin-use system is reprted accurately t apprpriate stakehlders(s) and plicy making bdies accrding t department r rganizatinal prcesses. Reprt includes implicatins fr changes t/imprvement in pharmacy practice. Reprt uses an accepted manuscript style suitable fr publicatin in the prfessinal literature. Page 10
Oral presentatins t apprpriate audiences within the department, rganizatin, r t external audiences use effective cmmunicatin and presentatin skills and tls (e.g., handuts, slides) t cnvey pints successfully. Cmpetency Area R3: Leadership and Management Gal R3.1: Demnstrate leadership skills. Objective R3.1.1: (Applying) Demnstrate persnal, interpersnal, and teamwrk skills critical fr effective leadership. Demnstrates effective time management. Manages cnflict effectively. Demnstrates effective negtiatin skills. Demnstrates ability t lead interprfessinal teams. Uses effective cmmunicatin skills and styles. Demnstrates understanding f perspectives f varius health care prfessinals. Effectively expresses benefits f persnal prfessin-wide leadership and advcacy. Objective R3.1.2: (Applying) Apply a prcess f n-ging self-evaluatin and persnal perfrmance imprvement. Accurately summarizes ne s wn strengths and areas fr imprvement (knwledge, values, qualities, skills, and behavirs). Effectively uses a self-evaluatin prcess fr develping prfessinal directin, gals, and plans. Effectively engages in self-evaluatin f prgress n specified gals and plans. Demnstrates ability t use and incrprate cnstructive feedback frm thers. Effectively uses principles f cntinuus prfessinal develpment (CPD) planning (reflect, plan, act, evaluate, recrd/review). Gal R3.2: Demnstrate management skills. Objective R3.2.1: (Understanding) Explain factrs that influence departmental planning. Identifies and explains factrs that influence departmental planning, including: Basic principles f management. Financial management. Accreditatin, legal, regulatry, and safety requirements. Facilities design. Human resurces. Culture f the rganizatin. The rganizatin s plitical and decisin-making structure. Page 11
Explains the ptential impact f factrs n departmental planning. Explains the strategic planning prcess. Objective R3.2.2 (Understanding) Explain the elements f the pharmacy enterprise and their relatinship t the healthcare system. Identifies apprpriate resurces t keep updated n trends and changes within pharmacy and healthcare. Explains changes t laws and regulatins (e.g. value-based purchasing, cnsumer-driven healthcare, reimbursement mdels) related t medicatin use. Explains external quality metrics and hw they are develped, abstracted, reprted, and used (e.g., Risk Evaluatin and Mitigatin Strategy). Describes the gvernance f the healthcare system and leadership rles. Objective R3.2.3: (Applying) Cntribute t departmental management. Helps identify and define significant departmental needs. Helps develp plans that address departmental needs. Participates effectively n cmmittees r infrmal wrkgrups t cmplete grup prjects, tasks, r gals. Participates effectively in implementing changes, using change management and quality imprvement best practices/tls, cnsistent with team, departmental, and rganizatinal gals. Objective R3.2.4: (Applying) Manages ne s wn practice effectively. Accurately assesses successes and areas fr imprvement (e.g., staffing prjects, teaching) in managing ne s wn practice. Makes accurate, criteria-based assessments f ne s wn ability t perfrm practice tasks. Regularly integrates new learning int subsequent perfrmances f a task until expectiatins are met. Rutinely seeks applicable new learning pprtunities when perfrmance des nt meet expectatins. Demnstrates effective wrklad management and time management skills. Assumes respnsibility fr persnal wrk quality and imprvement. Is well prepared t fulfill respnsibilities (e.g., patient care, prject, management, meetings). Sets and meets realistic gals and timelines. Demnstrates awareness f wn values, mtivatins, and emtins. Demnstrates enthusiasm, self-mtivatin, and can-d apprach. Strives t maintain a healthy wrk-life balance. Wrks cllabratively within the rganizatin's plitical and decisin-making structure. Demnstrates pride in, and cmmitment t, the prfessin thrugh appearance, persnal cnduct, planning t pursue bard certificatin, and pharmacy assciatin membership activities. Demnstrates persnal cmmitment t and adheres t rganizatinal and departmental plicies and prcedures. Page 12
Cmpetency Area R4: Teaching, Educatin, and Disseminatin f Knwledge Gal R4.1: Prvide effective medicatin and practice-related educatin t patients, caregivers, health care prfessinals, students, and the public (individuals and grups). Objective R4.1.1: (Applying) Design effective educatinal activities. Accurately defines learning needs (e.g., level, such as healthcare prfessinal vs patient, and their learning gaps) f audience (individuals r grups). Defines educatinal bjectives that are specific, measurable, at a relevant learning level (e.g., applying, creating, evaluating), and that address the audiences defined learning needs. Plans use f teaching strategies that match learner needs, including active learning (e.g., patient cases, plling). Selects cntent that is relevant, thrugh, evidence-based (using primary literature where apprpriate), and timely, and reflects best practices. Includes accurate citatins and relevant references, and adheres t applicable cpyright laws. Objective R4.1.2: (Applying) Use effective presentatin and teaching skills t deliver educatin. Demnstrates rapprt with learners. Captures and maintains learner/audience interest thrughut the presentatin. Implements planned teaching strategies effectively. Effectively facilitates audience participatin, active learning, and engagement in varius settings (e.g., small r large grup, distance learning). Presents at apprpriate rate and vlume and withut distracting speaker habits (e.g., excessive ah s and um s ). Bdy language, mvement, and expressins enhance presentatins. Summarizes imprtant pints at apprpriate times thrughut presentatins. Transitins smthly between cncepts. Effectively uses audi-visuals and handuts t supprt learning activities. Objective R4.1.3: (Applying) Use effective written cmmunicatin t disseminate knwledge. Writes in a manner that is easily understandable and free f errrs. Demnstrates thrugh understanding f the tpic. Ntes apprpriate citatins and references. Includes critical evaluatin f the literature and advancement in knwledge r summary f what is currently knwn n the tpic. Develps and uses tables, graphs, and figures t enhance reader s understanding f the tpic when apprpriate. Writes at a level apprpriate fr the reader (e.g., physicians, pharmacists, ther health care prfessinals, patients, public). Creates ne s wn wrk and des nt engage in plagiarism. Page 13
Objective R4.1.4: (Applying) Apprpriately assess effectiveness f educatin. Selects assessment methd (e.g., written r verbal assessment r self-assessment questins, case with case-based questins, learner demnstratin f new skill) that matches activity. Prvides timely, cnstructive, and criteria-based feedback t learner. If used, assessment questins are written in a clear, cncise frmat that reflects best practices fr test item cnstructin. Determines hw well learning bjectives were met. Plans fr fllw-up educatinal activities t enhance/supprt/ensure gals were met, if needed. Identifies ways t imprve educatin-related skills. Obtains and reviews feedback frm learners and thers t imprve their effectiveness. Gal R4.2: Effectively emplys apprpriate preceptrs rles when engaged in teaching (e.g., students, pharmacy technicians, r ther health care prfessinals). Objective R4.2.1: (Analyzing) When engaged in teaching, select a preceptrs rle that meets learners educatinal needs. Identifies which preceptr rle is applicable fr the situatin (direct instructin, mdeling, caching, facilitating). Selects direct instructin when learners need backgrund cntent. Selects mdeling when learners have sufficient backgrund knwledge t understand skill being mdeled. Selects caching when learners are prepared t perfrm a skill under supervisin. Selects facilitating when learners have perfrmed a skill satisfactrily under supervisin. Objective R4.2.2: (Applying) Effectively emply preceptr rles, as apprpriate. Instructs students, technicians, r thers, as apprpriate. Mdels skills, including thinking ut lud, s learners can bserve critical thinking skills. Caches, including effective use f verbal guidance, feedback, and questining, as needed. Facilitates, when apprpriate, by allwing learner independence when ready and using indirect mnitring f perfrmance. Apprved by the Cmmissin n Credentialing f the American Sciety f Health-System Pharmacists n September 10, 2014. Endrsed by the ASHP Bard f Directrs n September 19, 2014. This is the dcument referenced in the ASHP Accreditatin Standard fr Pstgraduate Year One (PGY1) Pharmacy Residency Prgrams apprved n September 19, 2014, and is intended t be used in cnjunctin with that Standard. Cpyright 2014, American Sciety f Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 14